International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems最新文献

{"title":"A two-stage distributionally robust CVaR-constrained framework and its approximations for self-scheduling microgrid","authors":"Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinbao Jian ,&nbsp;Linfeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a two-stage distributionally robust conditional value-at-risk constrained (TS-DR-CVaR) framework and its computable approximations for the economic self-scheduling of microgrid problems considering the uncertainty of renewable energy sources and direct load control operation at different time-scales. The main challenges in solving the TS-DR-CVaR model are two-stage decision and Kullback-Leibler distributional robust output of renewable energy considering conditional value-at-risk. To overcome these challenges, first, the distributionally robust constraint of renewable energy output is computably reformulated by utilizing Jensen’s inequality and Taylor approximation theory. And then the two-stage model is reformulated as a single-stage mixed-integer linear program problem by utilizing dual-relax and McCormick relaxation methods. Finally, by controlling the risk value and confidence in the approximate TS-DR-CVaR model, the consumption of renewable energy sources can be improved, and the economic operation and security scheduling of the microgrid can be realized. Simulation results demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed approximate TS-DR-CVaR models. This framework provides a comprehensive solution to address the uncertainty of renewable energy sources in microgrids and enables both economical and robust scheduling schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 110653"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Security region mathematical modeling and analysis of renewable energy synchronous stability control and static voltage support","authors":"Xiang Tao ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianbo Xin ,&nbsp;Zaide Xu ,&nbsp;Bo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With large scale of renewable energy connected to power grid, its control for synchronous stability and static voltage support is important for the stable operation of power system. However, existing studies analyses the above two issues independently from the perspective of active power and reactive power regulation. It has not formed a set of security region analysis method and online monitoring technique comprehensively considering the line active and reactive power transmission constraint, and the renewable energy modulation constraint. This paper carries out related study. It firstly reviews the main conclusions on the renewable energy synchronous stability control and static voltage support. Then it derives the mathematical expression of renewable energy static grid-connected control boundaries, including the work point trajectory, the renewable energy modulation limit, etc. Based on this, the security region of renewable energy control is derived under different power grid conditions and different control modes, and the formulas for calculating the maximum power point, maximum current, etc. are given. The analysis conclusion would provide an important theoretical basis for the design of renewable energy stable control and online monitoring software.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110626"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel principle of frequency characteristics-based current differential protection for outgoing lines of wind farms","authors":"Bingran Wang,&nbsp;Zengping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of renewable energy sources, conventional power frequency-based protection schemes face performance decrease problems. Studying the transient characteristics of faults is crucial for increasing the protection performance for outgoing lines of wind farms. In this paper, the transient dominant frequency component of the fault differential current in the outgoing line is quantitatively analyzed based on the lumped parameter line equivalent method and the frequency impedance of the wind farm. At the initial stage of fault transient, a novel principle of current differential protection within a 5 ms fault window is proposed using the composition difference between the dominant frequency component and power frequency component in external and internal faults. Afterwards, based on the time–frequency analysis method of wavelet transform, the power frequency component and the transient dominant frequency component are calculated and considered as the action and braking energies, respectively. The composition of the frequency band for energy calculation is then optimized based on the characteristics of the wind farm outgoing line. This allows to significantly improve the sensitivity and reliability of the protection. Finally, the proposed scheme is evaluated through PSCAD simulation and dynamic experiment. The results of the dynamic experiment, which relies on physical models, demonstrated the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the high performance of the proposed protection scheme. The experiment results show that the proposed protection scheme, which is not affected by the CT saturation and requires sampling frequency of only 10 kHz, can identify internal faults in 6–7 ms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110645"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast computation of electro-thermal coupling field of ± 400 kV converter transformer valve side bushing based on proper orthogonal decomposition method","authors":"Zhilin Chu ,&nbsp;Qingyu Wang ,&nbsp;Huidong Tian ,&nbsp;Siyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhijie Gao ,&nbsp;Songbo Tian ,&nbsp;Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Zongren Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The digital twin technology plays a crucial role in enabling the intelligent operation and maintenance of power equipment, as well as facilitating the digital transformation of the power industry. High voltage (HV) converter transformer valve side bushing is a critical equipment in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission projects and the coupling effect of its multi-physical fields determine the operation state of the equipment. Therefore, there is an immediate necessity to develop key digital twin technology for HV bushings, allowing for real-time monitoring of multiple physical field to support their reliable operation. The paper adopts the finite element method to construct a model for electro-thermal coupling field of the converter transformer valve side bushing. By solving electro-thermal coupling finite element equations, snapshots are obtained and electro-thermal coupling field of the bushing is efficiently computed using singular value decomposition and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The results demonstrate that electro-thermal coupling field distribution obtained through the reduced-order model closely matches that computed by commercial software, significantly reducing the required computation time. This research validates the effectiveness of utilizing POD for fast computation and real-time simulation of electro-thermal coupling field of HV converter transformer valve side bushings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110617"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-time-scale joint operation method for renewable energy station, battery energy storage and flexible load under dynamic assessment of power schedule","authors":"Minghao Cao,&nbsp;Linlin Yu,&nbsp;Dong Ding,&nbsp;Peng Jia,&nbsp;Wenhao Wang,&nbsp;Yiran Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the new power system dominated by renewable energy, the grid flexibility regulation resources are increasingly scarce. Therefore, stricter assessments of the power schedules of renewable energy stations (RES) are required. This approach encourages RES to autonomously use their own battery energy storage systems (BESS) and local flexible loads (LFL) to correct power schedule deviations, thereby reducing the demand for grid flexibility regulation resources from the source. The power distribution of RES on a daily time scale exhibits high volatility, and the accuracy of RES power forecasting is low, leading to fluctuations in the scarcity of the grid flexibility regulation resources at different times. Therefore, the assessment of RES power schedules by the grid should also be dynamic. Traditional RES operation methods struggle to meet the rapidly changing assessment requirements for power schedule deviations. First, this paper establishes a dynamic assessment model for RES power schedules, where the assessment price varies across different time periods and increases with the magnitude of schedule deviations. Then, a joint operation method for RES, co-located BESS, and LFL under the dynamic assessment model is proposed, specifically including the day-ahead generation schedule declaration method and the intra-day execution method. Finally, the value realization forms of LFL and BESS under the dynamic assessment model are clarified. Based on this, evaluation metrics for the operational efficiency of the joint operation entity are established, focusing on comprehensive net profit and profit distribution ratios. The case study shows that the joint operation method for RES, co-located BESS, and LFL proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the assessment fees that RES is required to pay under the dynamic assessment model, while also increasing the total net profit of the joint operation entity. Additionally, it enables a reasonable distribution of the profits that LFL and RES should receive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110642"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bi-level Stochastic-Robust Optimal Bidding Model of Wind-Storage System in Spot Markets Considering Internal and External Uncertainties","authors":"Haowen Xu ,&nbsp;Minglei Bao ,&nbsp;Xun Yao ,&nbsp;Xiaocong Sun ,&nbsp;Yi Ding ,&nbsp;Zhenglin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing effective bidding strategies in electricity spot markets is crucial for wind-storage systems (WSS) to improve profits and mitigate risk. During real operations, the bidding strategies of WSS are significantly affected by external uncertainties and internal uncertainties. However, some existing studies only consider a single influencing factor or fail to account for the interaction between the market and participants. To address this problem, a stochastic-robust optimal bidding model (OBM) of WSS considering the combined impacts of external and internal uncertainties is proposed. The proposed model is structured as a bi-level optimization problem to reflect the interaction between WSS bidding and day-ahead market clearing. At the upper level, the bidding strategy of WSS is developed based on the market clearing results by using the stochastic-robust method to consider uncertainties. In the lower level, the clearing process of the day-ahead market is modeled to determine the clearing market price and quantity. To improve computational feasibility and robustness, the modified Column-and-Constraint Generation (C&amp;CG) algorithm is applied to solve the multi-scenario problem efficiently. To validate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed model, the paper conducts tests on the IEEE 118-bus system and a real-world large-scale system. Taking the IEEE 118-bus system as an example, compared to traditional methods, the proposed approach enables the WSS to achieve a 12% increase in average revenue and a 12.3% improvement in CVaR, indicating higher revenue with lower risk. The computation times of these two test systems are 20 min and 48 min, which can meet the requirements of practical day-ahead market operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110591"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency-constrained optimal power-gas flow with fast frequency response from power-to-gas units","authors":"Yu Liang,&nbsp;Xia Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The substantial increase in renewable energy integration has resulted in a reduction in inertia and frequency regulation resources within the power system. This reduction poses significant challenges to maintaining system frequency stability, prompting further investigation into the rapid adjustment capabilities of gas-fired units (GFUs) and power-to-gas (P2G) units, which in turn drives the advancement of integrated electricity-gas systems (IEGSs). The coupling between the power system and natural gas system presents both considerable frequency regulation resources for the power system and the frequency stability problem for IEGSs. In this context, this paper investigates the frequency-constrained optimal power-gas flow (FC-OPGF) problem from the perspective of an IEGS. The frequency regulation behaviors of P2Gs and line-pack are formulated considering their frequency support capability. To obtain the global optimum of the FC-OPGF problem, a mixed-integer linear programming-based global optimization algorithm is developed. Case studies highlight the necessity of incorporating frequency constraints in IEGS operation, alongside demonstrating the high solving efficiency and calculation accuracy of the proposed global optimization algorithm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110648"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A heuristic decomposition algorithm to optimally configure superconducting fault current limiters in Large-Scale power systems","authors":"Chuqin Wu ,&nbsp;Mingbo Liu ,&nbsp;Zihan Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuously expanding installed capacity of the power system, the ever-increasing short-circuit current hinders its secure operation and further development. Installing fault current limiters to suppress short-circuit current is very effective but expensive. Thus, transmission line switching and unit commitment are considered in operation to reduce the investment cost. This paper establishes the optimal configuration model of fault current limiters considering transmission line switching and unit commitment, which is a complex Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem. To accelerate the solution of the MILP problem, a heuristic decomposition algorithm was proposed based on Analytical Target Cascading (ATC) and a Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) algorithm, which has two stages. In the first stage, the feasible solution is constructed based on the framework of ATC and combines the idea of LNS in ATC to improve the efficiency of constructing feasible solutions. In the second stage, LNS is used to improve the feasible solution based on the decomposed sub-problem. Finally, simulations were conducted on an IEEE 118-bus and 186-branch power system and a real 727-bus and 861-branch power system. The numerical results show that for these IEEE and real systems, compared with GUROBI, the proposed algorithm is 125.7 and 10.6 times faster with only 0.04% and 0.003% higher total cost, respectively; compared with ATC, it is slightly slower with 0.2% and 0.3% lower total cost, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110606"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A linear programming-based framework of interval power flow analysis for distribution systems","authors":"Xuehan Zhang ,&nbsp;Bairong Deng ,&nbsp;Zhenning Pan ,&nbsp;Tao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interval power flow (IPF) method is widely employed to address the uncertainties of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power systems. However, limited research exists on the application of mathematical optimization-based approaches to compute IPF results. Furthermore, a comprehensive framework for analyzing the derived IPF results and formulating appropriate countermeasures is still lacking. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel linear programming-based framework of IPF analysis for distribution systems, designed to enhance IPF calculation efficiency and keep system state variables within recommended limits utilizing controllable equipment. First, a linearized IPF model is proposed to improve calculation efficiency. The over-limit of system state variables is analysed based on the IPF results. Then, A countermeasure strategy utilizing controllable equipment is proposed to maintain system security under potential extreme scenarios. The output intervals of the controllable equipment are determined as scheduling references ensuring secure operation under the uncertainties. The numerical results demonstrate that the linearized formulation computes the IPF results 6.57 times faster than the non-linear method, with insignificant calculation errors (below 0.06 % for magnitudes and 0.02° for angles). The countermeasure method can successfully keep state variables within predefined ranges and provide system operators with effective scheduling reference intervals of controllable equipment under uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110638"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel fault location method for multi-terminal transmission lines based on composite analysis of time-frequency fault traveling waves","authors":"Jupeng Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiangjun Zeng ,&nbsp;Hao Bai ,&nbsp;Kun Yu ,&nbsp;Min Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaolong She ,&nbsp;Feng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to solve the problems such as complex fault branch determination, large fault location error and low error tolerance of the existing multi-terminal transmission line (MTTL) fault location method, due to the influence of fault traveling wave (FTW) wave head (WH) time extraction accuracy and network topology structure, a novel fault location method for MTTLs based on composite analysis of time–frequency FTW is proposed. The FTW location mechanism for MTTLs is firstly revealed. According to the characteristic that the FTW natural frequency (NF) is inversely proportional to the transmission distance, the fault branch determination vector is defined, and the corresponding principle is proposed to determine the fault branch. On this basis, the multi-terminal FTW data with adaptive FTW velocity capability are surface-fitted by using the characteristic that the transmission time of FTW is directly proportional to the transmission distance, so as to achieve fault precise location. The PSCAD/EMTDC simulation and laboratory test results show that this method has a simple fault location process and high location accuracy under various fault conditions, effectively reduces the influence of harsh environment, FTW velocity inhomogeneous and WH time extraction error on the location results, and has high error tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 110600"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}