International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research最新文献

{"title":"Substance Use Disorder Treatment Outcomes: Methodological Overview of Metrics and Criteria","authors":"Marta Narváez-Camargo,&nbsp;Oscar Lozano-Rojas,&nbsp;Cinta Mancheño-Velasco,&nbsp;Antonio Verdejo-García","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The heterogeneous metrics and criteria used to assess the effectiveness of substance use disorders treatment hinders cross-study comparisons. This review aims to parse such heterogeneity by analysing the operational definitions of variables used to derive metrics and outcome criteria, contributing to the standardisation process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a systematic review in PubMed and PsycINFO between January 2000 and October 2023. We included published studies on substance use disorders that featured at least one of seven ‘a priori’ defined variables commonly used to obtain metrics and criteria for treatment effectiveness. The review process and reporting followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Were identified three areas that can be used to define metrics and criteria associated with treatment outcome: as ‘substance use’ (abstinence and relapses), ‘treatment process’ (readmission, dropout, retention, and adherence) and ‘general wellbeing’ (quality of life). Operational definitions and metrics and criteria used were overall inconsistent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The establishment of guidelines for evaluation of treatment outcomes is imperative, as heterogeneity is still present in the literature. We recommend that future trials provide outcomes metrics relevant to the identified categories, and that standardisation efforts continue toward harmonised criteria to report and interpret those metrics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Youth Online Experiences and Mental Health: Development and Validation of the Digital Activity and Feelings Inventory (DAFI)","authors":"Kostyrka-Allchorne Katarzyna,&nbsp;Bourgaize Jake,&nbsp;Murray Aja,&nbsp;Stoilova Mariya,&nbsp;Abbas Iqra,&nbsp;Bridgwood Amy,&nbsp;Azeri Eliz,&nbsp;Hollis Chris,&nbsp;Townsend Ellen,&nbsp;Livingstone Sonia,&nbsp;Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke,&nbsp;the Digital Youth Research Programme","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We created the Digital Activity and Feelings Inventory (DAFI) to measure youth digital activities and the psychological reactions they evoke, established its psychometric properties and tested its validity in predicting mental health relative to screen time estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An initial pool of items was generated using the existing research on youth digital activity and mental health and further refined via consultations with experts and young people (online youth panel sessions, <i>n</i> = 14). The participants (<i>n</i> = 383, mean age = 19 years) completed the resulting DAFI alongside established measures of depression, anxiety, wellbeing, and screen time. The DAFI factor structure, reliability and predictive validity were tested.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exploratory factor analyses identified five digital activity subscales: <i>Risky Content</i>, <i>Risky Interactions</i>, <i>Social Comparison, Leisure Activities and Social Engagement</i> and three psychological reactions subscales: <i>Negative Self-Reactions, Negative Stress Reactions</i>, and <i>Positive Reactions</i>. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were high. <i>Social Comparison</i> and <i>Negative Self-Reactions</i>, but not screen time, independently predicted depression and anxiety symptoms. <i>Positive Reactions</i>, lack of <i>Negative Self-Reactions</i>, lower screen time and <i>Social Engagement</i> predicted wellbeing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The DAFI is a reliable measure of digital activities and associated psychological reactions and predicts youth mental health better than screen time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Evaluation of the Beliefs About Stress Scale in the German General Population","authors":"Bjarne Schmalbach,&nbsp;Ileana Schmalbach,&nbsp;Johannes A. C. Laferton,&nbsp;Bernhard Strauß,&nbsp;Jörg M. Fegert,&nbsp;Elmar Brähler,&nbsp;Katja Petrowski","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Beliefs about stress significantly influence health outcomes. Reliable, economical scales are essential for assessing these beliefs to foster understanding on mechanisms by which stress mindsets affect health outcomes. Such understanding can inform interventions promoting adaptive stress perceptions and reducing chronic stress-related health risks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assessed the Beliefs About Stress Scale (BASS) in a representative German sample (<i>N</i> = 2515). We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate factorial validity and tested measurement invariance was tested across demographics, and the BASS's associations with related constructs were analyzed for convergent and discriminant validity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The BASS demonstrated strong factorial validity, with a bifactor model offering superior fit to the three-factor structure. Measurement invariance analyses confirmed stability across demographics, though minor age-specific adjustments may improve interpretability. Positive beliefs about stress controllability and benefits were associated with healthier psychological outcomes, whereas negative stress beliefs linked to poorer mental health, underscoring the value of a “stress-is-enhancing” mindset. Normative data enhance the BASS's applicability in both research and clinical settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The BASS exhibits robust validity and reliability, making it suitable for population-level applications and comparisons between groups. By clarifying the influence of stress mindsets on stress regulation, the BASS supports the development of mindset-based interventions that promote adaptive stress perceptions and help mitigate chronic stress risks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unified Protocol for Emotional Disorders in University Students: Protocol for a Randomized Trial of Online and Blended Formats","authors":"J. Socias-Soler,&nbsp;C. Francisco,&nbsp;L. Martínez-García,&nbsp;O. Peris-Baquero,&nbsp;J. Osma","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychological problems frequently emerge between ages 15 and 24, often coinciding with the university period. In Spain, anxiety and depressive disorders are prevalent among university students, yet only a small fraction receive treatment. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effectiveness, acceptability, and implementation of UP in online group format versus a blended format among university students with EDs at the University of Córdoba.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (<i>n</i> = 70) will be randomly assigned to either condition. The study includes pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up assessments at one and 3 months. Primary outcomes are improvements in anxiety, depression, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance. Secondary outcomes include program adherence and acceptability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data will be analyzed using SPSS, employing tests for normality, descriptive statistics, <i>t</i>-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and linear mixed models to evaluate differences and changes over time. Effect sizes will be calculated, and implementation outcomes will be assessed through descriptive analysis. Improvements are expected to be obtained in the assessed outcome variables in all evaluation periods in both intervention conditions and that are maintained over time. No statistically significant differences are expected to be obtained between the two conditions. Participants are expected to report high acceptability and satisfaction scores regarding the intervention, its components, and the intervention format in both conditions. UP-App good usability scores, as well as high acceptability and intention to use in the future are expected to be reported by participants in the UP blended format condition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to demonstrate the utility and efficiency of UP in treating EDs in university settings. If effective, these formats could enhance access to mental health services, improve student well-being and support academic success. The findings could inform the development of cost-effective, scalable interventions for university mental health services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and Discriminant Analysis of the Athens Insomnia Scale in Older Adults","authors":"Huseyin Elbi,&nbsp;Melike Batum,&nbsp;Ece Ozlem Oztürk,&nbsp;Merve Vatansever Balcan,&nbsp;Ayşin Kisabay Ak,&nbsp;Hikmet Yilmaz,&nbsp;Omer Aydemir","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to validate and discriminate the “Athens Insomnia Scale” in aged.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients were assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The internal consistency of the AIS was assessed using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. For validity analyses, the scale's structure validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Besides, known group analyses were performed for demographic features such as age and education variables, and diagnostic groups were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cronbach's alpha of AIS was found to be 0.881. In the CFA, the goodness of fit indices of the two-factor model was found to be significant, which supported the two-dimension structure as a nocturnal sleep problem and its effects on daytime dysfunction. A high correlation was observed between the AIS and the PSQI. It was determined that the discrimination of the &gt; 65 patients from the &lt; 65 patients with AIS was very high, with the discriminating item “frequent nighttime awakenings” in older adults (Wilks' lambda = 0.874).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Athens Insomnia Scale is a practical, reliable, and useful tool for evaluating insomnia symptoms in older adults. Its two-dimensional structure distinguishes nocturnal sleep problems and their effects on daytime functionality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Ten-Year Cohort Study on the Stability and Trajectories of Psychiatric Diagnosis in Adolescents and Young Adults in Lazio, Italy","authors":"Anna Forastiere,&nbsp;Enrico Calandrini,&nbsp;Giulia Cesaroni,&nbsp;Anna Maria Bargagli,&nbsp;Nera Agabiti","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic stability of a large spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents and young adult patients attending specialised facilities in the Lazio Region (Italy).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 3871 subjects (11–35 years) at their first hospitalisation with a psychiatric diagnosis were selected and followed up for 10 years on subsequent hospital admissions to psychiatric care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1145 patients were readmitted to a hospital for a psychiatric disorder in the following 10 years. Among these subjects, the concordance between the first and last diagnosis was 57.8% with a weighted kappa of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.42–0.51); the repeated stability (the same diagnosis in at least 75% of admissions) was 31.2%. The diagnostic categories with the highest values of prospective concordance and kappa were schizophrenia spectrum and other functional psychoses (70%, kappa 0.53), substance use disorders (54%, kappa 0.57), and eating disorders (80.9%, kappa 0.76).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a population study, the stability over time of the first psychiatric diagnosis in a hospital varied according to the specific diagnostic categories, and overall, it was lower than previously reported. The trajectories were disorder-specific, and the stability was influenced by several factors, including the individuals' characteristics, the disorder's severity, and the diagnostic setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Forms of the German Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS)–Validation and Normative Data of the 11- and 25-Item Versions","authors":"Susanne Grothus,&nbsp;Ariane Sommer,&nbsp;Benedikt B. Claus,&nbsp;Lorin Stahlschmidt,&nbsp;Lea Höfel,&nbsp;Bruce F. Chorpita,&nbsp;Julia Wager","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assesses the reliability and validity of two short forms of the German Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS 11- and 25-item versions) and provides normative data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected from a representative sample of <i>N</i> = 1562 German schoolchildren and <i>N</i> = 757 pediatric chronic pain patients (ages 8–17).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cronbach's α demonstrated acceptable to good internal consistency for the total score as well as the depression and anxiety scales. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated acceptable to good model fit for both a 2-factor structure (RCADS-11) and a higher-order structure (RCADS-25). Multi-group CFAs demonstrated similar model structures across the school and pediatric chronic pain samples. Convergent validity was supported by moderate to high negative correlations with health-related quality of life and a high positive correlation with functional impairment. Girls—and to some extent, adolescents – scored significantly higher on anxiety and depression scales. The short versions demonstrated excellent agreement with the original 47-item RCADS (0.78 ≤ Cohen’s <i>κ</i> ≤ 1.0). German normative data are provided.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The short versions of the German RCADS are reliable and valid instruments for assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of the Adjustment Disorder New Module20 (ADNM-20) for Use in Military Environments (ADNM-20-MIL): A Delphi and Pilot Study","authors":"Jouhayna Bajjani-Gebara,&nbsp;Dawnkimberly Hopkins,&nbsp;Joan Wasserman,&nbsp;Ryan Landoll,&nbsp;Margaux Keller","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite its high prevalence and strong linkages with dangerous health outcomes, research on Adjustment Disorder (AjD) is hindered by lack of diagnostic clarity. AjD is categorized as a stress-related disorder, highlighting the important role of the stressor(s) on AjD symptom onset and severity. The military community shows increased risk for AjD, and existing tools do not capture the stressors most relevant and appropriate to this unique community. A diagnostic assessment tool developed specifically for this specialized population may provide critical capability to clinical assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A Delphi method was used to create a military-specific version of the standard assessment for Adjustment Disorders (ADNM-20), named ADNM-20-MIL. This tool was pilot-tested in a sample of U.S. Active Duty Service Members (ADSMs) with AjD diagnoses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Throughout the Delphi process, military-specific stressors were identified and integrated into the ADNM-20-MIL, then refined and validated, ensuring their applicability and relevance to the military context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ADNM-20-MIL will enable timely diagnosis and targeted treatment for AjD, which remains a highly prevalent and destabilizing diagnosis in ADSMs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of MyCog 2.0: A Human-Centered Cognitive Screening Tool for Older Adults","authors":"Stephanie Ruth Young,&nbsp;Yusuke Shono,&nbsp;Katherina K. Hauner,&nbsp;Jiwon Kim,&nbsp;Elizabeth McManus Dworak,&nbsp;Greg Joseph Byrne,&nbsp;Callie Madison Jones,&nbsp;Julia Noelani Yoshino Benavente,&nbsp;Michael S. Wolf,&nbsp;Cindy J. Nowinski","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-administered, user-friendly apps that can detect initial symptoms of cognitive impairment have enormous potential to improve early detection of cognitive decline. We examine the psychometric properties of the redesigned version of MyCog, MyCog 2.0, an app-based tool for older adults that assesses executive function and episodic memory. MyCog 2.0 aims to improve usability while maintaining the psychometric validity demonstrated in the original version.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Feedback from clinicians and patients on MyCog was gathered to inform the human-centered design improvements of MyCog 2.0. To assess the psychometric properties of the improved tool, data from a community sample (<i>n</i> = 200; mean age = 73 years) who had completed MyCog 2.0 were compared to an age-matched sample who had completed the original MyCog. Internal consistency and construct validity were evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis. Bayesian differential item functioning was employed to evaluate the evidence for equivalence of MyCog and MyCog 2.0.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Internal consistency was high for executive function and episodic memory tests (<i>ω</i>_t = 0.84). A two-factor model showed excellent fit, demonstrating that tests measured two related yet distinct constructs, episodic memory and executive functioning, as expected. Differential item functioning between the two test versions was not observed for episodic memory performance or executive functioning accuracy; however, response time on five executive function items was found to differ across versions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings support MyCog 2.0 as the first reliable self-administered cognitive screener designed specifically for ease of use among older adults. Findings support the internal consistency and construct validity of MyCog 2.0 and provide a foundation for the forthcoming clinical validation studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Treatment Effect Heterogeneity in Psychiatry: A Review and Tutorial With Causal Forests","authors":"Erik Sverdrup,&nbsp;Maria Petukhova,&nbsp;Stefan Wager","doi":"10.1002/mpr.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flexible machine learning tools are increasingly used to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper gives an accessible tutorial demonstrating the use of the causal forest algorithm, available in the <i>R</i> package <i>grf</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We start with a brief non-technical overview of treatment effect estimation methods, focusing on estimation in observational studies; the same techniques can also be applied in experimental studies. We then discuss the logic of estimating heterogeneous effects using the extension of the random forest algorithm implemented in <i>grf</i>. Finally, we illustrate causal forest by conducting a secondary analysis on the extent to which individual differences in resilience to high combat stress can be measured among US Army soldiers deploying to Afghanistan based on information about these soldiers available prior to deployment. We illustrate simple and interpretable exercises for model selection and evaluation, including targeting operator characteristics curves, Qini curves, area-under-the-curve summaries, and best linear projections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A replication script with simulated data is available at https://github.com/grf-labs/grf/tree/master/experiments/ijmpr.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":50310,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mpr.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}