Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance最新文献_第7页

Task-irrelevant inputs alter ensemble representations of faces within the spatial focus of attention. 与任务无关的输入会改变注意力空间焦点内的人脸集合表征。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001249

Kevin Sayed, Viola S Störmer

{"title":"Task-irrelevant inputs alter ensemble representations of faces within the spatial focus of attention.","authors":"Kevin Sayed, Viola S Störmer","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001249","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001249","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial attention enhances processing of information, but how does unattended and task-irrelevant information influence visual processing within the spatial focus of attention? We tested this by asking participants to extract the average emotional expression of a set of sequentially presented faces while simultaneously presenting task-irrelevant faces at a spatially unattended and task-irrelevant location. Across several experiments, we found that participants' reports of the emotional expression of faces at the attended location were biased toward the task-irrelevant faces. For example, when happier faces were presented at the unattended location, participants were biased to perceive the attended faces as happier. A control experiment in which participants were asked to also detect probes at cued and uncued locations showed that spatial attention was directed towards the cued location as instructed. Together, these results reveal that unattended and task-irrelevant inputs do not only affect the efficiency of target processing, for example by slowing responses or lowering accuracies, but that they can systematically bias ensemble representations within the spatial focus of attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"1236-1247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Approach versus avoidance and the polarity principle-On an unrecognized ambiguity of the approach/avoidance paradigm. 接近与回避以及极性原则--接近/回避范式中未被认识到的模糊之处。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001247

Dirk Wentura, Andrea Paulus

{"title":"Approach versus avoidance and the polarity principle-On an unrecognized ambiguity of the approach/avoidance paradigm.","authors":"Dirk Wentura, Andrea Paulus","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001247","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001247","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined the role of polarity correspondence (Proctor & Cho, 2006) in the approach/avoidance task. It was hypothesized that the typically found approach/avoidance effect could (at least in part) be explained by matching polarities of the stimuli and the response alternatives. To test this hypothesis, polarity of the stimuli was manipulated in three experiments. Experiment 1 showed that two neutral categories elicited an approach/avoidance asymmetry similar to that typically found for positive and negative stimuli when the categorization of stimuli was framed as \"yes (Category A)\" versus \"no (not Category A).\" This pattern is explained by assuming a polarity match between the \"yes\" category and the approach response. Experiment 2 used positive (flowers) versus negative (insects) categories. In a control condition, a typical compatibility effect was found (i.e., positive [negative] items relatively facilitated approach [avoidance]). However, when the task consisted of categorizing insects as the + polarity (\"yes, insect\" vs. \"no, no insect\"), the compatibility effect reversed; it was significantly increased when flowers were the \"yes\" category. In Experiment 3, polarity of positive/negative stimuli (flowers/insects) was manipulated prior to completion of a standard approach/avoidance task with flowers and insects as stimuli. Approximately the same pattern of results (albeit less pronounced) was found as in Experiment 2. The results suggest that results with the approach/avoidance task interpreted in terms of valence or motivational relevance may be (partly) due to polarity differences. This should be taken into account if these effects are routinely interpreted in terms of valence or motivational relevance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"1167-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The one exception: The impact of statistical regularities on explicit sense of agency. 一个例外：统计规律对明确代入感的影响。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001243

Olivia Seubert, Robrecht van der Wel, Moritz Reis, Roland Pfister, Katharina A Schwarz

{"title":"The one exception: The impact of statistical regularities on explicit sense of agency.","authors":"Olivia Seubert, Robrecht van der Wel, Moritz Reis, Roland Pfister, Katharina A Schwarz","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001243","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001243","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing causal beliefs by observing regularities between actions and events in the environment is a crucial part of goal-directed behavior. Sense of agency (SoA) describes the corresponding experience of generating and controlling actions and subsequent events. Investigating how SoA adapts to situational changes in action-effect contingency, we observed even singular disturbances of perfect action-effect contingencies to yield a striking impact on SoA formation. Moreover, we additionally included disturbances of regularity that are not directly linked to one's own actions. Doing so allowed us to investigate how SoA might be a concept that goes beyond own actions toward a more generalized, subjective representation of control regarding environmental events. Indeed, the present experiments establish that, while SoA is highly tuned toward action-effect relations, it is also sensitive to events that occur without one's own action contribution. SoA thus appears to be exceptionally sensitive to singular breakpoints of perfect control with agents disproportionally incorporating such events during SoA formation while at the same time building on a rich situation model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"1067-1082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward a better approach for measuring visual-search slopes. 为测量视觉搜索斜率提供更好的方法。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001238

Talke Michaelsen, Markus Janczyk, Heinrich R Liesefeld

引用次数: 0

Determinants of shared and idiosyncratic contributions to judgments of faces. 对人脸判断的共同贡献和特异贡献的决定因素。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001239

Daniel N Albohn, Joel E Martinez, Alexander Todorov

{"title":"Determinants of shared and idiosyncratic contributions to judgments of faces.","authors":"Daniel N Albohn, Joel E Martinez, Alexander Todorov","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001239","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001239","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work has shown that the idiosyncrasies of the observer can contribute more to the variance of social judgments of faces than the features of the faces. However, it is unclear what conditions determine the relative contributions of shared and idiosyncratic variance. Here, we examine two conditions: type of judgment and diversity of face stimuli. First, we show that for simpler, directly observable judgments that are consistent across observers (e.g., masculinity) shared exceeds idiosyncratic variance, whereas for more complex and less directly observable judgments (e.g., trustworthiness), idiosyncratic exceeds shared variance. Second, we show that judgments of more diverse face images increase the amount of shared variance. Finally, using machine-learning methods, we examine how stimulus (e.g., incidental emotion resemblance, skin luminosity) and observer variables (e.g., race, age) contribute to shared and idiosyncratic variance of judgments. Overall, our results indicate that an observer's age is the most consistent and best predictor of idiosyncratic variance contributions to face judgments measured in the current research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"1117-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mind wandering is associated with worsening attentional vigilance. 思维游离与注意力警觉性的下降有关。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001233

Anthony P Zanesco, Ekaterina Denkova, Jordan Barry, Amishi P Jha

{"title":"Mind wandering is associated with worsening attentional vigilance.","authors":"Anthony P Zanesco, Ekaterina Denkova, Jordan Barry, Amishi P Jha","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001233","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001233","url":null,"abstract":"The tendency for our minds to wander is a pervasive and disruptive influence on continued task performance. Models of sustained attention have implicated mind wandering, moments when attention has turned inwards toward task-unrelated thought, in characteristic patterns of worsening performance with greater time-on-task, known as the vigilance decrement. Despite their theoretical connection, associations between mind wandering and the vigilance decrement have not been investigated systematically. Across two studies (N = 730), we evaluated covariance between within-task change in rates of probe-caught mind wandering and patterns of worsening behavioral task performance that characterize the vigilance decrement. Bivariate growth curve models characterized patterns of intraindividual linear change in mind wandering alongside concomitant changes in task accuracy, response time (RT), and RT variability. Importantly, models assessing the covariance between intraindividual change in mind wandering and behavioral outcome measures confirmed that increases in mind wandering are associated with patterns of worsening behavioral performance with greater time-on-task. In addition, we investigated the role of several moderating factors associated with patterns of within-task change: self-reported task interest and motivation, and individuals' propensity for mind wandering, and mindfulness in their daily lives. These factors moderated either the overall level or rate of within-task change in mind wandering. Our results provide support for models of sustained attention that directly implicate mind wandering in worsening behavioral performance with greater time-on-task in continuous performance tasks requiring sustained attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"1049-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Salience effects on attentional selection are enabled by task relevance. 任务相关性会对注意选择产生显著性效应。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001241

Yue Zhang, Nicholas Gaspelin

{"title":"Salience effects on attentional selection are enabled by task relevance.","authors":"Yue Zhang, Nicholas Gaspelin","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001241","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001241","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is a limited resource that must be carefully controlled to prevent distraction. Much research has demonstrated that distraction can be prevented by proactively suppressing salient stimuli to prevent them from capturing attention. It has been suggested, however, that prior studies showing evidence of suppression may have used stimuli that were not truly salient. This claim has been difficult to test because there are currently no agreed-upon methods to demonstrate that an object is salient. The current study aims to help resolve this by introducing a new technique to test the role of salience in attentional capture. Low- and high-salience singletons were generated via a manipulation of color contrast. An initial experiment then verified the manipulation of salience using a search task where the color singleton was the target and could only be found via its bottom-up popout. High-salience singletons were found much more easily than low-salience singletons, suggesting that salience powerfully influenced attention when task relevant. A following experiment then used the same stimulus displays but adapted the task so that the singletons were task-irrelevant distractors. Both low- and high-salience singletons were suppressed, suggesting neither was able to capture attention. These results challenge purely stimulus-driven accounts by showing that improving salience only enhances attentional allocation in situations where the object is also task relevant. The results are instead consistent with the signal suppression hypothesis, which predicts that task-irrelevant singletons can be suppressed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"1131-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ordinal information, but not metric information, matters in binding feature with depth location in three-dimensional contexts. 在三维语境中，将特征与深度位置结合起来的关键是排序信息，而不是度量信息。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001228

Jiehui Qian, Tian Zheng, Binglong Li

{"title":"Ordinal information, but not metric information, matters in binding feature with depth location in three-dimensional contexts.","authors":"Jiehui Qian, Tian Zheng, Binglong Li","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001228","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001228","url":null,"abstract":"A basic function of human visual perception is the ability to recognize and locate objects in the environment. It has been shown that two-dimensional (2D) location can reliably bias judgments on object identity (spatial congruency bias; Golomb et al., 2014), suggesting that 2D location information is automatically bound with object features to induce such a bias. Although the binding problem of feature and location has been vigorously studied under various 2D settings, it remains unclear how depth location can be bound with object features in a three-dimensional (3D) setting. Here we conducted five experiments in various 3D contexts using the congruency bias paradigm, and found that changes of object's depth location could influence perceptual judgments on object features differently depending on whether its relative depth order with respect to others changed or not. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the judgments on an object's color could be affected by changes in its ordinal depth, but not by changes in its absolute metric depth. Experiment 3 showed that the bias was asymmetric-changes in an object's color did bias the judgments on metric-depth location, but not if its depth order had changed. Experiments 4 and 5 investigated whether these findings could be generalized to a peripersonal near space and a large-scale far space, respectively, using more ecological virtual environments. Our findings suggest that ordinal depth plays a special role in feature-location binding: an object may be automatically bound with its relative depth relation, but not with its absolute metric-depth location. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"1083-1099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learning to ignore visual onset distractors hinges on a configuration-dependent coordinates system. 学习忽略视觉起始分心物取决于一个依赖于构型的坐标系统。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001236

Massimo Turatto, Matteo De Tommaso, Leonardo Chelazzi

{"title":"Learning to ignore visual onset distractors hinges on a configuration-dependent coordinates system.","authors":"Massimo Turatto, Matteo De Tommaso, Leonardo Chelazzi","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001236","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001236","url":null,"abstract":"Decrement of attentional capture elicited by visual onset distractors, consistent with habituation, has been extensively characterized over the past several years. However, the type of spatial frame of reference according to which such decrement occurs in the brain remains unknown. Here, four related experiments are reported to shed light on this issue. Observers were asked to discriminate the orientation of a titled line while ignoring a salient but task-irrelevant visual onset that occurred on some trials. The experiments all involved an initial habituation phase, during which capture elicited by the onset distractor progressively decreased, as in prior studies. Importantly, in all experiments, the location of the target and the distractor remained fixed during this phase. After habituation was established, in a final test phase of the various experiments, the spatial arrangement of the target and the distractor was changed to test for the relative contribution to habituation of retinotopic, spatiotopic, and configuration-dependent visual representations. Experiment 1 indicated that spatiotopic representations contribute little, if at all, to the observed decrement in attentional capture. The results from Experiment 2 were compatible with the notion that such capture reduction occurs in either retinotopic- or configuration-specific representations. However, Experiment 3 ruled out the contribution of retinotopic representations, leaving configuration-specific representation as the sole viable interpretation. This conclusion was confirmed by the results of Experiments 4 and 5. In conclusion, visual onset distractors appear to be rejected at a level of the visual hierarchy where visual events are encoded in a configuration-specific or context-dependent manner. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"971-988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1037/xhp0001237

Kyungwan Kim, Lena Deller, Marie Vinent, Wiebren Zijlstra

{"title":"Age-related effects of immediate and delayed task switching in a targeted stepping task.","authors":"Kyungwan Kim, Lena Deller, Marie Vinent, Wiebren Zijlstra","doi":"10.1037/xhp0001237","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xhp0001237","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to quickly adapt steps while walking is pivotal for safe mobility. In a previous study of immediate switching between the two stepping tasks, older adults (OAs) performed worse than young adults (YAs). However, it remained unclear whether this difference was due to an inability to learn the tasks or an inability to quickly switch. Therefore, this study investigated treadmill walking while performing two targeted stepping tasks in conditions with immediate task switching (ITS) versus delayed task switching (DTS). Thirty YAs (aged 26.9 ± 3.1 years) and 32 OAs (aged 70.7 ± 7.3 years) were randomly assigned to either the ITS (ITS_YAs and ITS_OAs) or the DTS (DTS_YAs and DTS_OAs) group. Each group repeatedly switched between Task A (easy) and Task B (difficult) and completed three blocks (ABAB). Delayed switching involved 1-min breaks between both tasks. Results showed that ITS_OAs exhibited significantly more step errors and worse step accuracy, but that DTS_OAs were able to achieve a similar performance as YAs. Our findings underline an inability for quick gait adaptation during targeted stepping tasks in OAs, but the possibility to learn when delayed switching reduces task interference. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":50195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance","volume":" ","pages":"1023-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0