Journal of Infection最新文献

{"title":"Clinical phenotype and outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex virus encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jonathan Cleaver ,&nbsp;Renetta Chungath ,&nbsp;Amy Gimson ,&nbsp;Christine Strippel ,&nbsp;Bryan Ceronie ,&nbsp;Babak Soleimani ,&nbsp;Thomas Johnson ,&nbsp;Eyal Muscal ,&nbsp;Kristen Fisher ,&nbsp;Yike Jiang ,&nbsp;Timothy A. Erickson ,&nbsp;Kristy O. Murray ,&nbsp;Siv Tonje Faret Hovet ,&nbsp;Charlotte Aaberg Poulsen ,&nbsp;Anna Søgaard Magnussen ,&nbsp;Pauline Dumez ,&nbsp;Shannon Ronca ,&nbsp;Martin Häusler ,&nbsp;Annegret Quade ,&nbsp;Andrew Swayne ,&nbsp;Adam E. Handel","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE-AE) represents the intersection of central nervous system infection and autoimmunity. Defining the phenotype and the safety and effectiveness of immunotherapy in HSVE-AE would help identify immunotherapy candidates, optimise therapeutic strategies, and improve patient outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science (2007–2024) for cases meeting consensus criteria for AE after confirmed HSVE. Demographics, phenotype, treatment and outcome data were extracted. Dimensionality reduction, network analysis, and multivariate logistic regression was used to explore age- and diagnosis-specific patterns and outcome predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 2259 articles screened, 78 studies (225 patients) were included (median age 7.25 years; 52.9% female). Children (0–12 years) experienced more seizures during HSVE (p=0.003) and movement disorders during AE (p&lt;0.001). Older patients (&gt;12 years) had more headaches during HSVE (p=0.003), and speech dysfunction (p=0.02) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (p=0.02) during AE. HSVE-AE (89.3% N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-antibody encephalitis [NMDAR-AbE]) differed significantly from a canonical NMDAR-AbE cohort (n=1550) in clinical, paraclinical and outcome domains.</div><div>Poor outcomes were linked to infant and older adult age, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and AE-phase mRS &gt;4. Rituximab independently predicted better outcomes. Disability improved over time (p&lt;0.001), with adverse event rates comparable to NMDAR-AbE.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and relevance</h3><div>This meta-analysis defines novel age-specific HSVE-AE features, outcome predictors, and confirms the safety and improved outcomes of HSVE-AE after immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 106566"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of cefiderocol resistance in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli: A warning from multicenter clinical data in China","authors":"Ye Lu ,&nbsp;Peng Lan ,&nbsp;Wenzeng Xu ,&nbsp;Lina Chen ,&nbsp;Junxin Zhou ,&nbsp;Qianyi Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Cui ,&nbsp;Yan Jiang ,&nbsp;Yunsong Yu ,&nbsp;Jiancang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> efficacy of cefiderocol and other agents against carbapenem-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> (CREC) clinical isolates in China and to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying cefiderocol resistance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 638 non-duplicated CREC isolates were collected from 27 tertiary hospitals across China. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents were determined by using agar dilution and broth microdilution methods. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify resistance genes and mutations. Gene knockout, complementation, and CRISPR-Cas9 editing were used to validate resistance mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>In vitro</em> activity testing was conducted on 16 antimicrobial agents against all CREC isolates. Among these agents, tigecycline exhibited the highest antibacterial activity (100%), followed by polymyxin B (95.9%). However, only 82.5% of the strains were susceptible to cefiderocol, and its MIC₉₀ reached as high as &gt;128 mg/L. Among 99 cefiderocol-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates, ST167 was the most prevalent. Over 90% of cefiderocol-resistant isolates harbored mutations or disruptions in <em>cirA</em>, in which functional validation confirmed that <em>cirA</em> inactivation, combined with NDM expression, significantly increased cefiderocol MICs. Additional resistance mechanisms included <em>bla</em>_CMY-2 overexpression and <em>ftsI</em> mutations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Cefiderocol shows promising activity against most CREC isolates in China; however, a notable proportion of resistance is emerging, particularly among NDM-producing clones with CirA loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 106563"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpes zoster recurrence, and safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant zoster vaccine in adults aged ≥50 years with a history of herpes zoster: A phase 3, randomized controlled trial","authors":"Bisi Jegede ,&nbsp;Yingjun Zhou ,&nbsp;Helen Hawksworth ,&nbsp;David S.C. Hui ,&nbsp;Nathali Montenegro Guerra ,&nbsp;Airi Põder ,&nbsp;Josep M. Ramon ,&nbsp;Hanna Välimaa ,&nbsp;Guadalupe Delfina Villanueva-Quintero ,&nbsp;Agnes Mwakingwe-Omari ,&nbsp;on behalf of the Z-062 study group","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess HZ recurrence (primary objective), safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) in adults with prior HZ.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This phase 3, observer-blind, multi-country study (NCT04091451) enrolled participants ≥50 years with one resolved HZ episode &gt;6 months prior, randomized 1:1 to receive two RZV or placebo doses 2 months apart. Recurrent HZ cases were confirmed by an algorithm comprising varicella-zoster virus-PCR and HZ adjudication determination. The non-inferiority objective for HZ recurrence over ≥26 months was met if the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the HZ recurrence incidence rate ratio (IRR) in the RZV vs placebo groups was &lt;5. Reactogenicity, broad safety, humoral and cell-mediated immunogenicity were also evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1426 participants receiving ≥1 dose of RZV (714)/placebo (712), eight HZ recurrence cases were confirmed, all in placebo recipients (IRR RVZ vs placebo: 0.00 [95%CI: 0.00–0.46]; non-inferiority objective met). No safety signals were identified. Two RZV doses elicited robust immune responses in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In participants ≥50 years with prior HZ, RZV does not increase HZ recurrence risk. RZV was immunogenic, and safety results were consistent with the vaccine’s known safety profile, providing evidence to support RZV use in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 106573"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic distribution and associated mortality of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis among Medicare enrollees in the United States (2008-2015)","authors":"Julio C. Zuniga-Moya ,&nbsp;Benjamin Papadopoulos ,&nbsp;Andrew Atkinson ,&nbsp;Patrick B. Mazi ,&nbsp;Adriana M. Rauseo ,&nbsp;Andrej Spec","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Invasive mold infections—invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis—have mortality rates as high as 90% in certain patient populations. Some clinical factors, such as prolonged neutropenia, are well-studied and are closely associated with increased mortality. However, the incidence of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis across geographic locations and its impact on mortality remains understudied.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Geographic distribution and incidence rates of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis were mapped using 2008–2015 Medicare fee-for-service data. The association between the incidence of these fungal infections and 90-day mortality was investigated using adjusted generalized additive modeling.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>53,321 patients were diagnosed with invasive aspergillosis, and 2655 had a diagnosis of mucormycosis. The western region of the United States reported the highest incidence rates (aspergillosis: 25.69 cases per 100,000 person-years; mucormycosis: 1.34 cases per 100,000 person-years). For every increase of 5 cases per 100,000 person-years in the incidence of IA, there was a 3.4% reduction in 90-day mortality (RR: 0.966; 95% CI: 0.961–0.972; p&lt;0.0001)</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis are widely distributed in the United States, with certain regions experiencing significantly higher incidences. For invasive aspergillosis, each increase of 5 cases per 100,000 claimant years was associated with a modest yet statistically significant 3.4% reduction in 90-day mortality. Conversely, the rise in incidence did not significantly affect mortality rates for mucormycosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 106568"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadening the scope of UK-based opt-out syphilis screening: response to “Universal opt-out syphilis screening in a UK emergency department”","authors":"Sophie Roberts,&nbsp;Harin Navalan,&nbsp;Joseph Heskin","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 106564"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary dynamics of HRSV following the implementation of nirsevimab immunoprophylaxis in Catalonia (2023-2024)","authors":"Alejandra González-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Cristina Andrés ,&nbsp;Ignasi Prats-Méndez ,&nbsp;Maria Piñana ,&nbsp;Ermengol Coma ,&nbsp;Albert Bernet ,&nbsp;Cristina Casañ ,&nbsp;Miguel Torralba-Calero ,&nbsp;Cristina Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Gemma Recio Comí ,&nbsp;Laura Calatayud ,&nbsp;Narcís Saubi ,&nbsp;Anna Creus-Costa ,&nbsp;Jorgina Vila ,&nbsp;Maria Arnedo-Muñoz ,&nbsp;Ariadna Rando ,&nbsp;Patricia Nadal-Baron ,&nbsp;Juliana Esperalba ,&nbsp;Eva Balada ,&nbsp;Antoni Soriano-Arandes ,&nbsp;Andrés Antón","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of the selective pressure exerted by nirsevimab on human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in Catalonia (2023–2024) by analysing viral mutations, diversity, and evolutionary dynamics, based on viruses characterised from non-immunised and previously immunised patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Respiratory samples were collected through the SIVIC sentinel network and three hospitals in Catalonia. HRSV-positive samples underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS), or F gene sequencing when WGS was not feasible. Viral diversity, phylogenetics, and selection pressure were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 251 WGS (HRSV-A: 165; HRSV-B: 86) and 27 F gene sequences (HRSV-A: 13; HRSV-B: 14) were obtained for the non-immunised group. For immunised cases, 79 WGS (HRSV-A: 67; HRSV-B: 12) and 12 F sequences (HRSV-A: 10; HRSV-B: 2) were analysed. Lineage distribution remained similar between groups. Nucleotide diversity was similar for HRSV-A groups, though reduced in immunised HRSV-B. Selection pressure analyses suggested a shift toward neutral evolution in immunised samples. Mutations N63S, K65R, I206T, and K209E (HRSV-A) and K68E, R209Q, and S211N (HRSV-B) were detected in nirsevimab epitope, with K209E and K68E absent in non-immunised samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nirsevimab immunisation may influence HRSV evolution, particularly in HRSV-B. Continued genomic surveillance is crucial for early mAb-resistant mutants detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 106567"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of XGBoost-SHAP integration for interpretable machine learning in antimicrobial resistance prediction","authors":"Yoshiyasu Takefuji","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106575","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 3","pages":"Article 106575"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal notice to \"Ivermectin and COVID-19\" Journal of Infection 91 (2025) 106530","authors":"Christopher C Butler ,&nbsp;F D Richard Hobbs ,&nbsp;Paul Little ,&nbsp;Duncan Richards ,&nbsp;Benjamin R Saville ,&nbsp;Ly-Mee Yu ,&nbsp;For the PRINCIPLE Trial Collaborative Group","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106579","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 2","pages":"Article 106579"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal dynamics and virus interference of respiratory viruses: Insights from multi-pathogen surveillance in China","authors":"Suyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongbiao Liang ,&nbsp;Jiahao Xu ,&nbsp;Bingzhi Chen ,&nbsp;Xiang Zheng ,&nbsp;Haijiang Lin ,&nbsp;Weibing Wang ,&nbsp;Ye Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>It is evident that respiratory viruses exhibit a discernible spatial and temporal transmission pattern, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has profoundly altered the dynamics of these pathogens. The viral interference has led to greater complexity in the surveillance. This study aims to examine the spatiotemporal transmission patterns of respiratory viruses in the post-pandemic era and assess the impact of virus interactions on virus outbreaks.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multi-pathogen surveillance program was conducted in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, commencing in 2021. The study utilized spatial-temporal modeling to analyze four respiratory viruses, namely SARS-CoV-2, influenza, human rhinovirus (HRV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), with the objective of identifying interaction patterns and their lagged effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Each virus is influenced to varying degrees by economic and traffic-related factors. Even after adjusting for spatiotemporal variables and baseline factors, significant interactions were observed between different viruses. These interactions were not always bidirectional and demonstrated specific patterns and lag times. RSV outbreaks are influenced by HRV, but the converse is not true. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on influenza manifested 12 weeks later, whereas influenza affected SARS-CoV-2 with only 1-week lag. Potential competitive relationships between viruses were also evident in their spatial distribution, such as the nearly opposite high- and low-prevalence areas of influenza and HRV. Furthermore, the coexistence of multiple pathogens resulted in substantial alterations to virus diffusion patterns and epidemic duration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study integrates multi-pathogen surveillance with spatiotemporal modeling, confirming that the viral interference relationships derived from population-level incidence data are consistent with experimental findings, thereby revealing potential interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. Our findings confirm that SARS-CoV-2 has altered transmission patterns of respiratory viruses and highlight the critical role of viral interactions in shaping epidemic dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 2","pages":"Article 106556"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of invasive beta-haemolytic streptococci in Denmark, 2012 to 2023: A nationwide study","authors":"Cecilie Hviid Christiansen ,&nbsp;Kirstine Kobberøe Søgaard ,&nbsp;Gertrud Dam-Dalgeir ,&nbsp;Ram B. Dessau ,&nbsp;Esad Dzajic ,&nbsp;Christian Salgård Jensen ,&nbsp;Lisbeth Lützen ,&nbsp;Michael Pedersen ,&nbsp;Sissel Skovgaard ,&nbsp;Thomas Vognbjerg Sydenham ,&nbsp;Steen Hoffmann ,&nbsp;Hans Linde Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To analyse trends in incidence, seasonality, and antimicrobial resistance of invasive beta-haemolytic streptococci (iBHS) in Denmark from 2012 to 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nationwide laboratory surveillance included submission of invasive isolates of Lancefield group A, B, C, and G streptococci from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and other sterile sites to the National Reference Laboratory. Incidence rates (IRs) per 100,000 were calculated. Seasonality was analysed using Poisson regression, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by EUCAST disc diffusion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 9470 iBHS cases were identified. Annual IRs increased from 2.6 to 9.4 for iGAS, 2.5 to 4.9 for iGBS, 1.4 to 4.8 for iGCS, and 3.1 to 8.5 for iGGS. iGAS exhibited marked seasonality, peaking in February and troughing in September (peak-to-trough ratio 3.2). Incidence declined during the COVID-19 pandemic but rebounded in 2023. No seasonality was observed for iGBS, iGCS, or iGGS. Incidences were highest in males and older adults, except iGBS, which showed a bimodal distribution. Recurrent infections occurred in 5.4% of cases, predominantly with iGGS and iGCS. All isolates were penicillin susceptible, but erythromycin and clindamycin resistance increased in iGBS and iGGS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The rising incidence of iBHS, particularly iGAS resurgence and increasing resistance, highlights the need for continued surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 2","pages":"Article 106559"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}