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Research Advance Directives: Ethical Implications for Persons with Alzheimer's Disease, and for the Families of Elderly Dementia Patients. 研究预先指示：对阿尔茨海默病患者和老年痴呆症患者家属的伦理影响。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10185
Dean Evan Hart
{"title":"Research Advance Directives: Ethical Implications for Persons with Alzheimer's Disease, and for the Families of Elderly Dementia Patients.","authors":"Dean Evan Hart","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.10185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As both human longevity and diagnostic ability improve, more individuals are being diagnosed with Alzheimer's dementia disease (Alzheimer's). Yet there is a paucity of new Alzheimer's research trials. One obstacle to research is the large number of Alzheimer's patients deemed incapable of providing informed consent for clinical research. Research advance directives (RADs) offer patients the opportunity to provide informed consent before incapacity occurs. However, critics question whether RADs guarantee informed consent, claiming that due to the nature of the disease, the consenting agent is no longer the same person after becoming incapacitated. This paper assesses the debate while using a conception of personhood, informed by the latest Alzheimer's research, which does not reduce the concept of personhood to psychological capacities. It explains how personal identity can persist despite Alzheimer's, such that RADs can and should suffice for informed consent.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Addressing US Demand for Psychedelic Medicines in the Face of Scientific Uncertainty. 面对科学的不确定性，解决美国对致幻剂的需求。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10183
Holly Fernandez Lynch, Xinping Hu, Alison Bateman-House
{"title":"Addressing US Demand for Psychedelic Medicines in the Face of Scientific Uncertainty.","authors":"Holly Fernandez Lynch, Xinping Hu, Alison Bateman-House","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.10183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychedelic medicines hold the promise of therapeutic benefit for many suffering from serious unmet mental health needs, leading to substantial demand even before these drugs receive FDA approval based on demonstrated safety and effectiveness for particular conditions. Recognizing FDA approval as the ideal path for psychedelics intended for medical use and drawing on lessons from medical marijuana, we encourage policymakers to balance the need for evidence, the importance of patient safeguards, and the desire for speed. They should increase support for psychedelic research, reject approaches that could inhibit that research, explore improvements to FDA's existing pre-approval access pathway, and avoid politically motivated FDA approval of psychedelic medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Framing, Narratives, and the Overdose Crisis. 框架，叙述和过量危机。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10184
Itai Bavli
{"title":"Framing, Narratives, and the Overdose Crisis.","authors":"Itai Bavli","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.10184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Narratives and frames have shaped the overdose crisis since its early stages. Efforts to control knowledge about the role of opioids in chronic pain have influenced clinical guidelines and prescribing behaviour. Dominant narratives shape policy by influencing how problems are defined, and which solutions are considered appropriate. A more nuanced understanding of how framing shapes interactions among stakeholders, including patients, clinicians, advocacy groups, industry, educators, and regulators, can clarify these dynamics. Engaging multiple perspectives, rather than relying on a single dominant narrative, offers a more effective path for addressing complex public health emergencies such as the overdose crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Renewing Nordic Leadership in Global Health. 重振北欧在全球卫生领域的领导地位。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10181
Steven L B Jensen
{"title":"Renewing Nordic Leadership in Global Health.","authors":"Steven L B Jensen","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.10181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two expert groups on global health from Norway and Denmark have recently made important strides in reenergizing the debate on the role of the Nordic countries in global health. Their tailored recommendations - emphasizing core values of human rights, equity, accountability, and local ownership alongside health security - have proven influential at a time when new forms of international collaboration in global health are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dignity and Abortion in Law, Philosophy, and Bioethics. 法律、哲学和生命伦理学中的尊严和堕胎。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10179
Eric Scarffe
{"title":"Dignity and Abortion in Law, Philosophy, and Bioethics.","authors":"Eric Scarffe","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.10179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dignity has been a notoriously elusive concept to philosophers. Nevertheless, in the realms of politics, law, and policymaking, appeals to dignity are frequent, and do not always align with the understandings most commonly endorsed by the philosophical literature. This paper considers how \"dignity\" is frequently appealed to in ethical arguments about the permissibility of abortion, and argues that the judicial decisions related to reproductive and LGBTQ+ rights over the past 30 years in the United States offer deep insights into the nature of \"dignity\" that philosophers and other theorists ought to pay attention to. These insights not only have profound implications for our understanding of the nature of \"dignity,\" but also for ethical analysis more broadly.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New VSED Advance Directive: Improved Documentation to Avoid Late-Stage Dementia. 新的VSED预先指示：改进文件以避免晚期痴呆。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10176
Thaddeus Mason Pope, Lisa E Brodoff, Erin Mae Glass, Paul T Menzel, Robb M Miller
{"title":"New VSED Advance Directive: Improved Documentation to Avoid Late-Stage Dementia.","authors":"Thaddeus Mason Pope, Lisa E Brodoff, Erin Mae Glass, Paul T Menzel, Robb M Miller","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.10176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People use advance directives to express preferences that direct their future care when they lack decision-making capacity. One form of advance directive, a \"dementia directive,\" records preferences about living in various stages of dementia. This is important because many Americans want to avoid living with advanced progressive dementia. Unfortunately, traditional advance directives cannot dependably achieve this goal. In contrast, some dementia directives can achieve this goal, by directing cessation of manually assisted feeding and drinking.While many dementia directives have been published, most have gaps and omissions that thwart the goal of avoiding extended intolerable life in advanced dementia. To overcome these problems, we formulated a new dementia directive. This article explains the value of this new directive. We proceed in six stages. First, we review the prevalence of advanced dementia. Second, we identify the disadvantages of another option for accomplishing the goal of not living into advanced dementia, preemptive VSED. Third, we distinguish notable court cases where dementia directives were unsuccessful. Fourth, we review nine prominent dementia directives, noting how the Northwest Justice Project's Advance Directive for VSED remedies those shortcomings. Fifth, we review this directive's legal status. Sixth, we articulate its ethical justification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bridging the Theories and Practices of Healthcare and Law: A Student-Led Interprofessional Mock Trial Integrating Pharmacy Practice and Legal Education. 弥合医疗保健和法律的理论和实践：学生主导的跨专业模拟审判整合药学实践和法律教育。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10178
Larry J Pittman, Kim G Adcock, Sally Earl
{"title":"Bridging the Theories and Practices of Healthcare and Law: A Student-Led Interprofessional Mock Trial Integrating Pharmacy Practice and Legal Education.","authors":"Larry J Pittman, Kim G Adcock, Sally Earl","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.10178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes a student-led interprofessional mock trial designed to explore the legal and regulatory dimensions of pharmacy practice through collaboration between law students and pharmacy students at the University of Mississippi. Developed by the Interprofessional Education (IPE) Board, the mock trial provides an immersive learning experience that simulates real-world legal proceedings involving pharmacists. Students work in interdisciplinary teams to create original case files including fact patterns, deposition transcripts, and trial evidence - based on scenarios involving professional misconduct, medication errors, or regulatory violations. Faculty advisors from both the law and pharmacy school provide guidance to ensure accuracy and educational value. The mock trial involves multiple rounds judged by legal and healthcare professionals, offering students a dynamic platform to develop professional communication, critical thinking, and collaborative skills. Law students gain practical insight into healthcare law while pharmacy students deepen their understanding of legal accountability, compliance, and the stages of a professional liability lawsuit. This interdisciplinary mock trial approach can especially be beneficial to law schools and law students desiring practical skills in healthcare and malpractice litigation, given that - unlike medical schools' and pharmacy schools' clinical programs - law schools' courses involving medical liability issues frequently do not have a clinical component offering practical experience in malpractice litigation. In sum, this article offers a descriptive account of the mock trial, highlighting its structure, implementation, and replicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can Education Be a Cure?: Using Legal Epidemiology to Address Health Workforce Disparities. 教育能治病吗？：利用法律流行病学解决卫生人力差距问题。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10177
Chukwuemeka Ikegwuonu, Leila Ellis-Nelson, Gregory Braylock
{"title":"Can Education Be a Cure?: Using Legal Epidemiology to Address Health Workforce Disparities.","authors":"Chukwuemeka Ikegwuonu, Leila Ellis-Nelson, Gregory Braylock","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.10177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the intersection of legal epidemiology, education, and diversity in the healthcare workforce within historically marginalized Black communities. Despite national efforts to diversify the healthcare workforce, systemic barriers - rooted in historical policies such as redlining and unequal school funding - continue to obstruct educational attainment and career access. Through a literacy-focused intervention and analysis of parental involvement, the study identifies foundational educational deficits that hinder students' progression into healthcare fields. The authors argue for an expanded definition of legal epidemiology that includes education as a determinant of health, enabling a more holistic understanding of how law and policy shape community well-being. This interdisciplinary approach highlights the necessity for structural reforms in both education and healthcare policy to enhance equity, representation, and health outcomes. The findings offer actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and public health professionals committed to advancing justice through systemic change.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human-Centric AI Governance: An Adaptive Public International Law Framework for Ethical and Inclusive AI Regulation in Public Health. 以人为中心的人工智能治理：公共卫生中道德和包容性人工智能监管的适应性国际公法框架。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10175
Farman Saeed Sedeeq, Percem Arman
{"title":"Human-Centric AI Governance: An Adaptive Public International Law Framework for Ethical and Inclusive AI Regulation in Public Health.","authors":"Farman Saeed Sedeeq, Percem Arman","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.10175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming public health, presenting both opportunities and ethical and legal challenges. This study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, integrating legal doctrinal analysis, public health ethics, AI governance scholarship and a scoping review of international legal instruments to evaluate and operationalize three core pillars: ethical accountability, regulatory adaptability and transparency. Through a scoping review of treaties, regional regulations and policy frameworks, the study maps jurisdictional gaps and proposes an adaptive public law framework that addresses critical shortcomings in existing AI governance models, such as the WHO's limited enforceability and the GDPR's rigid data-sharing rules. The framework introduces scalable, region-specific regulations to enhance interoperability while respecting local governance needs. Its human-centric design, modular regulation and accountability mechanisms ensure adaptability across diverse legal, cultural and health system contexts. Informed by case studies and a thematic synthesis of global best practices, this framework offers policymakers and practitioners a structured yet flexible approach to balancing AI-driven innovation with ethical imperatives, promoting equitable public health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Overlapping Method of Use Patents to Prevent Generic Entry. 使用专利防止通用进入的重叠方法。
IF 1.7 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.10172
Jin Park, Aaron S Kesselheim, S Sean Tu
{"title":"Overlapping Method of Use Patents to Prevent Generic Entry.","authors":"Jin Park, Aaron S Kesselheim, S Sean Tu","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.10172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.10172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brand-name pharmaceutical firms increasingly use method of use patents and associated Orange Book \"use codes\" to delay generic entry, complicating the skinny labeling pathway that permits low-cost generics to omit patented indications from their labels and market their products for unpatented uses. Recent litigation, however, shows how overlapping use codes - targeting patient subgroups or biomarker thresholds rather than distinct conditions - can obstruct the skinny labeling pathway. Case studies of icosapent ethyl (Vascepa) and sacubitril-valsartan (Entresto) illustrate how overlapping use codes delay generic entry, inflate costs, and limit patient access. Reforms are needed to improve FDA and USPTO oversight of use code assignments and clarify legal standards for induced infringement, which would preserve the balance between rewarding innovation and ensuring timely access to affordable medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145071017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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