Journal of Infection最新文献

{"title":"Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for nasopharyngeal and oral pneumococcal carriage in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and the relationship between carried and disease-causing serotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between 2016 and 2018, nasopharyngeal swabs, oral-fluid, and urine were collected from hospitalised adults recruited into a prospective cohort study of CAP. Pneumococcal carriage was detected by semi-quantitative real-time PCR of direct and culture-enriched nasopharyngeal swabs and culture-enriched oral-fluid. <em>LytA</em> and <em>piaB</em> positive/indeterminate samples underwent semi-quantitative serotype/serogroup-specific real-time-PCR. Serotypes in urine were identified using a 24-valent serotype-specific urinary-antigen assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 465 CAP patients. Nasopharyngeal carriage was detected in 34/103 (33.0%) swabbed pneumococcal pneumonia patients and oral carriage in 18/155 (12%) of sampled pneumococcal pneumonia patients. Concordance between nasopharyngeal/urine serotypes and oral/urine serotypes was 70.6% and 50% respectively. Serotypes 3 (26%, 22.2%), 8 (19.7%, 19.4%), non-typeable (11.6%, 13.9%) and 19A/F (7.5%, 8.3%) were most prevalent in urine and nasopharyngeal swabs respectively, with non-typeable (35%) and 15A/F (17%) most prevalent in oral-fluid. Pneumococcal carriage was significantly associated with pneumococcal pneumonia (nasopharyngeal adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8–17.2; oral aOR 5.5, 95% CI 2.1–13.3). All-cause CAP patients ≥65 years had lower odds of nasopharyngeal carriage (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.24–0.91) and current smokers had higher odds of oral carriage (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.10–6.60).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The association between nasopharyngeal carriage and pneumococcal CAP was strong. Adult carriage and disease from serotypes 8 and 19A may support direct protection of adults with PCV vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-specific prevalence of serum bactericidal antibody against meningococcal serogroup Y in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002123/pdfft?md5=90346d8e5762791f8e0e77d33f461518&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324002123-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time of day for vaccination, outcomes, and relative effectiveness of high-dose vs. standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine: A post hoc analysis of the DANFLU-1 randomized clinical trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Morning influenza vaccination enhances antibody response. In this post hoc analysis of the DANFLU-1 trial, we sought to evaluate the association between time of day for vaccination (ToV) and outcomes and whether ToV modified the relative effectiveness of high-dose (QIV-HD) vs. standard-dose (QIV-SD) quadrivalent influenza vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>DANFLU-1 was a pragmatic feasibility trial of QIV-HD vs. QIV-SD. Outcomes included hospitalizations and mortality. For subgroup analysis, the population was dichotomized at median ToV into two groups (early and late).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study population included 12,477 participants. Mean age was 71.7 ± 3.9 years with 5877 (47.1%) female participants. Median ToV was 11.29 AM. Earlier ToV was associated with fewer respiratory hospitalizations independent of vaccine type, which persisted in adjusted analysis (IRR 0.88 per 1-hour decrement (95% CI 0.78- 0.98, p = 0.025). No effect modification by continuous or dichotomous ToV was found. In subgroup analysis, effects consistently favored QIV-HD against hospitalizations for pneumonia or influenza (early: IRR 0.30; late: 0.29), all-cause hospitalizations (early: IRR 0.87; late: 0.86), and mortality (early: HR 0.53; late: 0.50).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this exploratory post hoc analysis, earlier ToV was associated with fewer respiratory hospitalizations. The relative effectiveness of QIV-HD vs. QIV-SD was not modified by ToV. Further research is needed to confirm findings.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05048589</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global genomic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bronchiectasis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> is the most common pathogen in the bronchiectasis lung, associated with worsened outcomes. <em>P. aeruginosa</em> genomic studies in this context have been limited to single-country, European studies. We aimed to determine strain diversity, adaptation mechanisms, and AMR features to better inform treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>P. aeruginosa</em> from 180 bronchiectasis patients in 15 countries, obtained prior to a phase 3, randomised clinical trial (ORBIT-3), were analysed by whole-genome sequencing. Phylogenetic groups and sequence types were determined, and between versus within patient genetic diversity compared using Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). The frequency of AMR-associated genes and mutations was also determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2854 <em>P. aeruginosa</em> isolates were analysed, predominantly belonging to phylogenetic group 1 (83%, n = 2359). Genetic diversity was far greater between than within patients, responsible for &gt;99.9% of total diversity (AMOVA: phylogroup 1: df = 145, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Numerous pathways were under selection, some shared with CF (e.g., motility, iron acquisition), some unique to bronchiectasis (e.g., novel efflux pump PA1874). Multidrug resistance features were also frequent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We present a 10-fold increase in the availability of genomic data for <em>P. aeruginosa</em> in bronchiectasis, highlighting key distinctions with cystic fibrosis and potential targets for future treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002093/pdfft?md5=9002aa36a8723731500d7da358f0e167&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324002093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternating magnetic fields (AMF) and linezolid reduce Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in a large animal implant model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of alternating magnetic fields (AMF) combined with antibiotics in reducing <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> biofilm on metal implants in a large animal model, compared to antibiotics alone.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Metal plates were inoculated with a clinical MRSA strain and then implanted into thirty-three ewes divided into three groups: positive control, linezolid only, and a combination of linezolid and AMF. Animals had either titanium or cobalt-chrome plates and were sacrificed at 5 or 21 days post-implantation. Blood and tissue samples were collected at various time points post-AMF treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>In vivo</em> efficacy studies demonstrated significant biofilm reduction on titanium and cobalt-chrome implants with AMF-linezolid combination treatment compared to controls. Significant bacterial reductions were also observed in surrounding tissues and bones. Cytokine analysis showed improved inflammatory responses with combination therapy, and histopathology confirmed reduced inflammation, necrosis, and bacterial presence, especially at 5 days post-implantation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study demonstrates that combining AMF with antibiotics significantly reduces biofilm-associated infections on metal implants in a large animal model. Numerical simulations confirmed targeted heating, and <em>in vivo</em> results showed substantial bacterial load reduction and reduced inflammatory response. These findings support the potential of AMF as a non-invasive treatment for prosthetic joint infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002056/pdfft?md5=7b1b73004289824ab254d6287709619c&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324002056-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary bacterial infection after lung transplantation: risk factors and impact on short-term mortality","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the risk factors for pulmonary bacterial infection (PBI) after lung transplantation (LTX) and to evaluate the impact of PBI on short-term postoperative mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed data on 549 recipients who underwent LTX at the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China, between January 2018 and December 2021. The risk factors for PBI after LTX were explored by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (<em>HR</em>) and 95% confidence intervals (<em>CI</em>) of one-, two-, and three-year mortality. Subgroup analysis was performed by the time of postoperative PBI (≤7 days or 8–30 day after surgery).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence of postoperative PBI in 549 recipients was 82.70% (454/549). Preoperative history of infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria (<em>OR</em> 12.34, 95% <em>CI</em> 1.69–1572.39), <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> infection in donor (<em>OR</em> 3.08, 95% <em>CI</em> 1.26–9.66), and longer cold ischemia time (<em>OR</em> 1.16, 95% <em>CI</em> 1.03–1.32) were risk factors for postoperative PBI. Postoperative PBI was associated with one-year (<em>HR</em> 1.80, 95% <em>CI</em> 1.09–2.96), two-year (<em>HR</em> 1.91, 95% <em>CI</em> 1.20–3.04), and three-year mortality (<em>HR</em> 2.03, 95% <em>CI</em> 1.29–3.19). Subgroup analysis showed that PBI within 7 days after surgery was associated with one-year (<em>HR</em> 1.86, 95% <em>CI</em> 1.12–3.08), two-year (<em>HR</em> 1.99, 95% <em>CI</em> 1.25–3.17), and three-year mortality (<em>HR</em> 2.13, 95% <em>CI</em> 1.35–3.36), while PBI at 8–30 days after surgery was not associated with short-term mortality (one-year: <em>HR</em> 1.36, 95% <em>CI</em> 0.69–2.69; two-year: <em>HR</em> 1.48, 95% <em>CI</em> 0.80–2.76; three-year: <em>HR</em> 1.51, 95% <em>CI</em> 0.82–2.77).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Donor-recipient and surgical factors are risk factors for PBI after LTX. Active prevention and treatment of PBI within the first 7 days after surgery may improve short-term survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016344532400207X/pdfft?md5=27212e3164b3c5af6756fba7c46348cb&pid=1-s2.0-S016344532400207X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival of infection with TEM β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli with Pan-β-lactam resistance","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global health issue, significantly contributing to patient mortality. Recent antibiotic developments have aimed to counteract carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales; however, the impact of their use on the emergence of antibiotic resistance is unknown. This study investigates the first case of a non-carbapenemase-producing, pan-β-lactam-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> strain from a patient previously treated with ceftolozane–tazobactam and cefiderocol.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study describes the clinical progression of a 39-year-old ICU patient who developed multiple infections, culminating in the isolation of a pan-β-lactam-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strain (EC554). The resistance profile was characterised through MIC determination, whole-genome sequencing, the use of the β-lactam inactivation method<em>,</em> RT-qPCR, efflux pump inhibition assays, outer membrane protein analysis, and <em>bla</em>_<em>TEM</em> transformation.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>The EC554 isolate displayed resistance to all tested β-lactams and β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Whole-genome sequencing revealed four plasmids in EC554, with the only β-lactamase gene being blaTEM-252 on the pEC554-PBR-X1-X1 plasmid. We found that the extremely resistant phenotype was attributable to a combination of different mechanisms: a high expression of TEM-252, efflux pump activity, porin loss, and PBP3 mutations.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>The findings illustrate the complex interplay of multiple resistance mechanisms in <em>E. coli</em>, highlighting the potential for high-level resistance even without carbapenemase production. This study underscores the importance of comprehensively characterising resistance mechanisms in order to inform effective treatment strategies and mitigate the spread of resistant strains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002020/pdfft?md5=816384286b4ff4287703330c29aaf27d&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324002020-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The recent rapid rise in pertussis in Chaoyang District, Beijing: Improved recognition and diagnostic capabilities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002068/pdfft?md5=85df86c47853d188a048add09e8fd8c4&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324002068-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The relative vaccine effectiveness of high-dose vs standard-dose influenza vaccines in preventing hospitalization and mortality: A meta-analysis of evidence from randomized trials” [J Infect 89 (2024) 106187]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002044/pdfft?md5=f7a4d0e96f39a38b4bf56b58adc5cb94&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324002044-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chatbots are just as good as professors in both factual recall and clinical scenario analysis: Emergence of a new tool in clinical microbiology and infectious disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445324002081/pdfft?md5=430b0effa6cc1c4aec0b734f856a3322&pid=1-s2.0-S0163445324002081-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}