{"title":"Optimal siting and sizing of battery energy storage systems in unbalanced distribution systems: A multi objective problem under uncertainty","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper the siting and sizing problem of battery energy storage systems in unbalanced active distribution systems is formulated as a mixed-integer, non-linear, constrained multi objective (MO) optimization problem under uncertainties. The problem is cumbersome from the computational point of view due to the presence of intertemporal constraints, a great number of state variables and the presence of uncertainties in the problem input data. A new approach based on the trade-off/risk analysis is proposed to obtain with acceptable computational efforts a solution that may not be the optimal solution but represents a reasonable and robust compromise. We use the trade-off/risk analysis, because it was specifically developed for power system planning problems in which we deal with a wide range of options, with possible conflicting objectives, and with uncertainty and risk. The proposed approach includes new procedures to select an adequate set of planning alternatives to be considered in the trade-off/risk analysis framework and to assist the planning engineer when difficulties arise in setting probabilities of the input data. Numerical applications to an IEEE unbalanced test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure and indicate the best alternatives of storage systems in the range from 450 kW to 600 kW globally installed in a reduced set of nodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A low-cost strategy for systematically removing DC short-circuit currents in AC/DC-HDN","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For any practically applied AC/DC hybrid distribution network (AC/DC-HDN), the hard issue of removing DC short-circuit currents must be solved by a cost-effective scheme. However, up to now, in the most published achievements of AC/DC-HDN, the systematic scheme to address the above issue is rarely found. This paper proposes a novel strategy with a low cost for solving this problem. The proposed strategy can: (i) greatly decrease the DC short-circuit current components flowing from the AC/DC converters to the fault point, (ii) fast switch off the paths of DC short-circuit current components from DG branches to the fault point, (iii) completely block the DC short-circuit current components that feed into the fault point from the capacitors paralleled on the DC ports of load branches. Also, in this paper, a new topology of DC/DC converter with a controlled zero-current output function is proposed for fast switching off the paths of DC short-circuit current components from DG branches to the fault point. The scheme of relay protection and automatic control matching with the proposed strategy is designed. The principles of the scheme and design are explained in detail. The simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed strategy are given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Data-driven transient stability analysis using the Koopman operator","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present data-driven methods for power system transient stability analysis using a unit eigenfunction of the Koopman operator. We show that the Koopman eigenfunction with unit eigenvalue can identify the region of attraction of the post-fault stable equilibrium. We then leverage this property to estimate the critical clearing time of a fault. We provide two data-driven methods to estimate said eigenfunction; the first method utilizes time averages over long trajectories, and the second method leverages nonparametric learning of system dynamics over reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces with short bursts of state propagation. Our methods do not require explicit knowledge of the power system model, but require a simulator that can propagate states through the power system dynamics. Numerical experiments on three power system examples demonstrate the efficacy of our method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temperature-dependent state estimation based on constrained alternating optimization for three-phase power networks considering transformer parameters","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a three-phase power system state estimation method based on weighted least square criteria in which not only bus voltage phasors but also transformer parameters, i.e. its tap ratio and leakage admittance, as well as overhead transmission line conductor temperatures are considered as state variables. The method integrates the admittance matrix model of three-phase transformers and a weather dependent thermal model of the overhead transmission lines into the power system state estimation process, which is then formulated as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. A solution technique based on constrained alternating optimization, suitable for the temperature-dependent state estimation considering the transformer’s parameters, is also proposed. The state estimation optimization is divided into two constrained sub-optimization problems, which are solved alternately until convergence conditions are satisfied. A predictor–corrector interior point based algorithm is applied for solving the sub-optimization problems. Several tests on modified IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus systems configured as three-phase test systems indicate that the proposed temperature-dependent state estimation significantly outperforms traditional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coordinative optimization for wind farms considering improved fatigue load index","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the wind farm(WF), there exists a serious uneven distribution of damage equivalent load(DEL) on the wind turbine(WT), which increases the maintenance cost of wind power generation. Previous researches focus on a single objective such as the total or the standard deviation of fatigue loads for optimal control. To address these, this paper proposes a coordinative optimization by considering an improved fatigue load index. The coordinative optimization is achieved on both WF level and WT level. For WF level, a state-space model is built for the active power dispatch by utilizing small signal linearization. Then, an improved sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate the fatigue load on the component of the tower and shaft. Further, a coordinative multi-objective function is designed, which minimizes the total DEL of the WF, and balances the individual fatigue load distribution of the WT. For WT level, an adaptive internal model control is proposed to suppress both tower vibrations and torque fluctuation of the main shaft. Several experiments are performed to verify the significance of the proposed method with the weight analysis of power and load coefficient. The comparison results reveals the superiority of the coordinative optimization in restraining the total DEL of the WF, balancing WF fatigue distribution, decreasing the DEL of the single WT, and satisfying the power reference tracking simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solving the security constrained unit commitment problem: Three novel approaches","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes three novel approaches to speed up the solution of the Security Constrained Unit Commitment problem: an improvement of an active-set iterative approach taken from literature, an approach using solver callback functions for the evaluation of system and security constraints in the branch-and-bound tree, and one based on a shrinking horizon decomposition integrated with the use of callback functions. The three approaches were tested over five different case studies and compared against an approach taken from literature to assess scalability and performance. Results show that the modified iterative approach is always faster than the original one reported in the literature (between −58% and −93% run time), while the callback-based method does not reduce the computational time of large-scale instances. Finally, the shrinking-horizon-based approach was proved to be the fastest (up to −98% less time) despite not guaranteeing optimality (about 1% suboptimal).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct modulation in MMC-Based multiterminal hybrid Microgrid: A solution for arm capacitor voltage balancing under unbalanced power distribution","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising interest in hybrid alternating current (AC)/ direct current (DC) microgrids among the global research community can be attributed to the widespread adoption of distributed generation systems (DGs). Therefore, this study applies the modular multilevel converter (MMC) in interconnected microgrids to serve as an interlinking converter involving the AC and DC systems. In this topology, the MMC consists of several submodules (SMs) where a low-voltage direct current (LVDC) microgrid is connected to the output of each SM through a dual active bridge (DAB) converter. As a result of using this topology, more LVDC microgrids can be linked, thus enhancing power transition feasibility. However, during unequal power distribution across LVDC microgrids, the arm capacitor voltage balancing becomes a challenging task and if left unsolved, it will result in unbalanced output voltage at the MMC terminal, thereby affecting the overall system. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of the direct modulation method that is capable of naturally producing fundamental and DC components of the circulating current within the MMC. These circulating current components are responsible for uniformly distributing the energy between the arms of the MMC and balancing the arm capacitor voltage. The effectiveness of the proposed method is further assessed through real-time simulation in the OPAL-RT (OP5700) environment. The findings of this study validate that direct modulation can maintain the optimal performance of a multiterminal hybrid microgrid based on MMC under unbalanced power conditions without applying additional controllers, thus simplifying the system design, and improving the overall efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two-layer distributed control of hybrid AC/DC microgrids supplying nonlinear, unbalanced and constant-power loads","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonlinear, imbalanced, and constant power loads pose significant technical and power quality challenges in both AC and DC microgrids. Hybrid AC/DC microgrids further compound these complexities. In response, this paper presents a novel hierarchical control scheme comprising primary and secondary layers for such microgrids. The proposed scheme introduces innovative cooperative voltage and frequency secondary control methods, complementing conventional droop-based primary controllers. This hierarchical structure aims to provide acceptable voltage and frequency regulations, as well as power sharing in both AC and DC sub-grids, mitigating issues arising from various loads. Specifically, the DC sub-grid maintains its stability in the presence of constant power loads, while the AC bus output voltages maintain sinusoidal waveforms. Finally, we conduct digital time-domain simulation studies on a test microgrid system using the MATLAB/Simulink environment to assess the performance of the proposed control strategy. We compare the results with previously reported methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed methods effectively share power with reduced overshoot and faster convergence toward desired values compared to conventional controllers. Simulation analyses validate the superiority and efficacy of the proposed control scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}