International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems最新文献

Green-fitting scheduling equilibrium model of virtual power plant based on cooperative game with improved shapley value under new-type power system 新型电力系统下基于改进shapley值合作博弈的虚拟电厂绿色拟合调度平衡模型

IF 5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110704

Shuo Zhang , Luming Pang , Yingzi Li , Yuanli Chen , Kangxiang Li , Meixia Zheng

{"title":"Green-fitting scheduling equilibrium model of virtual power plant based on cooperative game with improved shapley value under new-type power system","authors":"Shuo Zhang , Luming Pang , Yingzi Li , Yuanli Chen , Kangxiang Li , Meixia Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The new-type power system serves as a basic support for achieving the dual carbon goals of China. Simultaneously, the virtual power plant (VPP) emerges as a significant mode for aggregating decentralized resources on the demand side, which has a guaranteed role in the safe and green operation of the new-type power system. This paper firstly analyzes the green operation framework of VPP, which includes photovoltaic, distributed wind power, gas turbine, energy storage and load. Furthermore, considering the economic characteristics and green consumption characteristics of VPP, a dual-objective optimization scheduling model is constructed, aiming to maximize the VPP’s revenue and achieve the highest green-fitting degree between the VPP’s external power purchase curve and the green energy output curve in the power grid. To solve the model effectively, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm has been employed. Then, the improved Shapley value method is applied to realize the fair and reasonable distribution of VPP internal income. Finally, the validity of the model is verified by comparative scenarios and sensitivity analysis on the fluctuations of wind and photovoltaic power and Time-of-Use electricity price is conducted. The results show that considering both profits and green-fitting degree objectives can enhance the activity of VPP’s internal members and the overall revenue of the VPP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110704"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A single-ended protection scheme for the hybrid MTDC power grid using traveling wave peak-to-decline ratio 基于行波峰降比的MTDC混合电网单端保护方案

IF 5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110702

Zijiang Wang , Zhaoyi Zhang , Jianbin Fan , Xinyue Zheng , Youping Fan

{"title":"A single-ended protection scheme for the hybrid MTDC power grid using traveling wave peak-to-decline ratio","authors":"Zijiang Wang , Zhaoyi Zhang , Jianbin Fan , Xinyue Zheng , Youping Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC) power grids, boundary elements may not exist at the transmission line terminal, which makes traditional traveling wave protection schemes unsuitable. Furthermore, most traveling wave protection schemes require a high sampling frequency to detect the traveling wave heads and are not sensitive to the high-resistance ground fault. To solve these problems, a single-ended protection scheme using the traveling wave peak-to-decline ratio is proposed in this research. The 1-mode traveling wave propagation characteristics of different measuring points are first analyzed. Then, the peak-to-decline ratio and the change value of the 1-mode traveling wave are applied to construct the fault line identification criterion at the end of the DC line and the common point between two DC lines, respectively. Finally, the proposed protection scheme is verified by a hybrid three-terminal HVDC power grid. Results show that the proposed protection scheme only requires a 10 kHz sampling frequency, and the ground fault with 800 Ω fault resistance or 40 dB noise interference can be identified correctly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110702"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Setting group-based adaptive coordination of overcurrent and distance relays considering changes in grid topology 考虑电网拓扑变化的过流和距离继电器组自适应协调设置

IF 5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110712

Hossein Mohammadi , Reza Mohammadi Chabanloo , Mahdi Ghotbi-Maleki

{"title":"Setting group-based adaptive coordination of overcurrent and distance relays considering changes in grid topology","authors":"Hossein Mohammadi , Reza Mohammadi Chabanloo , Mahdi Ghotbi-Maleki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changes in electric network topology, such as line outages, alter fault currents, potentially causing mis-coordination among protective relays. This paper presents an adaptive protection scheme for coordinating overcurrent relays (OCRs) and distance relays (DSRs) using setting groups. The proposed method adjusts group settings in response to line outages, employing a metaheuristic optimization algorithm to cluster possible network topologies into setting groups and determine optimal characteristic curves. Nested within this framework, linear programming algorithm solves a sub-problem to compute optimal time multiplier settings for OCRs. The objective function of the linear programming is designed to prevent the excessive clustering of topologies into a limited number of setting groups, addressing a common limitation of optimization-based clustering. Simulation results indicate that employing comprehensive settings across all network topologies either results in mis-coordination or significantly increases OCR operating times. In contrast, the proposed method achieves complete coordination across all topologies by optimizing characteristic curves, demonstrating superior performance over conventional approaches. Evaluated on the IEEE 8-bus and 30-bus test systems, this approach eliminates mis-coordination and markedly reduces the objective function value compared to existing methods, confirming its effectiveness for adaptive OCR-DSR coordination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110712"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Probabilistic scheduling of microgrid resilience: Integrating renewables, storages and demand response in unit commitment and reconfiguration 微电网弹性的概率调度：将可再生能源、存储和需求响应整合到单元承诺和重构中

IF 5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110710

Dariush Sharafi Lari , Mehdi Nafar , Ali Reza Abbasi , Bahman Bahmani-Firouzi

{"title":"Probabilistic scheduling of microgrid resilience: Integrating renewables, storages and demand response in unit commitment and reconfiguration","authors":"Dariush Sharafi Lari , Mehdi Nafar , Ali Reza Abbasi , Bahman Bahmani-Firouzi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microgrids are essential for ensuring reliable electricity supply, especially during grid outages or extreme events. However, integrating renewable energy sources, managing fluctuating load demands, and addressing uncertainties in electricity prices introduce significant challenges in maintaining system resilience. This paper introduces a novel probabilistic scheduling framework for simultaneous unit commitment and network reconfiguration, integrating renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and demand response programs into a unified optimization model. The framework explicitly addresses uncertainties related to renewable generation, load demand, and electricity prices, ensuring robust decision-making under real-world conditions. Additionally, the model incorporates emergency load curtailment contracts and adaptive load shedding to enhance resilience during critical conditions. The microgrid under study comprises wind turbines, micro-turbines, and battery storage systems, serving both critical and non-critical loads. The pelican optimization algorithm is employed as a solution tool to solve the optimization problem efficiently. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in microgrid performance, stability, and resilience, particularly under extreme conditions. By addressing critical research gaps in the integration of unit commitment, reconfiguration, and demand response, this study provides a comprehensive and adaptive solution for optimizing microgrid operations. The findings offer valuable insights for energy system planners and policymakers aiming to develop resilient and sustainable energy infrastructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110710"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mathematical Modeling of Passive Techniques Designed for PT Ferroresonance Suppression PT铁谐振抑制被动技术的数学建模

IF 5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110699

H. Tahami fard, S. Seyedtabaii

{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of Passive Techniques Designed for PT Ferroresonance Suppression","authors":"H. Tahami fard, S. Seyedtabaii","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferroresonance often inflicts severe damage on electrical equipment like potential transformers (PTs), surge arresters, and circuit breakers. In this paper, a new passive (P) technique using Cex (external parallel capacitor) is proposed and its performance is compared with the methods using Rex (parallel resistor), MOA (metal oxide arrester), Cn (grounding capacitance), Rn (grounding resistance), and Rcb (parallel to CB resistor) components. The mathematical models of the approaches are derived and their bifurcation diagrams for the peak voltage versus the method parameter are computed. The results indicate that the Rex, Rn, Cn, and Cex designs can effectively suppress the ferroresonance and limit the peak voltage to less than safe 2pu. However, since the Rex, Rn, and Cn methods disrupt the PT’s normal operation, those cannot be installed permanently and must be triggered by a ferroresonance detection module (FDM). Besides, the heat generated by the Rex and Rn methods is considered another disadvantage. As a result, the proposed Cex method with no heat generation, availability at power stations and not requiring FDM viewed as a prime choice. It is also shown that the level of the input voltage (E) that the method, under any initial conditions, can tolerate increases by the C<sub>Tx</sub>/C<sub>s</sub> ratio. The study was verified through numerous simulations where some have been presented as evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110699"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fault location scheme of HVDC converter based on fault loop analysis 基于故障环分析的高压直流变流器故障定位方案

IF 5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110701

Dalin Mu , Guo Lei , Tingwei Xu , Haiqiang Zhang , Xiaopeng Li , Sheng Lin

{"title":"Fault location scheme of HVDC converter based on fault loop analysis","authors":"Dalin Mu , Guo Lei , Tingwei Xu , Haiqiang Zhang , Xiaopeng Li , Sheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to solve the problem that multiple faults in the converter area will trigger the valve short-circuit protection action, and the fault location cannot be directly located according to the protection action result, a novel converter fault location method based on fault loop analysis is proposed. The fault characteristics of electrical quantity of 11 kinds of faults in the converter area under the valve short-circuit protection action are analyzed. It was found that the spatiotemporal difference of current and voltage under the converter valve blocking state is obvious when the faults occur in different locations. Based on this, a location criterion based on the integral feature of electrical quantity is designed to identify the fault positions in the converter area. The simulation model of a ± 800 kV UHVDC system is established. The verification results show that the proposed fault location method can accurately locate 11 typical faults in the converter area, which including AC side grounding/short-circuit faults, valve arm short-circuit faults, DC side grounding/short-circuit faults. The proposed method does not need to add additional measurement points, which has obvious engineering application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110701"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Game-Theoretic approach for deep valley pricing strategy in the demand side 需求侧深谷定价策略的博弈论方法

IF 5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110708

Meiling Ma , Dong Han , Hengyu Ren , Yanbing Jia

{"title":"A Game-Theoretic approach for deep valley pricing strategy in the demand side","authors":"Meiling Ma , Dong Han , Hengyu Ren , Yanbing Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The introduction of large-scale renewable energy will inevitably bring significant challenges to the security and stability of power systems. Toward this end, this paper proposes a demand-side deep valley pricing (DVP) model based on game theory. First, we conduct the fuzzy affiliation-based deep valley period division by Fuzzy C Means (FCM). Subsequently, we leverage the Bayesian discriminant method to calculate the posterior probability of results to verify the proposed division method. The model incorporates a game-theoretic framework, elucidating dynamics between electric users and the utility company within the proposed DVP pricing regimen. In addition, the utility function of participators is calculated through the fluctuation of user demand load, and the Nash equilibrium (NE) is obtained using the inverse induction method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed DVP pricing strategy is validated by the simulation results, which can reduce the peak-to-valley difference of the load curve and promote the characteristics of users’ electricity consumption behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110708"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An interpretable machine learning method for fault diagnosis of oil-immersed transformers based on edge inference 基于边缘推理的可解释机器学习油浸变压器故障诊断方法

IF 5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110647

Dong Hu , Yong Yang , Hao Dai , Chao Tang , Jufang Xie

{"title":"An interpretable machine learning method for fault diagnosis of oil-immersed transformers based on edge inference","authors":"Dong Hu , Yong Yang , Hao Dai , Chao Tang , Jufang Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intelligent diagnostic models using dissolved gas analysis are crucial for oil-immersed transformer fault diagnosis. However, the inherent “black box” nature of these models limits interpretability, and traditional methods that upload local data to central servers raise data security concerns. To address these issues, this study proposes an interpretable fault diagnosis model for edge deployment. First, a filtered feature extraction algorithm based on real domain rough set theory is proposed to optimize feature extraction before model input. Experimental results demonstrate that this algorithm enhances model performance and reduces inference time at the edge-end. Second, the hyperparameters of Extreme Gradient Boosting are automatically tuned using the Newton–Raphson optimizer. Compared with other diagnostic methods, the proposed model yields superior classification effect accuracy. Following edge-end inference, the SHapley Additive exPlanations method is employed to analyze feature impact on diagnostic results, visualizing the significance of different characteristic gases for fault types using SHAP values. Finally, the model’s robustness, reliability, and interpretability are validated through real cases, providing practical insights for transformer operation and maintenance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Configuration and dimension optimization of active power Filter in distribution networks using a Multi-Strategy improved algorithm 基于多策略改进算法的配电网有源滤波器配置与尺寸优化

IF 5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110677

Tang Bo , Liang Haidong , Yue Xiwen , Zhu Ruijin

{"title":"Configuration and dimension optimization of active power Filter in distribution networks using a Multi-Strategy improved algorithm","authors":"Tang Bo , Liang Haidong , Yue Xiwen , Zhu Ruijin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing integration of electric vehicles, smart grids, and power electronics in power systems, harmonic distortion is becoming a pressing concern, degrading power quality and causing equipment issues that may lead to grid failures. Active Power Filters (APF) are extensively used in the field of harmonic suppression to proactively compensate for grid distortion caused by harmonic variations. In order to optimize the layout and capacity of APF connected to the grid, this paper proposes a hybrid Improved algorithm for the economic optimization of APF configurations. Initially, based on Beluga Whale Optimization, a multi-strategy Improved algorithm is introduced, and through verification on benchmark test functions, this method effectively improves convergence speed and accuracy. Subsequently, to achieve economically optimal conditions while meeting IEEE 519 standards, IBWO is employed to search for the installation positions and capacities of APF. Through practical validation, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of each bus before APF installation exceeds 5%, and after optimization configuration, the THD of each bus falls below 5%. This significantly reduces grid distortion, meeting the standards for grid operation. The proposed method effectively ensures the safe and stable operation of the grid and equipment while providing reference for economically efficient configurations in other domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110677"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal operation for hybrid AC and DC systems under typhoon disaster considering branch switching and frequency security 台风灾害下考虑支路切换和频率安全的交直流混合系统优化运行

IF 5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110693

Changfeng Liao , Li He , Zhuangxi Tan , Bin Xie , Yong Li , Chaoyang Chen , Yijia Cao

{"title":"Optimal operation for hybrid AC and DC systems under typhoon disaster considering branch switching and frequency security","authors":"Changfeng Liao , Li He , Zhuangxi Tan , Bin Xie , Yong Li , Chaoyang Chen , Yijia Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore wind power offers significant advantages, including abundant wind resources; however, coastal power grids are vulnerable to damage from natural disasters such as typhoons. To address this issue, this paper proposes an optimal operation method for hybrid AC/DC systems with voltage source converters (VSCs) during extreme events. The model incorporates topology optimization to handle continuous structural changes in the system caused by such events. Frequency security constraints that are compatible with topology optimization are introduced to ensure system stability during extreme conditions, where low inertia and power imbalance are prominent issues. Considering the uncertainty and temporal sequence of extreme events, a rolling optimization approach is employed to derive the optimal scheduling for each period. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated using two hybrid AC/DC systems of different sizes. The results confirm that by simultaneously considering topology optimization and frequency security constraints, both economic efficiency and system security can be significantly improved.</div><div>© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110693"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0