International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems最新文献

{"title":"Fault diagnosis of grounding system of high voltage cable circuits using graph attention networks","authors":"Gen Li ,&nbsp;Wenjun Zhou ,&nbsp;Chengke Zhou ,&nbsp;Yi Jing ,&nbsp;Long Qiu ,&nbsp;Yongheng Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sheath currents in HV cable systems often exceed standard values, while no faults were found. Existing fault diagnosis methods for the grounding system heavily rely on theoretical models and neglect the shared grounding points of multiple cable circuits, resulting in unsatisfactory practical performance. This paper establishes theoretical models of the grounding system in various states of cable circuits with shared grounding grids. Whist differences among the magnitudes of the three phase load currents are assumed negligible, the distribution characteristics of the sheath currents are analyzed and three kinds of correlations between the measured sheath currents and the configuration of the sheath grounding systems are proposed and investigated. A fault diagnostic model based on graph attention networks (GATs) is established with the combination of the three relationships as prior knowledge, enabling the diagnosis of the grounding system without reliance on theoretical models or circuit parameters. The model is validated by field data and simulation data, which demonstrate that the four metrics of the fault diagnostic model are above 90%. The incorporation of GATs and prior knowledge enhances the model’s accuracy by 14.41% in comparison with that of the traditional fully connected neural network model.</div><div>© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110683"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution simulation and prediction of urban private vehicles energy consumption system: Agent-based modelling","authors":"Chuang Tu ,&nbsp;Jiayi Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Bai ,&nbsp;Guangwen Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-precision energy demand forecasting can help cope with the uncertainties of future vehicle electrification. An agent-based model is employed to simulate and forecast the minute-by-minute energy consumption in Beijing. Based on the results, recommendations for power grid enhancements are formulated to address the uncertainties associated with future vehicle electrification. Firstly, an agent-based simulation model is constructed to simulate the behavior of conventional gasoline vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and pure electric vehicles in Beijing within the same system. Considering the complex spatiotemporal heterogeneity of motor vehicle energy consumption, two scenarios were established: Scenario 1, focusing on spatial heterogeneity, and Scenario 2, emphasizing temporal heterogeneity. In Scenario 1, the total energy consumption and peak instantaneous energy consumption of various vehicle types across Beijing and its 16 districts are analyzed. Then, in Scenario 2, the total and instantaneous energy consumption for Beijing and its 16 districts from 2024 to 2030 is projected. It is projected that by 2030, the number of EVs in Beijing will reach 1,013,900, representing a 1.3-fold increase from the 2024 figure. This growth is expected to lead to a 1.5-fold rise in total automobile electricity consumption. Among Beijing’s 16 districts, Chaoyang has the highest total electricity consumption and the fastest growth rate. Annual electricity consumption is projected to increase from 227.3 million kWh in 2024 to 32.108 billion kWh in 2030. In contrast, Huairou has the lowest energy consumption and the smallest variation range. Additionally, we observed significant imbalances in peak annual growth rates across different regions. Therefore, it is recommended that Haidian and Chaoyang districts should at least double their current capacity to alleviate overall power demand. Furthermore, starting from 2024, apart from Huairou and Pinggu districts, the remaining 14 districts should implement network reinforcement measures, smart grid peak regulation, dynamic charging, and other peak management policies to address the anticipated future peak growth. The findings are anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for the enhancement of urban power grid infrastructure in order to meet the future surge in demand for electric vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110669"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and experiments of a bidirectional thyristor bridge switch for LC commutation in high-current DC vacuum circuit breaker","authors":"Meng Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Tong ,&nbsp;Hua Li ,&nbsp;Zhiquan Song ,&nbsp;Zhenhan Li ,&nbsp;Chao Gao ,&nbsp;Peng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Quench Protection System (QPS) of superconducting fusion device, high-current DC breaker is an important component. LC commutation circuit provides a negative pulse current to generate zero-crossing point in Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) for DC interruption. In this paper, a bidirectional thyristor bridge switch for LC commutation circuit is proposed, and the test and performance research are carried out. Firstly, the electrical issues of high-voltage stress, large-current temperature rise and voltage balancing protection are analyzed, and a 15 kV/55 kA thyristor bridge switch prototype is developed. In the testing of the prototype, the inconsistency phenomenon of series connected thyristors in trigger conducting stage was discovered. After eliminating external factors, it was found that the inconsistency was caused by the parameter dispersion of thyristors themselves. Through the selection of <em>U</em>_GT/<em>I</em>_GT parameter, the thyristors after replaced show higher consistency. Moreover, this phenomenon has been explained in detail based on the physical structure of thyristor. Finally, high-current experiments including pulse discharge test of LC commutation circuit and 55 kA VCB breaking test are successfully implemented. The performance of thyristor bridge switch was further verified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110685"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordinated control of grid-following and grid-forming energy storage for virtual inertia response considering frequency modal characteristics","authors":"Hengning Yu ,&nbsp;Liangzhong Yao ,&nbsp;Shuai Liang ,&nbsp;Jian Xu ,&nbsp;Fan Cheng ,&nbsp;Ming Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grid-following energy storage (GFL-ES) and grid-forming energy storage (GFM-ES) will coexist for a certain period into the future as one of the frequency regulation resources in low-inertia power systems. However, differences in synchronization mechanisms and inertia implementation approaches lead to significant variations in frequency response characteristics between GFL-ES and GFM-ES. The modal characteristics of GFL-ES’s virtual support capability further complicate the coordination control. To address this issue, this paper proposes a coordinated control method of GFL-ESs and GFM-ESs for virtual inertia response considering frequency modal characteristics. First, the differences in virtual inertia support characteristics between GFL-ES and GFM-ES are analysed based on a unified structural model. Subsequently, a quantitative analysis is conducted to investigate the mapping relationship between the modal inertia of the GFL-ES and changes in the frequency nadir time as well as control parameters. Then, considering the system’s initial frequency change rate constraints and the remaining capacity of energy storage, the virtual inertia control parameters of GFL-ES and GFM-ES are coordinated and allocated based on the unified structure model to effectively balance the virtual inertia support power of energy storage systems with different characteristics. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively coordinate GFM-ES and GFL-ES with varying response characteristics, ensuring that the total virtual inertia support capability meets the expected requirements, demonstrating strong adaptability.</div><div>© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110686"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-layer asynchronous distributed optimal voltage control for VSC-HVDC-connected large-scale wind farm clusters","authors":"Fuyan Liu ,&nbsp;Feifan Shen ,&nbsp;Pan Hu ,&nbsp;HeSong Cui ,&nbsp;Sheng Huang ,&nbsp;Ji Zhang ,&nbsp;Xia Ma ,&nbsp;Kun He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a two-layer asynchronous distributed optimal voltage control (TADOVC) scheme for voltage source converter high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC)-connected large-scale wind farm clusters (WFCs). First, a TADOVC scheme based on model predictive control (MPC) and asynchronous alternating direction method of the multipliers (ADMM) was introduced, where an asynchronous decentralized ADMM was employed in WFC control, which serves as the upper-level control, to eliminate the need for central controller, and the wind farm control in the lower-level employed asynchronous global ADMM to achieve global optimization of wind farms. Second, an asynchronous adaptive ADMM (A-ADMM) is proposed to eliminate the limitation of synchronous update of all variables in the control process, mitigate the impact of controller communication delay on control efficiency in WFC, and alleviate the influence of unreasonable iteration parameters on algorithm iteration speed. Furthermore, a theoretical analysis was conducted to derive the convergence conditions of asynchronous ADMM in solving the voltage optimal control problem. A WFC with 5 sub-wind farms (sub-WFs), with each sub-WF consisting of 20 wind turbines (WTs), was used to validate the proposed TADOVC scheme. The results showed that the proposed scheme could improve the computation efficiency without affecting the original problem’s optimality, while also exhibiting enhanced robustness and environmental adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110680"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel high-voltage fault-tolerant permanent magnet synchronous generator for far offshore wind turbines","authors":"Pengzhao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangjun Zeng ,&nbsp;Yiping Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cost-effective and highly reliable wind generator systems are crucial for reducing the levelized cost of energy of far offshore wind farms. However, conventional three-phase wind generators with low output voltages necessitate complex power conversions and expensive offshore converter stations. This study proposes a novel high-voltage fault-tolerant permanent magnet synchronous generator (HVFTPMSG) to address this issue. Benefiting from a specially designed high-voltage coil and modular stator, the HVFTPMSG elevates the output voltage to approach HVDC transmission levels and exhibits excellent magnetic isolation performance. This work highlights the key design considerations of the HVFTPMSG and elaborates on its design and optimization methods using a 10 MW HVFTPMSG design example. A multiphysics coupling numerical model is developed to comprehensively evaluate the electromagnetic characteristics, thermal distribution, and electric field strength distribution of the design example. The design example optimized by the NSGA-III algorithm is compared with conventional generators of the same power rating regarding mass, cost, and efficiency. Furthermore, a scaled-down high-voltage coil prototype is developed to validate its insulation performance. The results indicate that the proposed HVFTPMSG is expected to be a competitive candidate for far offshore wind power applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110662"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of distribution grid line parameters using smart meter data with missing measurements","authors":"Shubhankar Kapoor ,&nbsp;Adrian G. Wills ,&nbsp;Johannes Hendriks ,&nbsp;Lachlan Blackhall","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grid models, including line impedances, are crucial for the active management and operation of the distribution grid (DG). This paper introduces a novel approach for estimating DG line parameters using available voltage magnitude and node powers from smart meters (SMs), specifically addressing scenarios with missing measurements. We propose an expectation–maximization (EM) based approach and validate the results on an IEEE 37-node network, achieving accurate estimates for line parameters, voltage magnitude, and active/reactive power at nodes. The method is tested with varying levels of missing measurements and noise. Two cases of missing measurements are considered: random and specific node-based. The latter case is used to infer the optimal placement of measurement devices. Additionally, the proposed method is validated on simulated data and real-world consumer loads, consistently providing accurate results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110634"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyber-physical coupled modelling for distributed coordination control of a new distribution system","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Yufei Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Gu ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Dehu Zou ,&nbsp;Xuechang Yu ,&nbsp;Zhihao Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The peer-to-peer neighbour information exchange of the multi-agent system (MAS) and the update of their states may cause communication delays and even control errors. Hence, it is necessary to analyze distributed coordination control (DCC) issues influenced by communication conditions. To address these problems, this study proposes a cyber-physical coupled modelling (CPCM) method for MAS-based new distribution system (NDS). Firstly, the proposed method establishes a unified adjacency matrix model that covers the coupled power system model, communication system model and agent model. It also utilizes MAS-based DCC for processing information of primary and secondary control agents. Then, communication delays in the coupling process of each layer are calculated through hybrid computation, and the impacts of communication delay, congestion, and errors on DCC are analyzed. Finally, a simulation model is built in MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CPCM and DCC methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110644"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voltage vulnerability curves: Data-driven dynamic security assessment of voltage stability and system strength in modern power systems","authors":"Aleksandar Boričić ,&nbsp;Marjan Popov","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Power systems evolve towards more renewable and less conventional electricity supply. This, however, brings significant technical challenges, as conventional sources naturally provide system resilience. One of the key dimensions of this resilience is system strength, which is rapidly depleted with the phase-out of fossil-based synchronous generation. This paper commences by exploring the intricate steady- and dynamic-state aspects of system strength, and consequently elevated risks of voltage instability. A new holistic definition of system strength is further proposed. Considering the stability challenges of modern power systems, grid operators need to be aware of any vulnerable grid sections and dangerous operating scenarios to always ensure system security and stability. Nevertheless, the rising complexity of modelling and analysis of dynamics in modern power systems makes this task increasingly challenging. The large number of grid locations with complex inverter-based generation and load, paired with parameter uncertainty, make deterministic analytical analyses of voltage stability and system strength increasingly challenging and time-consuming. A novel data-driven voltage stability and system strength assessment method, termed Voltage Vulnerability Curves (VVCs), is hereby proposed to address these challenges. The method is designed to cut through the complexity of modern power systems’ dynamics and provide advanced system strength and voltage vulnerability insights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110636"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate detection of critical LLFs and LGFs in PV arrays based on deep reinforcement learning using proximal policy optimization (PPO)","authors":"Sherko Salehpour ,&nbsp;Aref Eskandari ,&nbsp;Amir Nedaei ,&nbsp;Mohammad Gholami ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Aghaei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Critical line-to-line faults (LLFs) and line-to-ground faults (LGFs) in photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most difficult faults to detect not only by conventional protection devices, but also modern fault detection schemes. The difficulty occurs due to critical mismatch levels and/or high fault impedance values which result in LLFs and LGFs remain undetected thus damaging the PV components, affecting system stability, reliability, and efficiency, and even leading to catastrophic fire hazards. However, challenges persist even in recent studies, including the need for a massive training dataset, disregard of fault severity assessment, and insufficient model accuracy. To address these challenges, the present paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based model to detect, classify, and assess the severity of all and specifically critical LLFs and LGFs in PV arrays using the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm. Additionally, to carry out the dataset dimensionality reduction, thus simplifying the training process, a two-stage feature engineering process has been implemented, including a feature importance finding stage using the permutation technique and a feature selection stage. To implement the proposed model and verify its capability in real-life condition, a laboratory PV system has been carefully designed. The results of the real-world experiment shows that the proposed model is able to detect LLFs and LGFs, under various environmental (temperature and irradiance), and electrical (mismatch and impedance) conditions with outstanding 100% of accuracy in the test process, using only a small training dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110661"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}