Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance最新文献_第6页

Are abrupt onsets highly salient? 突发性发作是否非常突出？

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001329

Han Zhang, Esha Brar, A Kane York, John Jonides

{"title":"Are abrupt onsets highly salient?","authors":"Han Zhang, Esha Brar, A Kane York, John Jonides","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001329","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001329","url":null,"abstract":"Abrupt onsets are commonly assumed to be a class of stimuli with high physical salience. This high salience has been used to explain past findings showing abrupt onsets captured attention more strongly compared to other types of distractors, such as color singletons. However, there has been a lack of consensus about the definition and measurement of physical salience. As a result, it is unclear if abrupt onsets capture attention more strongly simply because they are more salient than other types of stimuli. Using a psychophysical technique recently developed by Stilwell et al. (2023), we explicitly quantified the level of physical salience of abrupt onsets, color singletons, and color singleton onsets. Surprisingly, abrupt onsets were the least salient among the three types of items examined. Despite this, only abrupt onsets captured attention in a subsequent visual search task, whereas color singletons and color singleton onsets were both suppressed. Thus, abrupt onsets tend to capture attention more strongly than color singletons, but this is not apparently because of high physical salience. Indeed, high physical salience may make an object easier to suppress during visual search. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"911-926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143996236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Music listening and the priming paradigm: Then and now. 音乐聆听和启动范式：过去和现在。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001305

David R W Sears

引用次数: 0

Context-based guidance versus context suppression in contextual learning: Role of un-/certainty in the target-context relations in visual search. 情境学习中基于情境的引导与情境抑制：不确定性/确定性在视觉搜索中目标-情境关系中的作用。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001321

Siyi Chen, Fredrik Allenmark, Nika Merkuš, Hermann J Müller, Zhuanghua Shi

{"title":"Context-based guidance versus context suppression in contextual learning: Role of un-/certainty in the target-context relations in visual search.","authors":"Siyi Chen, Fredrik Allenmark, Nika Merkuš, Hermann J Müller, Zhuanghua Shi","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001321","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001321","url":null,"abstract":"Standard investigations of contextual facilitation typically use invariant distractor arrangements predicting a fixed target location. In the real world, however, invariant spatial contexts are not always predictive. We examined how facilitation is influenced by uncertainty in target location prediction: comparing conditions where old contexts were 100% versus minimally (3%) predictive (Experiment 1), 80% predictive (20% nonpredictive) versus 20% predictive (Experiment 2), or a trial-wise mixed condition where 80% predicted a fixed location and 20% a random location (Experiment 3). New-context displays with matching target-location probabilities served as baselines. The results revealed both fully predictive and minimally predictive old contexts to expedite the search, but facilitation was larger for the former (Experiment 1). This held even when the display types were randomly intermixed at an 80:20 cross-trial uncertainty ratio (Experiment 3). However, when old displays predicted the target location in 80% of trials (Experiment 2), facilitation dropped to the level of minimally predictive displays. This indicates only fully predictive old displays support acquiring contextual cues that guide attention. The facilitation seen with 80% predictive contexts likely involves a less efficient process: singling out the target by context suppression. These findings can be incorporated into a neural-network model of context effects: When distractor representations are suppressed, the formation of facilitative links between distractor representations and the target location on the priority map becomes unlikely. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"955-977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bridging concurrent multitasking, task switching, and complex multitasking: The general and specific skills involved. 桥接并发多任务、任务切换和复杂多任务：所涉及的一般和特定技能。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001332

Kelvin F H Lui, Hezul Tin Yan Ng, Pu Fan, Yetta Kwailing Wong, Alan C-N Wong

{"title":"Bridging concurrent multitasking, task switching, and complex multitasking: The general and specific skills involved.","authors":"Kelvin F H Lui, Hezul Tin Yan Ng, Pu Fan, Yetta Kwailing Wong, Alan C-N Wong","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001332","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001332","url":null,"abstract":"Research on multitasking has adopted a diverse range of simple paradigms covering concurrent multitasking and task-switching scenarios, alongside more complex paradigms simulating real-life situations more closely. Investigating the relationships among them is essential for uncovering shared cognitive mechanisms, advancing a unified theory of multitasking, and exploring the link of multitasking to other cognitive functions. We adopted an individual-difference approach to examine the unity and separability of multitasking ability. Nine paradigms were completed by 224 university students, with three paradigms each for concurrent multitasking, task switching, and complex multitasking. Confirmatory factor analyses showed both general and specific factors required to capture individual differences in performance. Specifically, individual differences in task switching performance can be explained by a general ability shared with the other two types of paradigms, whereas both general and specific abilities were involved in concurrent multitasking and complex multitasking. These results help reconcile conflicting findings in previous studies of group differences in multitasking and highlight the limitation in the generalizability of claims based solely on performance in a single paradigm. Given the multifaceted nature of multitasking, it is recommended that assessment and intervention of multitasking encompass a comprehensive array of paradigm types to cover both general and specific abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"875-894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the relationship between search efficiency and perceptual similarity in color space across different efficient search tasks. 量化不同高效搜索任务中搜索效率与色彩空间感知相似性之间的关系。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001327

Alejandro Lleras, Zoe Jing Xu, Howard Jia He Tan, Yujie Shao, Simona Buetti

{"title":"Quantifying the relationship between search efficiency and perceptual similarity in color space across different efficient search tasks.","authors":"Alejandro Lleras, Zoe Jing Xu, Howard Jia He Tan, Yujie Shao, Simona Buetti","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001327","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001327","url":null,"abstract":"When looking for a specific object in the environment, the visual system guides attention toward objects in the scene that contain features that are similar to those of the object in mind, also known as the target template. However, the precise relation between search performance and perceptual similarity (between objects in the scene and the target template) has not been properly characterized. Recently, target-contrast signal theory proposed an explicit relationship linking search performance to the concept of top-down \"target-distractor contrast,\" with contrast being a measure of the amount of perceptual evidence that allows peripheral processing to differentiate target from distractors. We used a well-characterized color space to investigate the relationship between target-distractor similarity and search efficiency. We compared three different models relating color distance to search performance: the universal law of generalization, and two implementations of target-contrast signal theory. In the first, target-distractor distance indexes the target-distractor contrast, while the second uses the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between the neuronal responses to the attended color and the distractor color to index target-distractor contrast. When the target color is known but the distractor color cannot be anticipated, perceptual distance best predicts performance (Experiments 1, 2A, and 2B). When target and distractor colors repeat from trial to trial, the SNR measure best captures performance (Experiments 3A and 3B). Finally, when neither the target nor the distractor color is known to observers, performance deteriorates significantly and is no longer indexed by either of these two measures of target-distractor contrast (Experiment 4). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"850-874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repetition violating events do not enhance sensitivity to embedded content, but repeated events can reduce sensitivity. 重复违反事件不会增强对嵌入内容的敏感性，但重复事件会降低对嵌入内容的敏感性。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001324

Blake W Saurels, Qingyu Ma, Derek H Arnold

{"title":"Repetition violating events do not enhance sensitivity to embedded content, but repeated events can reduce sensitivity.","authors":"Blake W Saurels, Qingyu Ma, Derek H Arnold","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001324","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001324","url":null,"abstract":"Oddball paradigms involve the presentation of sequences of repeated events that are broken by a novel \"oddball.\" These have been used to examine the neural and perceptual consequences of predictive processes in the brain. Two intriguing perceptual findings are that people are more sensitive to visual content embedded in oddballs and that people perceive oddballs as longer lasting-relative to repeated events. Recent investigations have looked at the possibility that fluctuations in attention during presentation sequences might impact perception though. Because the number of repeated \"standards\" (that do not require a behavioral judgment) seen before a \"test\" (which can require a behavioral judgment) is often circumscribed, as more standards are encountered, the probability of a further standard decreases, whereas the probability of a test increases. So, later tests can be anticipated, whereas early tests are improbable. It has been shown that when all tests can be anticipated, and all tests are equally likely to be a further repeated standard or an oddball, oddballs still seem longer lasting than repeats. Here we show that the same conditions undermine the visual acuity advantage for oddball content. Our experiment clarifies that this increase in acuity for oddballs results from a degradation of acuity to repeat tests that cannot be anticipated. We found that people's pupils tended to dilate as they expected a test, consistent with top-down attention scaling with test probability. In a second experiment, we replicated the time perception difference and the lack of visual acuity difference under the same experimental conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"837-849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rhythm is alive, though it is not (and never was) the whole story. 节奏是鲜活的，尽管它不是（也从来都不是）故事的全部。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001258

Thierry Nazzi

引用次数: 0

The role of kinesthetic and visuospatial cues in pain-related movement avoidance. 运动觉性和视觉空间线索在疼痛相关运动回避中的作用。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001318

Xaver Fuchs, Tobias Heed

{"title":"The role of kinesthetic and visuospatial cues in pain-related movement avoidance.","authors":"Xaver Fuchs, Tobias Heed","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001318","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001318","url":null,"abstract":"When humans experience pain during a movement, they can develop fear and avoid this movement afterward; these responses likely play a role in chronic pain. Previous experiments have investigated the underlying learning mechanisms by pairing movements with painful stimuli but, usually, other visuospatial cues were concurrently presented during the learning context. Therefore, participants might have primarily avoided these visuospatial rather than the movement-related cues, potentially invalidating related interpretations of pain-induced movement avoidance. Here, we separated kinesthetic from visuospatial cues to investigate their respective contribution to avoidance. Participants used a hand-held robotic manipulandum and, during an acquisition phase, received painful stimuli during center-out movements. Pain stimuli could be avoided by choosing curved rather than direct movement trajectories. To distinguish the contribution of kinesthetic versus visuospatial cues we tested two generalization contexts: either participants executed novel movements that passed through the same location at which pain had previously been presented in the acquisition phase; or they were reseated and then executed identical movements as those that had been associated with pain, but without passing through the pain-associated spatial location. Avoidance generalization was comparable in both contexts, and remarkably, highly correlated between them. Our findings suggest that both visuospatial and kinesthetic cues available during acquisition were associated with pain and led to avoidance. Our research corroborates previous studies' findings that pain can become associated with movements. However, visuospatial cues also play a critical role for avoidance acquisition. Future studies should distinguish movement-related and space-related associations in pain-related avoidance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"944-954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Setting specific goals improves cognitive effort, self-efficacy, and sustained attention. 设定明确的目标可以提高认知能力、自我效能和持续的注意力。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001331

Lauren D Garner, Rija Mohammed, Matthew K Robison

{"title":"Setting specific goals improves cognitive effort, self-efficacy, and sustained attention.","authors":"Lauren D Garner, Rija Mohammed, Matthew K Robison","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001331","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001331","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the efficacy of goal-setting strategies is critical in understanding how individuals regulate their behavior, particularly within cognitive tasks. The present study examines the impact of self-set versus experimenter-set goals and point incentives on performance across three experiments using two sustained attention tasks. In Experiment 1, we compared self-set and experimenter-set goals in the psychomotor vigilance task, hypothesizing that self-set goals would lead to better performance due to increased agency. No significant differences emerged in task performance between the two conditions. Participants who self-set their goals also set increasingly easier goal standards over time. Experiment 2 introduced a novel task paradigm \"Green Means Go,\" modeled after the psychomotor vigilance task, and revealed faster reaction times in goal-setting conditions compared to a no-goal condition. Having a specific goal, either self-set or experimenter-set, was better for performance than having no goals. Experiment 3 allowed all participants to set their own goals and explored the influence of a points-based incentivization system on goal-setting tendencies. Those who received points set more difficult goals. Findings suggest that goal-setting mechanisms can enhance task performance and help reduce vigilance decrements, with potential implications for using goal-setting to elevate cognitive performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"895-910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does an external distractor interfere with the triggering of item-specific control? 外部干扰物是否会干扰特定项目控制的触发？

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001323

Merve Ileri-Tayar, Jihyun Suh, Amina Stern, Logan Whitsitt, Julie M Bugg

{"title":"Does an external distractor interfere with the triggering of item-specific control?","authors":"Merve Ileri-Tayar, Jihyun Suh, Amina Stern, Logan Whitsitt, Julie M Bugg","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001323","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001323","url":null,"abstract":"People learn to associate external (predictive) cues (e.g., pictures; colors) with the attentional demands (e.g., the likelihood of conflict) that tend to accompany these cues. Such learning supports item-specific control, the reactive triggering of control settings associated with predictive cues (e.g., high level of focus triggered by a cue predicting high attentional demands). Item-specific control is assumed to operate with a degree of automaticity that allows for efficient processing even in the presence of competing demands. In three experiments, we investigated whether the unpredictable appearance of another salient stimulus (external distractor) presented along with the predictive cue would interfere with the triggering of item-specific control settings. The first two blocks of each experiment (i.e., acquisition phase) allowed participants to learn associations between different pictures and their likelihood of conflict in a picture-word Stroop task without external distraction. In the last two blocks (i.e., test phase), we introduced a random visual distractor (Experiments 1 and 2) or a combined visual and auditory distractor (i.e., multisensory; Experiment 3), with Experiment 2 additionally manipulating the timing of the distractor onset. Overall, the item-specific proportion congruence effect remained intact in both distractor-present and distractor-absent trials in all experiments, suggesting that item-specific control is robust to the presence of external distraction. We consider the theoretical implications of the results, with a focus on the automaticity of item-specific control and future investigations of potential boundary conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"808-825"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0