Online verification of adjustable robust optimization for electric hydrogen integrated energy systems with comprehensive demand response

Abstract

Traditional energy systems are gradually transitioning to new energy systems dominated by clean sources such as wind, solar, and hydrogen. As the penetration of renewable energy increases, the high uncertainty in their output presents significant challenges to the security and flexibility of energy system planning. This study develops a unified planning framework for the electrical hydrogen integrated energy system (EHIES) that considers demand response from industrial areas. To enhance the interaction between supply and demand, a comprehensive load electricity, heat, cooling, and hydrogen demand response mechanism based on day-ahead pricing in industrial areas is established. Additionally, a multi-scale hydrogen energy control system is designed to enable seasonal energy migration. Furthermore, to ensure the safe and stable operation of various devices within the EHIES, a novel online verification adjustable robust optimization method is proposed to address the uncertainties arising from fluctuations in renewable energy sources. The simulation results of the case study demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain the planning solution corresponding to the minimum uncertain budget under a limited robustness level, assisting decision-makers in making appropriate choices between risk and conservatism. Furthermore, with the introduction of demand response and the multi-scale hydrogen energy control mechanism, the EHIES planning and operational costs were reduced by 3.25%, carbon emission costs decreased by 6.36%, and the total cost was reduced by 4.23%. The proposed model and method can enhance the economic efficiency and security of energy systems, supporting the low-carbon transition of traditional energy systems.