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Grappling with Judicial Discretion in Complex Times. 复杂时代的司法自由裁量权。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10152
Samantha Bent Weber
{"title":"Grappling with Judicial Discretion in Complex Times.","authors":"Samantha Bent Weber","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10152","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When areas of the law are ambiguous or untested, such as in the compassionate release cases that proliferated during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, district judges must rely on their discretion to fill in legal gaps. Discretion can be beneficial, because it means that it allows district judges to consider factors that may lead to potentially harmful outcomes for litigants or their communities. But discretion is imperfect, particularly in the face of ethically or factually complex problems. Perhaps a place to start with addressing this difficulty is greater transparency about the benefits and limitations of discretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":"53 3","pages":"433-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflections on Decolonial Imperatives in Global Health Law. 关于全球卫生法中非殖民化必要性的思考。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.12
Matiangai Sirleaf
{"title":"Reflections on Decolonial Imperatives in Global Health Law.","authors":"Matiangai Sirleaf","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.12","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global health law in theory and practice can either work to ameliorate the devastating consequences of colonialism, class hierarchies, and structural racism in health, or it can ratify and exacerbate them. It can protect, under protect, overprotect, or fail to protect - it is not and cannot be neutral. Global health law reflects the choices and practices of States and other actors, which includes both action and inaction. Inaction or silence on the part of global health law is a choice that ratifies the status quo of coloniality, class exploitation, and structural racism in health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vaccine Inequity in the COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons to Leverage Global Health Law through Market-Shaping Policies. COVID-19危机中的疫苗不平等：通过市场塑造政策利用全球卫生法的经验教训。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.18
Luciano Bottini Filho, Safura Abdool Karim, Timothy Fish Hodgson
{"title":"Vaccine Inequity in the COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons to Leverage Global Health Law through Market-Shaping Policies.","authors":"Luciano Bottini Filho, Safura Abdool Karim, Timothy Fish Hodgson","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.18","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article critically examines the inequities in the access to COVID-19 vaccine and the lessons for global health law. Despite the rapid development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines, the rollout exposed severe systemic failures rooted in preexisting economic distortions and market inefficiencies. The article argues that addressing vaccine inequity requires more than improved distribution and solidarity, but effective reinvention of the global vaccine supply chain through evidence-based and meaningful market-shaping measures. It calls for a transformative approach to global health governance, emphasising the need for a comprehensive, human rights-compliant policy framework to correct structural problems in international markets, moving beyond superficial exhortations to equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global Health Governance: The system we inherited and the need for an equitable decolonized global health governance system. 全球卫生治理：我们继承的系统以及建立一个公平的非殖民化全球卫生治理系统的必要性。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.4
Sarah L Bosha, Alison Durran, Sam Halabi
{"title":"Global Health Governance: The system we inherited and the need for an equitable decolonized global health governance system.","authors":"Sarah L Bosha, Alison Durran, Sam Halabi","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.4","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article examines the historical development of global health from its genesis in colonial-era tropical medicine, to the creation of the World Health Organization - formed to advance health rights for all. The authors call for continued reforms to the global health governance system to mitigate the enduring impact of colonialism.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"6-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global Health Law: Reflections on the Past, Present, and Future of the Field. 全球卫生法：对该领域过去、现在和未来的反思。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.24
Lawrence O Gostin
{"title":"Global Health Law: Reflections on the Past, Present, and Future of the Field.","authors":"Lawrence O Gostin","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.24","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the decade since the first edition of Global Health Law was published, the world has moved incrementally towards global health with justice, at least by one basic metric: life expectancy has edged up globally, with more rapid gains in low- than high-income countries. But to look around the world, global health with justice still seems a distant dream. Health gaps between people in rich and poor countries remain shocking and unconscionable-as do health inequities within countries. The pandemic also gave salience to profound health injustices-from injustices in access to lifesaving vaccines to gaping disparities in morbidity and mortality based on income, race, and national origin. So did the Trump administration's decision to pause, and then slash, foreign assistance, bringing an end to lifesaving programs around the world. Guided by the overarching theme of justice, these reflections canvass the history of global health law as a field and discuss developments and challenges in the field across four core themes: multilateralism; equitable distribution of the benefits of scientific advancement; global health law for the poly-crises; and human rights and equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflections on Global Health Governance. 对全球卫生治理的思考。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.15
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
{"title":"Reflections on Global Health Governance.","authors":"Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.15","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A tribute to Professor Larry Gostin for a special issue of the Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics to mark the 10th anniversary of the launch of \"Global Health Law\".</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":"53 S1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Evolution and Limitations of Anti-Bullying Laws. 反欺凌法律的演变与局限性。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10116
Emily Suski
{"title":"The Evolution and Limitations of Anti-Bullying Laws.","authors":"Emily Suski","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10116","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For decades researchers have called attention to the problem of bullying among children and adolescents in school. Starting in 1999, states began responding to this problem by promulgating anti-bullying laws. Although anti-bullying laws now exist in every state and the District of Columbia, a comprehensive review of those law has not been conducted in nearly ten years. White et al., have provided that update. Their work is significant on a number of fronts. Still, for all their good intentions and effects, the anti-bullying laws have limitations, arguably significant limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":"53 3","pages":"473-474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Non-Communicable Disease: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Regulation of Tobacco, Unhealthy Food, and Alcohol. 非传染性疾病：烟草、不健康食品和酒精全球管制的挑战和机遇。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.19
Katharina Ó Cathaoir, Margherita Melillo, Roger S Magnusson
{"title":"Non-Communicable Disease: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Regulation of Tobacco, Unhealthy Food, and Alcohol.","authors":"Katharina Ó Cathaoir, Margherita Melillo, Roger S Magnusson","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.19","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a significant global health challenge, requiring distinct prevention and control strategies. Public health efforts have concentrated on regulating three primary risk factors: tobacco and nicotine products, unhealthy foods and beverages, and alcohol. While the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) stands as a legally binding international treaty, similar international legal efforts for alcohol and unhealthy foods have never gained significant traction. Consequently, global governance of NCD risk factors largely relies on soft law instruments, including WHO strategies, UN resolutions, and cross-sectoral initiatives that set political goals and technical standards. The article argues for the potential of a human rights-based approach to enhance global NCD regulation, emphasizing legal capacity building and managing industry influence. Future efforts should leverage regional and local governance, and ensure robust legislative frameworks to overcome the limitations of current international law and effectively address NCD risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"30-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Environmental Health: Towards Synthesis in Global Law and Governance. 环境卫生：迈向全球法律和治理的综合。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10
Alexandra L Phelan, Stefania Negri, Marlies Hesselman
{"title":"Environmental Health: Towards Synthesis in Global Law and Governance.","authors":"Alexandra L Phelan, Stefania Negri, Marlies Hesselman","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>International law and global governance regimes for environmental health challenges have been slow to reflect the intertwined relationship between the environment and human health. Historical legacies have caused artificial fragmentation between the two that has resulted in distinct fields of international law and institutions for the environment and health. However, new global paradigms for thinking about environmental health have emerged to foster synthesis under global health law, including One Health and Planetary Health approaches, as well as through international human rights law like the recognition of the right to a clean, safe, and healthy environment. Guided by equity, new international law and global governance reforms, including the proposed Pandemic Agreement and Plastics Treaty, are opportunities to synthesize the intersecting dimensions of the environment and global health. However, future paths towards cohesion must explicitly incorporate human rights in environmental health governance, including the rights of Indigenous Peoples, while actively addressing inequities in global health law, between and within countries, and across generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychiatrists' Awareness and Use of Voluntary Self-Prohibition as a Firearm Suicide Prevention Tool in Virginia. 精神科医生的意识和使用自愿自我禁止作为枪支自杀预防工具在弗吉尼亚州。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10125
Bryan Barks, Shannon Frattaroli, Paul S Nestadt
{"title":"Psychiatrists' Awareness and Use of Voluntary Self-Prohibition as a Firearm Suicide Prevention Tool in Virginia.","authors":"Bryan Barks, Shannon Frattaroli, Paul S Nestadt","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10125","DOIUrl":"10.1017/jme.2025.10125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Voluntary self-prohibition (VSP) is a suicide prevention policy that allows individuals who recognize their risk for suicide to voluntarily prevent themselves from purchasing firearms through systems requiring background checks. It is unclear whether psychiatrists are aware of this suicide prevention tool or when to recommend it appropriately.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate Virginia psychiatrists' awareness and use of VSP alongside Substantial Risk Orders (SROs) to inform policy and practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convenience sample of Virginia psychiatrists was surveyed on knowledge and use of VSP and SRO, including vignettes of patients at varying risk levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-three psychiatrists completed the survey. Most (66.7%) were unaware of VSP or SRO. After brief education, 74.1% of respondents chose VSP in the vignette where it was most strongly indicated and 72.2% chose SRO in the vignette where it was most strongly indicated. After learning about VSP, 83% agreed or strongly agreed that VSP could be a useful tool.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The sample was small and did not collect certain information which may have provided additional insight into respondents' choices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After brief education, most respondents found VSP potentially useful. Ensuring knowledge of VSP and SRO may improve the uptake of both policies and suicide prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"446-451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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