International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research最新文献

{"title":"Factor Analysis of the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) and Corresponding Brain Function and Structures","authors":"Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis,&nbsp;Calypso Mitkani,&nbsp;Theocharis Kyziridis,&nbsp;Panagiotis Panagiotidis,&nbsp;Eva-Maria Tsapakis","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neurological soft signs (NSS) are minor, non-localizable neurological abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate the factor structure of the Neurological Evaluation Scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 355 subjects (233 patients and 122 general population subjects). NSS were assessed using the NES. Factor analysis with varimax normalized rotation was applied and produced first, second, third, and fourth-order factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The first factor analysis returned 13 first-order factors. Subsequent analysis returned 7 second-order factors, 3 third-order factors, and ultimately a single fourth-order factor. These factors could theoretically correspond to functional neural circuits and anatomical structures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The NES captures three core domains that seem to correspond to attentional control, inhibition, and information processing, further subdivided into sensory process and memory, dysfunctional attentional control, process overload, and impaired inhibition with cerebellar involvement. Further research with structural as well as functional imaging methods will be important to elucidate the mechanisms behind the emergence of NSS and identify individuals at risk for the development of psychosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12878801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Pleasure Perception Training Group Therapy on Adolescents With Depression and Analysis of Factors Associated With Non-Suicidal Self-Injurious Behaviors","authors":"Xinliang Chen,&nbsp;Lingkai Yang,&nbsp;Tingting Jin,&nbsp;Jie Liu,&nbsp;Feifei Zhao,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Ming Zhao,&nbsp;Liwei Zang","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study is designed to explore the effectiveness of pleasure perception training group (PPTG) therapy on adolescents with depression and the factors that influence the presence of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A hundred and twenty adolescent depression patients were randomly assigned to either a control group (<i>n</i> = 60, routine treatment) or an observation group (<i>n</i> = 60, PPTG plus routine treatment) for two months. Outcome included depression (CDI), emotional intelligence (EIS), and self-injury (OSI) scores. Patients were stratified into NSSI and Non-NSSI groups based on NSSI history. Univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore potential risk factors for NSSI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post-treatment, CDI scores decreased and EIS scores significantly increased in both groups, with greater changes in the observation group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). OSI scores decreased in patients with NSSI, with lower scores in the observation group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Regression analysis identified family history of psychiatric disorders, left-behind experience, childhood family dysfunction, childhood abuse, and exposure to school bullying as independent risk factors for NSSI (OR &gt; 1, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PPTG therapy effectively reduces depressive symptoms, enhances emotional regulation, and lowers NSSI in adolescents with depression. Several psychosocial factors independently increase NSSI risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian Mixed Models Approach to Exploring Resilience: Impact of Stress on Subjective Health and Affects Over Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Markus Schepers,&nbsp;Irene Schmidtmann,&nbsp;Sarah K. Schäfer,&nbsp;Simge Yilmaz,&nbsp;Rieke Baumkötter,&nbsp;Alica Hartmann,&nbsp;Julia Petersen,&nbsp;Nora Hettich-Damm,&nbsp;Philipp Wild,&nbsp;Daniela Zahn,&nbsp;Daniel Wollschläger","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Profound stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the importance of understanding resilience mechanisms and approaches for quantifying them in longitudinal studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used Bayesian mixed models to analyze resilience dynamics with ordinal dependent variables: subjective physical and mental health, and fear, sadness, and anger. The models included fixed effects for individual stressors and random intercepts for participants, applied to the Gutenberg-COVID-19 cohort study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 206,912 responses from 7386 participants (mean age 55.09 years, 51.52% women) over one year (Oct 29, 2020 - Oct 25, 2021). Social stressors, such as loss of social contacts, had stronger negative associations with health and negative affects than work-related stress. Subjective health and emotions declined during lockdowns but quickly recovered afterward.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our longitudinal study design and mixed-model analysis highlight the role of social stress and encourage further research into protective factors like social support and positive reappraisal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12852500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Exploration of Cognitive Workload and Situational Awareness in Virtual Reality: Implications for Non-Clinical Emotional Support","authors":"Fabiha Islam,&nbsp;Zipporah Bright,&nbsp;Liang Zhan,&nbsp;Chao Shi","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many people face emotional challenges without meeting the criteria for clinical mental disorders. Virtual Reality (VR) has become popular in psychotherapy due to accessibility, but it can sometimes increase cognitive workload (CWL) and decrease situational awareness (SA). This study addresses the need for continuous user monitoring by assessing CWL and SA in real-time using eye-tracking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-one participants performed cognitive tasks of varying difficulty in both virtual and real-world environments, allowing direct comparison of the same task difficulty across the two environments. Pupil diameter, fixation, and saccade duration data were collected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pupil diameter results showed that VR environment may be associated with a reduced effect of high task difficulty on participants' CWL. Fixation and saccade durations results indicated that participants could maintain the same level of SA and engagement in the VR environment regardless of the task difficulty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide insights into the effects of VR on CWL and SA, which may inform future research exploring VR's potential in clinical populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12848537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146068245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adult Anxiety and Depression in Routine Care: An Observational Study","authors":"Esben Kjems Jensen,&nbsp;Mia Beck Lichtenstein,&nbsp;Heleen Riper,&nbsp;Kim Mathiasen","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) could help bridge the gap in treatment provision for mental disorders. iCBT is efficacious for the treatment of anxiety and depression in RCTs. However, more research is needed to translate findings from controlled trials to natural clinical settings. Additionally, more research is needed on predictors for treatment outcome in iCBT to guide allocation of treatment resources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data originated from a routine care guided iCBT clinic and covered 1475 adults treated for either mild-moderate depression (<i>n</i> = 719), panic disorder (<i>n</i> = 376), social phobia (<i>n</i> = 276), or specific phobia (<i>n</i> = 104). Joint models were used to examine treatment effects and predictors. Effect estimates were supported by effect sizes (Cohen's <i>d</i>) and calculations of the reliable change index (RCI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All four treatments showed significant reductions on their primary outcome measure at each assessment point, according to the joint models (depression, PHQ-9: −1.35, 95% CI: −1.44; −1.27; panic disorder, PDSS-SR: −0.96, 95% CI: −1.04; −0.88; social phobia, SIAS: −0.96, 95% CI: −1.25; −0.67; specific phobia, FQ Main Phobia: −0.25, 95% CI: −0.33; −0.16), and effect sizes were moderate to large from baseline to the last observation (depression, <i>d</i> = 0.87; panic disorder, <i>d</i> = 0.62; social phobia, <i>d</i> = 0.80; specific phobia, <i>d</i> = 0.47). In total, 26.7% of patients improved according to RCI, and 27.0% recovered at last observation. Higher baseline symptom severity was significantly associated with the extent of improvement for all programs. Similarly, baseline comorbid severity was associated with faster improvements on primary symptoms for depression and panic disorder. Lower age, being in a relationship, and studying increased the rate of improvement for panic disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>iCBT treatments for depression, panic disorder and social phobia were effective. For specific phobia, effects were smaller but still significant. Future studies should investigate process variables, theoretically relevant predictors or full prediction models to enable impactful predictions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146054512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire: Arabic Adaptation and Validation in Dermatology Population”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Salameh, P., J. El Khoury, M. Hallal, et al. 2025. “Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire: Arabic Adaptation and Validation in Dermatology Population”, <i>International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research</i>, 34, no. 4: e70045. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70045.</p><p>Table 1 and Table 2 were initially published with formatting errors. The published article has now been updated to display the correct formatting.</p><p>In paragraph 4 of the Discussion section, the citations of two references were incorrectly reversed. They have now been corrected and appear in the proper order in the published article.</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12828344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Comparability of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptom Spectra From Adolescence to Young Adulthood","authors":"Vera Birgel,&nbsp;Michael Rapp,&nbsp;Mira Tschorn,&nbsp;Heike Hölling,&nbsp;Caroline Cohrdes","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the continuity and comparability of internalizing and externalizing symptom spectra from adolescence to young adulthood, addressing measurement challenges across developmental stages. Leveraging the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) framework, it explores whether symptom spectra in adolescence predict corresponding symptoms in young adulthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were drawn from JEPSY, a follow-up of the national KiGGS cohort (<i>N</i> = 2172, age 18–26). Adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and substance use items. Adult outcomes included the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), DSM-5 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (DSM-5 CC), and Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Factor analyses assessed structural consistency, and robust regression examined associations between adolescent and adult symptom spectra over 7–10 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A four-factor model best captured the SDQ structure. In young adulthood, three spectra emerged: internalizing symptoms, externalizing traits, and substance use. Adolescent emotional and peer problems predicted internalizing symptoms in adulthood. Conduct problems and hyperactivity predicted externalizing traits. Substance use was associated with hyperactivity, smoking, and risky drinking—but negatively with peer problems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings support the continuity of broad psychopathological spectra and demonstrate that harmonized approaches can bridge measurement gaps and enhance longitudinal comparability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12820720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146013228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Onset, Course and Co-Occurrence of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders Over a 9-Year Period in the General Population","authors":"Margreet Ten Have,&nbsp;Marlous Tuithof,&nbsp;Premysl Velek,&nbsp;Saskia Van Dorsselaer,&nbsp;Simone Korteling,&nbsp;Brenda W. J. H. Penninx,&nbsp;Annemarie I. Luik","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Longitudinal studies that visualise individual trajectories of depressive and/or anxiety disorders can inform prevention and treatment strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS) were assessed at four timepoints from 2007–2009 to 2016–2018 (<i>N</i> = 6646 at baseline). DSM-IV disorders were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Onset and course trajectories were visualised with Sankey diagrams and summarised in incidence, remission, recurrence, and persistency rates, considering presence of any depressive or anxiety disorder as outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among those without a lifetime depressive or anxiety disorder at baseline, 13% developed a depressive and/or anxiety disorder over 9 years, with higher rates in women and younger adults. Recurrence rates over 9 years were 28% for depressive, 26% for anxiety, and 38% for comorbid disorders. For those with a current disorder at baseline, recurrence (including persistence) was 33%, 31%, and 51%, respectively. Course trajectories were similar across sexes but less favourable for younger adults with a disorder history.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 31% and 51% of persons with a current depressive and/or anxiety disorder do not remit over 9 years. This highlights the need for long-term treatment strategies, including ongoing monitoring, management, and relapse prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12816878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146004455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation and Validation of the Arabic Version of the Revised Restrictive Behaviours Scale Among Iraqi Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Suggestion for Model Modification","authors":"Ruaa Raoof Hussein Al-Sultan,&nbsp;Shatha Mohammed Jasim,&nbsp;Faris Lami,&nbsp;Osamah Abbas Jaber,&nbsp;Nahid Dehghan Nayeri,&nbsp;Mahdi Shafiee Sabet,&nbsp;Ghaith Al-Gburi","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comprehensive scales should be used to better understand the patterns of restrictive and repetitive behaviours in children with autism spectrum disorder in middle and lower-income countries. This study aimed to validate an Arabic translation of the revised Repetitive Behaviours Scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parents of 258 children were interviewed in a cross-sectional study conducted at Al-Subtain Academy from December 1, 2023, to August 1, 2024. The <i>R</i> Language and Environment for Statistical Programing v4.4.2 was utilised for statistical analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following confirmatory factor analysis, the 6-factor solution was selected for further testing based on more favourable fitness indices and the 2-factor solution was selected based on an acceptable RMSEA of 0.064 and evidence of cross-cultural validity from previous validations. The 2-factor solution demonstrated better subscales' reliability, with composite coefficients of 0.801 and 0.908, and corrected item-total correlations that are more consistent with the theoretical framework for the scale. A modification for this model was suggested based on item performance and demonstrated a marginal improvement in the CFI and TLI indices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Arabic revised repetitive behaviours scale demonstrates a valid and reliable structure, aligning with the conceptual classification of repetitive and restrictive behaviours into repetitive sensory-motor behaviours and insistence on sameness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12745494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145851280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of an Arabic Modified Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 Standard Form","authors":"Mais Najah Razak Al-Shibly,&nbsp;Ali Hussein AlHusseiny,&nbsp;Faris Lami,&nbsp;Shatha Mohammed Jasim,&nbsp;Osamah Abbas Jaber,&nbsp;Nahid Dehghan Nayeri,&nbsp;Mahdi Shafiee Sabet,&nbsp;Ghaith Al-Gburi","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mpr.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In middle- and lower-income countries, the scarcity of psychiatric expertise and IQ testing should be considered when developing and testing assessment tools. This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of a modified Arabic version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale 2 Standard Form.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A diagnostic accuracy study, including 286 children, was conducted from December 1, 2023, to August 1, 2024, at Baghdad's National Centre and Al-Subtain Academy for Autism. Confirmatory factor analysis was utilized for structural validity, standardized alpha and the average inter-item correlation for reliability, and ROC curve analysis for diagnostic accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Good fit was demonstrated for the 1-, 2-, and 3-factor solutions. In all models, ‘activity levels’ had the lowest loadings and higher scores in children with ADHD (<i>p</i>-value = 0.0002). Excellent internal consistency was shown with a standardised alpha of 0.90 (&gt; 0.7) and an average inter-item correlation of 0.394 (&gt; 0.15). At the optimal cut-off (≥ 28.5), the scale had a sensitivity of 82.6%, a specificity of 93.4%, and would increase the child's odds of having ASD by 12.5.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The modified scale has good psychometric properties and might be utilised to adjust the psychiatric evaluation of children suspected of having a neurodevelopmental disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12717145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145794939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}