Multi-module series suppressor for the protection of wind farm transformers against resonance overvoltages

Large-scale integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) presents significant challenges for modern power grids, particularly with wind farms playing a crucial role in energy generation. However, frequent switching operations during the (dis)connection of wind farms and lightning strikes on wind turbines can induce severe transient overvoltages. These fast transients (FTs) pose a serious risk to wind farm substations, potentially compromising the reliability of renewable energy generation. In particular, protecting wind farm transformers from FTs, resonances, and resulting overvoltages is essential for ensuring stable operation. This paper proposes a modular series transient suppressor (MSTS) designed to enhance the protection of wind farm transformers against FTs, thereby improving system reliability. The MSTS consists of multiple resonant circuit modules, including a core, a low-voltage capacitor, and a resistor connected in series with the transformer. Its operational behavior is analyzed using analytical methods and validated through simulation studies. Furthermore, experimental testing performed on a developed MSTS prototype confirms its effectiveness in mitigating transient overvoltages for a wind farm transformer model circuit at a 60 kV transient voltage level.