{"title":"A virtual-filter-based stability enhancement control for grid-connected converter in DC microgrids under unbalanced grid conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>DC microgrids, considered building blocks of smart grid technologies, are subjected to small-signal instability due to the extensive introduction of power electronics devices. Therefore, in this paper, a sequence Virtual Filter (VF) controller, which considers not only the longitudinal virtual parameters but also the lateral capacitance and resistance, is first developed to increase the flexibility of system stability adjustment compared to the Virtual Impedance (VI) controller. Then, as distribution feeders are normally unbalanced and the application of the proposed sequence VF controller may amplify the distortion of imbalances on DC voltage, a novel Reference Current Generation (RCG) strategy considering the VF controller is proposed for Grid-Connected Converter (GCC) to improve DC microgrid power quality. The double-frequency fluctuation of the DC-link voltage is eliminated by regulating the oscillation of the active power flowing into the converter instead of the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) to 0. The PSCAD simulation results illustrate that the sequence VF controller can enhance the stability adjustment since, in some cases, the system can only be stabilized by adjusting lateral parameters. On the other hand, the proposed RCG strategy can significantly reduce DC voltage fluctuations compared to the traditional approach. Furthermore, incorporating the proposed strategy with the sequence VF controller offers greater flexibility in reducing the negative-sequence current while maintaining a power transfer capacity for GCCs in a master–slave-based DC microgrid, comparable to that of the traditional strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004459/pdfft?md5=ae4ccf96b8bbf7c9e65f14be06da9713&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004459-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel methodology for day-ahead buildings energy demand forecasting to provide flexibility services in energy markets","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In future smart grid environment, local energy markets will become a reality to provide flexibility. Consequently, it will be essential not only to implement accurate energy consumption forecasters at the building level to determine which buildings can provide the required flexibility, but also at an aggregated level to anticipate power system boundary conditions. Thus, both forecasters play a key role in supporting the reliable and secure operation of smart grids and developing future demand response strategies. Although there is a piece of literature that addressed energy demand forecasting for day-ahead horizons, proposed algorithms only focused on improving accuracy neglecting energy markets technical boundary conditions. This study presents a novel methodology based on random forest machine learning algorithm to predict day-ahead energy demand at individual buildings with a 15-minute resolution. Furthermore, an analysis has been conducted to assess whether the application of time-series decomposition techniques or shape factors can enhance the accuracy of the proposed methodology. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is effective and accurate, exhibiting a MAPE of 10.77% – 31.52% and an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.51–0.70 for individual buildings. These findings demonstrate the potential of the methodology for future energy markets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004289/pdfft?md5=c5d17de6c4fd3db90fd38c95fd030011&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004289-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hybrid particle swarm optimization approach for explicit flexibility procurement in distribution network planning","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexibility services enable distribution system operators to actively manage the grid for accommodating demand and generation growth while potentially reducing or delaying investments in grid reinforcements. This paper proposes a novel hybrid particle swarm optimization and linear programming methodology that analyzes explicit flexibility procurement as an alternative to conventional network reinforcements in electricity distribution network planning. The distribution system planning problem is decomposed into a master problem and an inner problem. Binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) is used to determine the optimal investment decisions, binary variables, from a set of candidate grid reinforcements in the master problem. At the inner linear programming optimization problem, a market-based procurement of flexibility services is performed. The inner optimization problem obtains the total cost of flexibility and the volume of flexibility at each network bus required to defer or avoid part of the grid reinforcements. A real 500-bus medium voltage network is used to validate the proposed methodology. Results illustrate cost-effective network plans that combine flexibility procurement with network reinforcements. A sensitivity to the cost and availability of flexibility services is also conducted to calculate the thresholds where flexibility becomes an efficient alternative to reinforcing the network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004368/pdfft?md5=90ef30a0ab20dee9c6991f8a80b18ebc&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004368-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization method for power supply and demand balance in new power systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The large amount of source and load uncertainty in new power systems poses challenges to the optimization of power supply and demand balance. The traditional optimization methods have not fully considered the uncertainty characteristics of different sources and loads. In this regard, a supply–demand balance optimization method based on ISAO-BiTCN-BiGRU-SA-IPBLS is proposed. Firstly, the ISAO algorithm is introduced into the hyperparameter optimization of BiTCN-BiGRU-SA, and the source and load interval prediction method based on LINMAP selection is proposed. Afterwards, a multi-objective optimization method for power supply and demand balance based on two-stage robust optimization is proposed. The first stage takes the daily planned output of adjustable power sources as the optimization variable, with daily operating cost, renewable energy delivery rate, and maximum loss in extreme scenarios as the optimization objectives. The second stage takes the daily operation of energy storage as the optimization variable and minimizes the maximum loss in the extreme scenario as the optimization objective. Finally, the method is applied to the county-level new power system in Hunan Province, China. The results show that the MAPE of the load and PV point prediction results in this work decreases by 13.43 % and 16.93 % after introducing the ISAO, respectively. Compared with the traditional Gaussian method, the Euclidean distance of error indicators between the load/PV interval prediction results in this work and the ideal results at an 85 % confidence interval decreases by 53.19 %/100 %. Compared with the traditional optimization method only considering economy, the work’s method improves the renewable energy delivery rate by 0.10 and 0.02 respectively, and reduces the maximum loss in extreme scenarios by 76.75 % and 3.62 % respectively on the maximum load day and maximum renewable energy output day.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004253/pdfft?md5=dfc6527c9b209a5a79f1b14f9cc15bac&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A decomposition-based approach to European electricity market clearing","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work proposes a methodology to calculate the price of the single pan-European day-ahead electricity market through an iterative process between the markets of two zones: the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe. The motivation for this decomposition-based market clearing procedure is twofold: on the one hand, the two zones considered are weakly connected, due to the peninsular nature of Iberia, electrically connected to the rest of Europe only through the few tie-lines between Spain and France; on the other hand, the types of bids and related constraints are quite heterogeneous in both areas. The proposed algorithm has shown to provide virtually the same results as the official EU Pan-European Hybrid Electricity Market Integration Algorithm (EUPHEMIA), while improving convergence rates and often reducing solution times. The aim is not to replace EUPHEMIA, but rather to provide a more robust alternative that can be run in parallel, capable of providing a solution in cases of difficult convergence caused by the interactions of the complex constraints arising in the markets involved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004137/pdfft?md5=312887327e28d2c18fac90963fbf450f&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiport converter evaluation for high penetration of renewable generation in distribution grids","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrical power distribution systems are experiencing a deep penetration of renewable energy integration, which is reversing the power flow during some periods and modifying their conventional operation. In this context, the curtailment of renewable distributed generation is needed to consider the electrical limitations of transformers and lines, mainly voltage deviations and power overloads. Multiport converters with energy storage stand as a potential solution for enhancing power flow operation in the distribution system and minimising renewable generation curtailments. This paper presents an optimisation-based methodology to size multiport power converters and a techno-economic comparison to other conventional approaches. The optimisation includes energy storage components and AC power flow constraints. Moreover, specific days are considered to reduce computational requirements. This methodology is evaluated in a case study based on a medium voltage benchmark network from CIGRE to identify the best scenarios where multiport converters can be considered as a potential solution. Results conclude that the multiport converter provides clear advantages and is economically viable specially in scenarios with unbalanced distributed generation in the feeders, where their rated power is around 25 MVA, or if batteries are initially installed in the feeders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004320/pdfft?md5=6134e3e592ac9cfb8660f67406aa8b9d&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004320-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on the dynamic energy conversion and transmission model of renewable energy DC off-grid hydrogen system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dynamic response characteristics between the multiple energy flows of electricity-hydrogen-heat in the renewable energy DC off-grid hydrogen production system are highly coupled and nonlinear, which leads to the complexity of its energy conversion and transmission law. This study proposes a model to describe the dynamic nonlinear energy conversion and transmission laws specific to such systems. The model develops a nonlinear admittance framework and a conversion characteristic matrix for multi-heterogeneous energy flow subsystems, based on the operational characteristics of each subsystem within the DC off-grid hydrogen production system. Building upon this foundation, an energy hub model for the hydrogen production system is established, yielding the electrical, thermal, and hydrogen energy outputs along with their respective conversion efficiencies for each subsystem. By discretizing time, the energy flow at each time node within the hydrogen production system is computed, revealing the system’s dynamic energy transfer patterns. Experiments were conducted using measured wind speed and irradiance data from a specific location in eastern China. Results from selected typical days were analyzed and discussed, revealing that subsystem characteristics exhibit nonlinear variation patterns. This highlights the limitations of traditional models in accurately capturing these dynamics. Finally, a simulation platform incorporating practical control methods was constructed to validate the model’s accuracy. Validation results demonstrate that the model possesses high accuracy, providing a solid theoretical foundation for further in-depth analysis of DC off-grid hydrogen production systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004423/pdfft?md5=5769f1dac9ba8d3ddd7821788f039439&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004423-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hybrid Spatio-Temporal scale decentralized restoration strategy for interdependent electricity and gas systems to enhance restoration efficiency and security","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ever-increasing couplings between electricity and gas systems highlight the coordinated restoration decisions for interdependent electricity and gas system (IEGS) to enhance resilience. However, the distinct timescales of power and gas flow rates as well as information privacy concern cause additional complexities in making restoration decisions, and large calculation scale and nonconvexity also results in computational obstacles. To address these issues, this paper proposes a hybrid spatio-temporal scale decentralized restoration strategy for IEGS to enhance restoration efficiency and security. First, in the spatial scale, the network sectionalizing and the restoration processes in sectionalized electricity and gas systems are coordinated in a decentralized manner with limited boundary information interactions to respect information privacy. Next, the impacts of distinct timescales of power and gas flow rates are explored to accelerate restoration, and a linear gas flow dynamics model is also proposed to capture the gas transmission dynamics with high accuracy, enhancing restoration security. Furthermore, a decomposition-based alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm is proposed to efficiently solve the proposed IEGS restoration strategy, showing good calculation time and convergence performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed restoration strategy is validated in a T118N20 test system and a real-world system, demonstrating the enhanced restoration efficiency, security alongside commendable computational performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004356/pdfft?md5=862144327f15c23cbd5ea53ae99b3157&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004356-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Internal clock errors in synchrophasor ambient data: Effects, detection, and a posteriori estimation-based correction","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Synchrophasor data from real world power systems are exposed to numerous adverse cyber-and-physical operating conditions that can negatively impact their fitness for use in PMU applications. Although the most significant impairments such as GPS loss, instrument transformer failure, data drop-off, etc., have been studied in the literature, there exist other more complex nuisances that impact PMU data quality. This is the case of differences in how clock synchronization, time disciplining, and phasor estimation is performed by different PMU vendors, which have important implications on the PMUs’ data fitness for use in PMU applications. In particular, ambient data applications, which have increasingly become a focus for tracking grid performance indicators, are extremely sensitive to periodic clock errors. Using synchrophasor and waveform data from Dominion Energy’s power system, this article provides an in-depth analysis of the effect of seemingly minor device clock errors on the measurement signals’ content. Finally, a method to distinguish clock errors from normal system dynamics and to correct them is proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004290/pdfft?md5=2286360e28800786f5abc3eae2352060&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004290-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sand cat swarm optimization based maximum power point tracking technique for photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) plays a crucial role in photovoltaic systems (PVS). In partial shading conditions (PSCs), the P-V characteristic curves of PVS exhibit multiple peaks. Traditional MPPT algorithms, like perturbation and observation (P&O), may fall into local maximum power points (LMPP) and fail to identify the global maximum power point (GMPP). To address the drawbacks of conventional optimal search algorithms, this paper introduces a bio-inspired approach named Sand Cat Swarm Optimization (SCSO) for maximizing the power output of individual PVS. The SCSO can mitigate the adverse effects of partial shadows on PVS performance by precisely identifying the GMPP. In comparison to other bio-inspired algorithms, SCSO exhibits lower complexity and higher efficiency by utilizing only one optimization parameter. SCSO’s performance is evaluated in four scenarios: uniform irradiance, complex partial shading conditions, step-varying stochastic irradiance, and gradual irradiance. A comparative analysis is conducted with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO), Crow Search Algorithm (CSA), Slap-Swarm Optimization (SSA) and P&O, focusing on factors such as high efficiency, accuracy, convergence time, and implementation simplicity. Simulation results demonstrate that, on average, the tracking time improves by 19.91%, achieving an efficiency of over 98% while maximizing energy yield. Simultaneously, experimental results indicate that the SCSO is capable of tracking to a larger power output in a shorter time, with an average tracking efficiency improvement of 3.16%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524004241/pdfft?md5=9ec01bfb0eead5132542c3a691c8a706&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524004241-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}