{"title":"Optimizing peak-shaving cooperation among electric vehicle charging stations: A two-tier optimal dispatch strategy considering load demand response potential","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increase in the grid connection of electric vehicles (EVs) provides great potential for peak load regulation and valley filling of the grid. In order to solve the challenges brought by the integration of new energy vehicles into the power grid and give full play to the potential of EV demand response, this paper proposes a two-layer optimal dispatch strategy for the “distribution network-charging station” system. First, assess EV load demand response potential. The research area is divided into different functional areas by using the data of urban interest points, and the travel habits of users are analyzed by using EV driving data. On this basis, considering the influencing factors such as EV battery capacity (SOC), charging electricity price and spatial characteristics, the EV load response potential evaluation model is constructed by integrating user electricity price response and charging power response. Secondly, taking the evaluation value of EV response potential as the range of load adjustment, in order to optimizing peak-shaving cooperation among EV charging stations and obtaining the peak-shaving measures of each charging station, a “distribution network-charging station” double-layer optimal dispatch is carried out. The upper-level distribution network scheduling aims at minimizing the unfinished peak shaving rate and distribution network loss, and optimizes the scheduling power allocation of the peak tasks of each charging station. The lower-level charging station scheduling is based on the principle of maximizing user charging satisfaction and charging station economic benefits, and completes the peak-shaving scheduling determined by the superior. Finally, the strategy is applied in a specific area of Shaanxi Province, and the scheduling results show that the strategy is more economically feasible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004496/pdfft?md5=74614e367502e647f67d2f1f98066e0f&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004496-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Data-driven two-stage scheduling of multi-energy systems for operational flexibility enhancement","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The multi-energy system, encompassing electricity networks, district heating networks (DHNs), and hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) networks, provides an alternative for enhancing operational flexibility. This paper investigates a data-driven two-stage scheduling strategy of multi-energy system to promote uncertain renewable energy integration and improve economic benefits. Dynamic models for DHNs and HCNG networks are established, and the flexibility of multi-energy system is quantified through distribution-level power aggregation. To compromise flexibility enhancement and operational cost reduction, the multiobjective day-ahead scheduling optimization is conducted based on adaptive batch-ParEGO method. Taking day-ahead scheduling as a baseline, a data-driven real-time dispatch method is proposed based on the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm, which adaptively modifies the energy management scheme in smaller temporal dimension to address uncertainties on both the load and source sides. The performance of the proposed two-stage scheduling method is demonstrated through numerical tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004514/pdfft?md5=edcbe735effbcab69dfead34e0c8b710&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004514-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on cooperative operation optimization method of internet data center alliance considering diversified flexibility","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rapid development of large-scale internet data center in China, the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality has put forward higher requirements for low-carbon economic operation of internet data center. Considering complementary advantages among internet data centers, this paper proposes a cooperative operation optimization method of internet data center alliance based on diversified flexibility. Firstly, a cooperative operation structure of alliance considering electricity and carbon trading between members was built, as well as the diversified flexibility model considering carbon capture and power to gas device. Then, a cooperative optimization operation model of alliance was constructed based on Nash bargaining theory, and the allocation of cooperation benefit among members can be realized based on electrical carbon contribution rate. In order to improve solution convergence, the alternating direction multiplier method is improved by penalty factor updating and correction factor modeling method. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the demonstration project of “East Data and West Computing” in Qingyang, Gansu, China, and the trial run results are consistent with the theory analysis. On the one hand, the diversified flexibility and the electricity and carbon trading between members can effectively reduce the total cost and carbon emissions of alliance. On the other hand, the cooperation benefits distribution strategy based on the electrical carbon contribution rate can effectively enhance enthusiasm of members to participate in alliance. The improved alternating direction multiplier method can achieve distributed optimization of alliance, protect the privacy of each member, and has good convergence and scalability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004447/pdfft?md5=e3748d4921338248934260045fe1c5ca&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004447-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A minimal-communication control scheme of series-parallel microgrids for power sharing and frequency synchronization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a minimal-communication control scheme for series-parallel microgrids to achieve power-sharing and frequency synchronization. The proposed method involves the first distributed generators (DGs) in each string exchanging information with its neighbors using low bandwidth communication to reach a consensus. The other DGs achieve convergence through droop or inverse droop control in a communication-free manner. The proposed control scheme offers several key advantages: 1) Only the first DGs in each string exchange information using low bandwidth communication, while other DGs operate in a decentralized manner. The proposed method is a minimal communication approach. 2) The frequency synchronization is obtained under RL and RC loads. 3) Precise power sharing is achieved by regulating the output voltage amplitudes. Meanwhile, the load voltage quality is guaranteed. Furthermore, the stability analysis based on the root locus method has been demonstrated. Finally, simulations have validated the feasibility of the proposed approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004393/pdfft?md5=30a760a1bf6e998d857a58fc866fe8ab&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004393-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modelling and operation control of a novel hybrid-pressure integrated hydrogen storage energy power device using COG","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To solve the problem of unbalanced power supply and demand caused by the large-scale integration of intermittent renewable energy sources, this study presents a novel type of power device that integrates hydrogen energy storage. First, the composition and operation principle of the integrated hydrogen energy storage power device (IHESPD) are introduced. Then, the causal ordering graph is used to establish three sub-models of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and power generation of the IHESPD. Based on this foundation, a control-oriented electrochemistry model of the IHESPD is developed by connecting the inputs and outputs of each sub-model. Next, to ensure the stable operation of the IHESPD, a simple power and hydrogen flow control strategy is proposed considering the operation characteristics. In addition, according to the characteristics of the compressor map, high- and low-pressure hybrid hydrogen storage is used to improve the efficiency of compressed hydrogen storage. Finally, the effectiveness of the IHESPD is tested by conducting real-time hardware-in-the-loop experiments using RT-LAB. In the test case, the average efficiency of compressed hydrogen storage obtained is approximately 67%, with a minimum efficiency of 50%. Further, the average operating efficiency of the integrated power device is 35.89%. Compared with the single pressure hydrogen storage, the average operating efficiency is increased by more than 23.6% (23.6–28.3%) and the minimum operating efficiency is increased by more than 51% (51–400%).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014206152400437X/pdfft?md5=073bdf97cf9f73aa3add8fc35aa75bc1&pid=1-s2.0-S014206152400437X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A virtual-filter-based stability enhancement control for grid-connected converter in DC microgrids under unbalanced grid conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>DC microgrids, considered building blocks of smart grid technologies, are subjected to small-signal instability due to the extensive introduction of power electronics devices. Therefore, in this paper, a sequence Virtual Filter (VF) controller, which considers not only the longitudinal virtual parameters but also the lateral capacitance and resistance, is first developed to increase the flexibility of system stability adjustment compared to the Virtual Impedance (VI) controller. Then, as distribution feeders are normally unbalanced and the application of the proposed sequence VF controller may amplify the distortion of imbalances on DC voltage, a novel Reference Current Generation (RCG) strategy considering the VF controller is proposed for Grid-Connected Converter (GCC) to improve DC microgrid power quality. The double-frequency fluctuation of the DC-link voltage is eliminated by regulating the oscillation of the active power flowing into the converter instead of the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) to 0. The PSCAD simulation results illustrate that the sequence VF controller can enhance the stability adjustment since, in some cases, the system can only be stabilized by adjusting lateral parameters. On the other hand, the proposed RCG strategy can significantly reduce DC voltage fluctuations compared to the traditional approach. Furthermore, incorporating the proposed strategy with the sequence VF controller offers greater flexibility in reducing the negative-sequence current while maintaining a power transfer capacity for GCCs in a master–slave-based DC microgrid, comparable to that of the traditional strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004459/pdfft?md5=ae4ccf96b8bbf7c9e65f14be06da9713&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004459-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel methodology for day-ahead buildings energy demand forecasting to provide flexibility services in energy markets","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In future smart grid environment, local energy markets will become a reality to provide flexibility. Consequently, it will be essential not only to implement accurate energy consumption forecasters at the building level to determine which buildings can provide the required flexibility, but also at an aggregated level to anticipate power system boundary conditions. Thus, both forecasters play a key role in supporting the reliable and secure operation of smart grids and developing future demand response strategies. Although there is a piece of literature that addressed energy demand forecasting for day-ahead horizons, proposed algorithms only focused on improving accuracy neglecting energy markets technical boundary conditions. This study presents a novel methodology based on random forest machine learning algorithm to predict day-ahead energy demand at individual buildings with a 15-minute resolution. Furthermore, an analysis has been conducted to assess whether the application of time-series decomposition techniques or shape factors can enhance the accuracy of the proposed methodology. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is effective and accurate, exhibiting a MAPE of 10.77% – 31.52% and an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.51–0.70 for individual buildings. These findings demonstrate the potential of the methodology for future energy markets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004289/pdfft?md5=c5d17de6c4fd3db90fd38c95fd030011&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004289-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hybrid particle swarm optimization approach for explicit flexibility procurement in distribution network planning","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexibility services enable distribution system operators to actively manage the grid for accommodating demand and generation growth while potentially reducing or delaying investments in grid reinforcements. This paper proposes a novel hybrid particle swarm optimization and linear programming methodology that analyzes explicit flexibility procurement as an alternative to conventional network reinforcements in electricity distribution network planning. The distribution system planning problem is decomposed into a master problem and an inner problem. Binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) is used to determine the optimal investment decisions, binary variables, from a set of candidate grid reinforcements in the master problem. At the inner linear programming optimization problem, a market-based procurement of flexibility services is performed. The inner optimization problem obtains the total cost of flexibility and the volume of flexibility at each network bus required to defer or avoid part of the grid reinforcements. A real 500-bus medium voltage network is used to validate the proposed methodology. Results illustrate cost-effective network plans that combine flexibility procurement with network reinforcements. A sensitivity to the cost and availability of flexibility services is also conducted to calculate the thresholds where flexibility becomes an efficient alternative to reinforcing the network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004368/pdfft?md5=90ef30a0ab20dee9c6991f8a80b18ebc&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004368-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization method for power supply and demand balance in new power systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The large amount of source and load uncertainty in new power systems poses challenges to the optimization of power supply and demand balance. The traditional optimization methods have not fully considered the uncertainty characteristics of different sources and loads. In this regard, a supply–demand balance optimization method based on ISAO-BiTCN-BiGRU-SA-IPBLS is proposed. Firstly, the ISAO algorithm is introduced into the hyperparameter optimization of BiTCN-BiGRU-SA, and the source and load interval prediction method based on LINMAP selection is proposed. Afterwards, a multi-objective optimization method for power supply and demand balance based on two-stage robust optimization is proposed. The first stage takes the daily planned output of adjustable power sources as the optimization variable, with daily operating cost, renewable energy delivery rate, and maximum loss in extreme scenarios as the optimization objectives. The second stage takes the daily operation of energy storage as the optimization variable and minimizes the maximum loss in the extreme scenario as the optimization objective. Finally, the method is applied to the county-level new power system in Hunan Province, China. The results show that the MAPE of the load and PV point prediction results in this work decreases by 13.43 % and 16.93 % after introducing the ISAO, respectively. Compared with the traditional Gaussian method, the Euclidean distance of error indicators between the load/PV interval prediction results in this work and the ideal results at an 85 % confidence interval decreases by 53.19 %/100 %. Compared with the traditional optimization method only considering economy, the work’s method improves the renewable energy delivery rate by 0.10 and 0.02 respectively, and reduces the maximum loss in extreme scenarios by 76.75 % and 3.62 % respectively on the maximum load day and maximum renewable energy output day.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004253/pdfft?md5=dfc6527c9b209a5a79f1b14f9cc15bac&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A decomposition-based approach to European electricity market clearing","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work proposes a methodology to calculate the price of the single pan-European day-ahead electricity market through an iterative process between the markets of two zones: the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe. The motivation for this decomposition-based market clearing procedure is twofold: on the one hand, the two zones considered are weakly connected, due to the peninsular nature of Iberia, electrically connected to the rest of Europe only through the few tie-lines between Spain and France; on the other hand, the types of bids and related constraints are quite heterogeneous in both areas. The proposed algorithm has shown to provide virtually the same results as the official EU Pan-European Hybrid Electricity Market Integration Algorithm (EUPHEMIA), while improving convergence rates and often reducing solution times. The aim is not to replace EUPHEMIA, but rather to provide a more robust alternative that can be run in parallel, capable of providing a solution in cases of difficult convergence caused by the interactions of the complex constraints arising in the markets involved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004137/pdfft?md5=312887327e28d2c18fac90963fbf450f&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}