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Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics最新文献

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Beyond the Benefit of Doubt: Biases and Credibility in the Adjudication of Chronic Pain. 超越怀疑的好处：慢性疼痛裁决中的偏见和可信度。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2026.10261
Rodrigo Deamo Assis, Steven P Cohen, Hance Clarke, Nimish Mittal, Mary-Ann Fitzcharles
{"title":"Beyond the Benefit of Doubt: Biases and Credibility in the Adjudication of Chronic Pain.","authors":"Rodrigo Deamo Assis, Steven P Cohen, Hance Clarke, Nimish Mittal, Mary-Ann Fitzcharles","doi":"10.1017/jme.2026.10261","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2026.10261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients living with nociplastic pain are at particular risk of being unfairly judged because their symptoms are subjective and occur without measurable abnormalities. Nociplastic pain, now recognized as a third category of pain alongside nociceptive and neuropathic pain, arises in the absence of tissue damage sufficient to explain the clinical presentation. This \"unseen\" pain affects at least ten percent of the population, commonly involves the musculoskeletal or visceral systems, and leads to substantial suffering and functional impairment. Validation of these chronic symptoms is often contentious because no objective biomarker or physical sign can reliably confirm their presence or severity. The concept of illness without measurable parameters challenges clinicians and conflicts with legal systems that rely heavily on objective evidence in adjudicating health-related questions. Most clinicians have limited training in medicolegal principles, standards of impartiality, or the ethical distinctions between patient advocacy and objective reporting. These challenges are amplified in cases involving chronic nociplastic pain, where the lack of observable findings complicates clinical interpretation and may conflict with traditional expectations for legal evidence. Bias, whether conscious or unconscious, may occur at multiple stages of the medicolegal process. Inaccurate, incomplete, or biased information from patients, treating clinicians, independent medical experts, insurers, or legal representatives can influence fairness, credibility, and decisional outcomes. This review summarizes key considerations in the adjudication of chronic nociplastic pain and examines how various sources of bias may shape medicolegal decision-making. Improving awareness of these risks and implementing strategies to reduce bias may promote a more reliable and equitable interface between clinical assessment and legal adjudication.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"278-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Difficulties in Honoring Patient Requests for Hospice when Relying on Surrogate Decision-Makers: A Case Study. 当依靠替代决策者时，尊重病人安宁疗护要求的困难：个案研究。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2026.10251
Leigh Meyer, Lexi C White, Mateo Moss, Mark N Villanueva, Timothy J Ingall, Richard V Guthrie, Tyler Murphy, Lisa Trost, Beverly Frase, Christopher A Collura, Ellen C Meltzer
{"title":"Difficulties in Honoring Patient Requests for Hospice when Relying on Surrogate Decision-Makers: A Case Study.","authors":"Leigh Meyer, Lexi C White, Mateo Moss, Mark N Villanueva, Timothy J Ingall, Richard V Guthrie, Tyler Murphy, Lisa Trost, Beverly Frase, Christopher A Collura, Ellen C Meltzer","doi":"10.1017/jme.2026.10251","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2026.10251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Honoring a patient's wishes for end-of-life care can be challenging if the patient loses decision-making capacity and the identified alternate decision-maker will not respect the patient's wishes. This article discusses how to proceed ethically and legally when the alternate decision-maker and care team disagree about respecting a patient's end-of-life preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"344-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Ethical Frameworks for Health Care Are Needed to Reckon with the Expansion of AI. 需要新的卫生保健伦理框架来应对人工智能的扩张。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-10-15 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2026.10282
Lara Cartwright-Smith
{"title":"New Ethical Frameworks for Health Care Are Needed to Reckon with the Expansion of AI.","authors":"Lara Cartwright-Smith","doi":"10.1017/jme.2026.10282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2026.10282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing consent-based legal and ethical frameworks assume a level of human involvement, predictability, and understanding that may not be present in applications of AI in health care. New frameworks are necessary to ensure that core ethical principles like autonomy are preserved even as AI evolves and its use expands across health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":"54 3","pages":"407-408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Gene Therapy Research Has Evolved and the Future of Oversight. 基因治疗研究是如何演变的以及监管的未来。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10211
Alexandra Finch, Lawrence O Gostin
{"title":"How Gene Therapy Research Has Evolved and the Future of Oversight.","authors":"Alexandra Finch, Lawrence O Gostin","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10211","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Commenting on Cargill's article, this Commentary examines how gene therapy research is regulated in the United States and how oversight of the field has developed. It discusses recent applications of gene therapy technologies and their implications for oversight, and of the impact of ordered cuts to NIH-funded research on gene therapy developments more broadly. Ultimately, it underscores the need for adaptive oversight frameworks for research involving emerging biotechnologies that balance scientific innovation, safety, and ethical considerations, and for effective public engagement on the acceptable use of these technologies, notwithstanding the discontinuation of NIH's advisory mechanism established for this purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":"54 1","pages":"10-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ERISA and the Failure of Employers to Perform Their Fiduciary Duties: Evidence from a Survey of Health Plan Administrators. ERISA和雇主未能履行其受托责任：来自健康计划管理者调查的证据。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10159
Barak Richman, Amy Monahan, Jeffrey Pfeffer, Sara Singer
{"title":"ERISA and the Failure of Employers to Perform Their Fiduciary Duties: Evidence from a Survey of Health Plan Administrators.","authors":"Barak Richman, Amy Monahan, Jeffrey Pfeffer, Sara Singer","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10159","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Employers purchase health benefits for more than 60% of the nonelderly population, making employers both important custodians of employee well-being and important actors in the health care ecosystem. Because employers typically have unilateral control over health and retirement benefits, the federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), enacted in 1974, imposes fiduciary obligations on employers when they manage or administer benefits. We provide evidence, from a novel survey of respondents who administer or oversee health benefits for their companies, that many employers appear to neglect even the most basic of their fiduciary obligations to their employees. This neglect may help explain the poor performance of employer plans in controlling costs and providing access to health care, and it suggests that many employers may be vulnerable to liability from ERISA lawsuits.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pedal to the Medals: How CityHealth Uses Legal Epidemiology to Promote Equity Through City-Level Policy Change. 迈向奖牌：城市健康如何利用法律流行病学通过城市一级的政策变革促进公平。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10182
David Jernigan, Katrina Forrest, Catherine Patterson, Elizabeth Platt, Brian Castrucci
{"title":"Pedal to the Medals: How CityHealth Uses Legal Epidemiology to Promote Equity Through City-Level Policy Change.","authors":"David Jernigan, Katrina Forrest, Catherine Patterson, Elizabeth Platt, Brian Castrucci","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10182","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores CityHealth, an initiative of the de Beaumont Foundation and Kaiser Permanente, as a model collaboration between attorneys, public health groups and city leaders that advances a package of 12 evidence-based policies addressing key social determinants of health and centering equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"98-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dispelling Vaccine Legal Myths. 消除疫苗法律神话。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10203
James G Hodge
{"title":"Dispelling Vaccine Legal Myths.","authors":"James G Hodge","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10203","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major shifts underway in US vaccine policies reflect widespread misinformation, notably including unproven claims of harms from vaccines. Vaccination misconceptions also include an array of falsities about the scope and extent of governmental powers and protections. Exposing these \"legal myths\" clarifies existing foundations of vaccine laws and policies, providing guidance on appropriate responses to quell vaccine hesitancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"111-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Control to Care: Reframing Medication Access Policies Through Public Health Ethics. 从控制到护理：通过公共卫生伦理重新构建药物获取政策。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10220
Kaitlyn Jaffe, Elizabeth A Evans
{"title":"From Control to Care: Reframing Medication Access Policies Through Public Health Ethics.","authors":"Kaitlyn Jaffe, Elizabeth A Evans","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10220","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dantuluri examines the ongoing prescription stimulant shortage driven by the Drug Enforcement Administration's quota restrictions and an ineffective and fragmented system of drug governance. We extend this analysis to carceral health systems, which operate under similar logics of control in managing risks, diversion, and liability around medications for opioid use disorder. In drawing these parallels, we explore how perceptions of risk, suspicion, and restrictive oversight can produce scarcity, reinforce stigma, and elicit judgments around \"deservingness\" that may ultimately widen treatment gaps. We conclude with actionable recommendations that align with public health ethics to promote equitable access to evidence-based treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":"54 1","pages":"95-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13054131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medical Device Regulation - Who Does the FDA Serve? 医疗器械法规——FDA为谁服务？
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10217
Osman Moneer, Vinay Rathi
{"title":"Medical Device Regulation - Who Does the FDA Serve?","authors":"Osman Moneer, Vinay Rathi","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10217","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Political pressures and institutional constraints have shaped a reactionary regulatory system that unduly preferences industry interests over public health. Breaking the reactive cycles that have long shaped device regulation will involve more than standard technical or incremental reforms. Congress would instead need to revisit more foundational values of device regulation to better align policy with the interests of patients and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":"54 1","pages":"58-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prohibited AI Practices in Healthcare under the European Artificial Intelligence Act. 根据《欧洲人工智能法案》，禁止在医疗保健领域使用人工智能。
IF 1.3 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2026.10270
Hannah van Kolfschooten
{"title":"Prohibited AI Practices in Healthcare under the European Artificial Intelligence Act.","authors":"Hannah van Kolfschooten","doi":"10.1017/jme.2026.10270","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2026.10270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act introduces a novel regulatory category of \"unacceptable risk,\" prohibiting specific AI practices that are deemed fundamentally incompatible with human rights and ethical principles. While much attention has focused on the regulation of high-risk AI systems, particularly in medical contexts, the AI Act's outright bans under Article 5 have received far less scrutiny. This paper addresses that gap by examining how these prohibitions apply to healthcare and public health, which are domains defined by rapid technological uptake, structural vulnerability, and ethically sensitive decision-making. Drawing on the European Commission's 2025 interpretative Guidelines, the paper argues that several health-related AI applications, such as emotion recognition tools, biometric categorisation systems, and technologies that influence or target vulnerable populations, may fall within the scope of the bans. It also shows that the Act's medical and safety exceptions risk weakening the vulnerability protections that the prohibitions aim to secure. By integrating legal analysis with real-world health examples, the paper offers a framework for interpreting these prohibitions and assesses how they should guide the ethical boundaries of AI in healthcare, within and beyond the European context.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"397-406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148273605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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