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Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics最新文献

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Training Bioethics Professionals in AI Ethics: A Framework. 培养人工智能伦理生物伦理专业人员：框架。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.57
Etienne Aucouturier, Alexei Grinbaum
{"title":"Training Bioethics Professionals in AI Ethics: A Framework.","authors":"Etienne Aucouturier, Alexei Grinbaum","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.57","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a training module in AI ethics designed to prepare a broad group of professionals to recognize and address potential ethical challenges of AI applications in healthcare. Training materials include a two-page checklist, a brief glossary, and three practical case studies. While we have developed and applied this framework for training Research Ethics Committee members in France and South Africa, it can also be helpful in university courses ranging from public health and healthcare law to biomedical engineering and applied ethics.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12179532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Insider's Perspective on How to Reduce Fraud in the Social Sciences. 从内部人士的角度看如何减少社会科学领域的欺诈行为。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.31
Max H Bazerman
{"title":"An Insider's Perspective on How to Reduce Fraud in the Social Sciences.","authors":"Max H Bazerman","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I will describe how a fraudulent paper developed and offer insights into the institutional changes that are needed. I was a co-author on a paper described as a \"clusterfake\" due to at least two frauds allegedly occurring in the same paper. I will use my knowledge of behavioral ethics and my experience as a co-author on a fraudulent paper to explore changes that are needed to improve research integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Folsom Transplant Blues: What is wrong with offering the incarcerated shorter sentences for donating organs and bone marrow? 福尔松移植蓝调：为捐赠器官和骨髓的囚犯提供较短的刑期有什么错？
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.44
Andreas Albertsen, Jens Damgaard Thaysen
{"title":"Folsom Transplant Blues: What is wrong with offering the incarcerated shorter sentences for donating organs and bone marrow?","authors":"Andreas Albertsen, Jens Damgaard Thaysen","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.44","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Massachusetts, a proposed bill would reduce the sentence of those incarcerated who become living donors of either organs or bone marrow. We outline two concerns with such a proposal, which relate directly to the content of the proposal (as opposed to broader debates about payment for organs and validity of consent obtained from the incarcerated). The first of these concerns is about equality of opportunity. The proposal provides the opportunity for a sentence reduction for some but not for others - and the distribution of these opportunities reflects circumstances largely beyond the control of the incarcerated. The second concern is that the proposal may conflict with why we punish in the first place. The proposal is at odds with the non-consequentialist general deterrence defended by Tadros, retributivism, and communicative theories of punishment. Among the theories examined, only the purely consequentialist version of general deterrence might find the practice palatable. The upshot of the latter observation is that the proposal presupposes the truth of a purely consequentialist theory of punishment and sets aside others.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Need for Prospective Integrity Standards for the Use of Generative AI in Research. 在研究中使用生成式人工智能需要前瞻性完整性标准。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.41
Kayte Spector-Bagdady
{"title":"The Need for Prospective Integrity Standards for the Use of Generative AI in Research.","authors":"Kayte Spector-Bagdady","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.41","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The federal government has a long history of trying to find the right balance in supporting scientific and medical research while protecting the public and other researchers from potential harms. To date, this balance has been generally calibrated differently across contexts - including in clinical care, human subjects research, and research integrity. New challenges continue to face this disparate model of regulation, including novel Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools. Because of potential increases in unintentional fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism using GenAI - and challenges establishing both these errors and intentionality in retrospect - this article argues that we should instead move toward a system that sets accepted community standards for the use of GenAI in research as prospective requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12179527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Segregate Assessment of Data Validity from the More Complex Issue of Fraud. 将数据有效性评估从更复杂的欺诈问题中分离出来。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.42
Garret A FitzGerald
{"title":"Segregate Assessment of Data Validity from the More Complex Issue of Fraud.","authors":"Garret A FitzGerald","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.42","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trust in the validity of published work is of fundamental importance to scientists. Confirmation of validity is more readily attained than addressing the question of whether fraud was involved. Suggestions are made for key stakeholders - institutions and companies, journals, and funders as to how they might enhance trust in science, both by accelerating the assessment of data validity and by segregating that effort from investigation of allegations of fraud.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strengthening Global Health Security Under the Biden-Harris Administration. 在拜登-哈里斯政府领导下加强全球卫生安全。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2024.177
Loyce Pace, Susan C Kim
{"title":"Strengthening Global Health Security Under the Biden-Harris Administration.","authors":"Loyce Pace, Susan C Kim","doi":"10.1017/jme.2024.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2024.177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global health security in the Biden-Harris Administration has been a dynamic area of engagement, starting with the COVID-19 response, to strengthening and reforming the World Health Organization, to bolstering regional partnerships, and securing financing for pandemic preparedness. Sustained commitment to bilateral, regional, and multilateral cooperation will ensure that the United States stands ready to address any future health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sexual and Reproductive Health & Rights: Advances and Setbacks. 性健康和生殖健康与权利：进展与挫折。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.28
Aziza Ahmed, Alicia Ely Yamin, Sofia Gruskin
{"title":"Sexual and Reproductive Health & Rights: Advances and Setbacks.","authors":"Aziza Ahmed, Alicia Ely Yamin, Sofia Gruskin","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.28","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article first describes shifts in human rights law that have led to improvements in the realization of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) over the last decade. The article does so, however, with careful attention to the structural factors beyond formal legal mechanisms that may undermine the ability of governments, even with the best of intentions, to fully develop the necessary robust health and justice systems. Second, this article considers two additional factors: the political economy factors that enable or limit the ability of States to realize SRHR, as well as the growing evidence base that supports positive legal transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"66-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflections on Progress and Shaping the Future of Maternal and Child Health in Global Health Law. 对全球卫生法中妇幼保健进展和塑造未来的思考。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.11
Flavia Bustreo
{"title":"Reflections on Progress and Shaping the Future of Maternal and Child Health in Global Health Law.","authors":"Flavia Bustreo","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.11","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When Larry Gostin published the groundbreaking 2014 treatise on Global Health Law, building on the work of others like Virginia Leary, the field of global health law was still being developed. This treatise offered a comprehensive definition and understanding of global health law. Others, including myself, used Larry's work to formulate policy recommendations and strengthen references to the right to health in global health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"64-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12179528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflections on Advocacy as a Foundation of Global Health Law. 关于倡导作为全球卫生法基础的思考。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.9
Gregg Gonsalves
{"title":"Reflections on Advocacy as a Foundation of Global Health Law.","authors":"Gregg Gonsalves","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.9","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Law can function and act on norms, through legislation, regulation, treaties and the like. Law can also be a key accompaniment to activism. The career of Larry Gostin represents both aspects of the law in achieving social change.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global Health Law: Between Hard and Soft Law. 全球卫生法：介于硬法与软法之间。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.21
Benjamin Mason Meier, Alexandra Finch, Roojin Habibi
{"title":"Global Health Law: Between Hard and Soft Law.","authors":"Benjamin Mason Meier, Alexandra Finch, Roojin Habibi","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.21","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of global health law encompasses both \"hard\" law treaties and \"soft\" law policies that shape global health norms. Transitioning from \"international health law\" to \"global health law and policy,\" global health policymakers have increasingly looked to soft law instruments to address public health needs in a rapidly globalizing world - within the World Health Organization and across global health governance. Yet, as policymakers have expanded the landscape of soft law policy instruments to advance global health across state and non-state actors, the COVID-19 response revealed the limitations of this soft law approach to global health threats, with states now seeking hard law reforms to strengthen global health governance. As hard and soft law can provide complementary approaches to preventing disease and promoting health, future research must conceptualize how these normative frameworks interact in advancing global health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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