Kelvin F H Lui, Hezul Tin Yan Ng, Pu Fan, Yetta Kwailing Wong, Alan C-N Wong
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引用次数: 0
摘要
多任务研究采用了多种简单的范式,包括并发多任务和任务切换场景,以及更接近真实情况的更复杂的范式。研究它们之间的关系对于揭示共同的认知机制、提出统一的多任务处理理论以及探索多任务处理与其他认知功能的联系具有重要意义。我们采用个体差异的方法来检验多任务处理能力的统一性和可分离性。224名大学生完成了9个范式,其中并发多任务、任务切换和复杂多任务各3个范式。验证性因素分析显示了捕获个人表现差异所需的一般因素和特定因素。具体而言,任务转换表现的个体差异可以通过与其他两种范式共享的一般能力来解释,而一般能力和特定能力都涉及并发多任务处理和复杂多任务处理。这些结果有助于调和先前关于多任务处理中群体差异的研究中相互矛盾的发现,并突出了仅基于单一范式中的表现的主张的普遍性的局限性。鉴于多任务处理的多面性,建议对多任务处理的评估和干预包括一个全面的范式类型数组,以涵盖一般和特定的能力。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA,版权所有)。
Bridging concurrent multitasking, task switching, and complex multitasking: The general and specific skills involved.
Research on multitasking has adopted a diverse range of simple paradigms covering concurrent multitasking and task-switching scenarios, alongside more complex paradigms simulating real-life situations more closely. Investigating the relationships among them is essential for uncovering shared cognitive mechanisms, advancing a unified theory of multitasking, and exploring the link of multitasking to other cognitive functions. We adopted an individual-difference approach to examine the unity and separability of multitasking ability. Nine paradigms were completed by 224 university students, with three paradigms each for concurrent multitasking, task switching, and complex multitasking. Confirmatory factor analyses showed both general and specific factors required to capture individual differences in performance. Specifically, individual differences in task switching performance can be explained by a general ability shared with the other two types of paradigms, whereas both general and specific abilities were involved in concurrent multitasking and complex multitasking. These results help reconcile conflicting findings in previous studies of group differences in multitasking and highlight the limitation in the generalizability of claims based solely on performance in a single paradigm. Given the multifaceted nature of multitasking, it is recommended that assessment and intervention of multitasking encompass a comprehensive array of paradigm types to cover both general and specific abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance publishes studies on perception, control of action, perceptual aspects of language processing, and related cognitive processes.