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Training Bioethics Professionals in AI Ethics: A Framework. 培养人工智能伦理生物伦理专业人员：框架。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.57
Etienne Aucouturier, Alexei Grinbaum
{"title":"Training Bioethics Professionals in AI Ethics: A Framework.","authors":"Etienne Aucouturier, Alexei Grinbaum","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a training module in AI ethics designed to prepare a broad group of professionals to recognize and address potential ethical challenges of AI applications in healthcare. Training materials include a two-page checklist, a brief glossary, and three practical case studies. While we have developed and applied this framework for training Research Ethics Committee members in France and South Africa, it can also be helpful in university courses ranging from public health and healthcare law to biomedical engineering and applied ethics.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Insider's Perspective on How to Reduce Fraud in the Social Sciences. 从内部人士的角度看如何减少社会科学领域的欺诈行为。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.31
Max H Bazerman
{"title":"An Insider's Perspective on How to Reduce Fraud in the Social Sciences.","authors":"Max H Bazerman","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I will describe how a fraudulent paper developed and offer insights into the institutional changes that are needed. I was a co-author on a paper described as a \"clusterfake\" due to at least two frauds allegedly occurring in the same paper. I will use my knowledge of behavioral ethics and my experience as a co-author on a fraudulent paper to explore changes that are needed to improve research integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Folsom Transplant Blues: What is wrong with offering the incarcerated shorter sentences for donating organs and bone marrow? 福尔松移植蓝调：为捐赠器官和骨髓的囚犯提供较短的刑期有什么错？
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.44
Andreas Albertsen, Jens Damgaard Thaysen
{"title":"Folsom Transplant Blues: What is wrong with offering the incarcerated shorter sentences for donating organs and bone marrow?","authors":"Andreas Albertsen, Jens Damgaard Thaysen","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Massachusetts, a proposed bill would reduce the sentence of those incarcerated who become living donors of either organs or bone marrow. We outline two concerns with such a proposal, which relate directly to the content of the proposal (as opposed to broader debates about payment for organs and validity of consent obtained from the incarcerated). The first of these concerns is about equality of opportunity. The proposal provides the opportunity for a sentence reduction for some but not for others - and the distribution of these opportunities reflects circumstances largely beyond the control of the incarcerated. The second concern is that the proposal may conflict with why we punish in the first place. The proposal is at odds with the non-consequentialist general deterrence defended by Tadros, retributivism, and communicative theories of punishment. Among the theories examined, only the purely consequentialist version of general deterrence might find the practice palatable. The upshot of the latter observation is that the proposal presupposes the truth of a purely consequentialist theory of punishment and sets aside others.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflections on Decolonial Imperatives in Global Health Law. 关于全球卫生法中非殖民化必要性的思考。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.12
Matiangai Sirleaf
{"title":"Reflections on Decolonial Imperatives in Global Health Law.","authors":"Matiangai Sirleaf","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global health law in theory and practice can either work to ameliorate the devastating consequences of colonialism, class hierarchies, and structural racism in health, or it can ratify and exacerbate them. It can protect, under protect, overprotect, or fail to protect - it is not and cannot be neutral. Global health law reflects the choices and practices of States and other actors, which includes both action and inaction. Inaction or silence on the part of global health law is a choice that ratifies the status quo of coloniality, class exploitation, and structural racism in health.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vaccine Inequity in the COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons to Leverage Global Health Law through Market-Shaping Policies. COVID-19危机中的疫苗不平等：通过市场塑造政策利用全球卫生法的经验教训。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.18
Luciano Bottini Filho, Safura Abdool Karim, Timothy Fish Hodgson
{"title":"Vaccine Inequity in the COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons to Leverage Global Health Law through Market-Shaping Policies.","authors":"Luciano Bottini Filho, Safura Abdool Karim, Timothy Fish Hodgson","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article critically examines the inequities in the access to COVID-19 vaccine and the lessons for global health law. Despite the rapid development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines, the rollout exposed severe systemic failures rooted in preexisting economic distortions and market inefficiencies. The article argues that addressing vaccine inequity requires more than improved distribution and solidarity, but effective reinvention of the global vaccine supply chain through evidence-based and meaningful market-shaping measures. It calls for a transformative approach to global health governance, emphasising the need for a comprehensive, human rights-compliant policy framework to correct structural problems in international markets, moving beyond superficial exhortations to equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Non-Communicable Disease: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Regulation of Tobacco, Unhealthy Food, and Alcohol. 非传染性疾病：烟草、不健康食品和酒精全球管制的挑战和机遇。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.19
Katharina Ó Cathaoir, Margherita Melillo, Roger S Magnusson
{"title":"Non-Communicable Disease: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Regulation of Tobacco, Unhealthy Food, and Alcohol.","authors":"Katharina Ó Cathaoir, Margherita Melillo, Roger S Magnusson","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a significant global health challenge, requiring distinct prevention and control strategies. Public health efforts have concentrated on regulating three primary risk factors: tobacco and nicotine products, unhealthy foods and beverages, and alcohol. While the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) stands as a legally binding international treaty, similar international legal efforts for alcohol and unhealthy foods have never gained significant traction. Consequently, global governance of NCD risk factors largely relies on soft law instruments, including WHO strategies, UN resolutions, and cross-sectoral initiatives that set political goals and technical standards. The article argues for the potential of a human rights-based approach to enhance global NCD regulation, emphasizing legal capacity building and managing industry influence. Future efforts should leverage regional and local governance, and ensure robust legislative frameworks to overcome the limitations of current international law and effectively address NCD risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Need for Prospective Integrity Standards for the Use of Generative AI in Research. 在研究中使用生成式人工智能需要前瞻性完整性标准。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.41
Kayte Spector-Bagdady
{"title":"The Need for Prospective Integrity Standards for the Use of Generative AI in Research.","authors":"Kayte Spector-Bagdady","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The federal government has a long history of trying to find the right balance in supporting scientific and medical research while protecting the public and other researchers from potential harms. To date, this balance has been generally calibrated differently across contexts - including in clinical care, human subjects research, and research integrity. New challenges continue to face this disparate model of regulation, including novel Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools. Because of potential increases in unintentional fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism using GenAI - and challenges establishing both these errors and intentionality in retrospect - this article argues that we should instead move toward a system that sets accepted community standards for the use of GenAI in research as prospective requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflections on Global Health Law Education. 对全球卫生法教育的思考。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.8
Danwood M Chirwa
{"title":"Reflections on Global Health Law Education.","authors":"Danwood M Chirwa","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global health law has now emerged as an area of specialisation for students interested in global problems concerning health due largely, if not principally, to the inspiring lifelong scholarly work of Professor Lawrence Gostin. A growing number of universities in the world have established programs on global health law in which they address questions of equity and solidarity in addressing public health issues and emergencies, global and national preparedness for pandemics and other health related emergencies, international health regulations, and the intersection between health and human rights, to mention a few. We can expect that as global health threats and inequalities in access to health continue to rise, interest in global health law as a field of legal research and education will continue to grow.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Segregate Assessment of Data Validity from the More Complex Issue of Fraud. 将数据有效性评估从更复杂的欺诈问题中分离出来。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.42
Garret A FitzGerald
{"title":"Segregate Assessment of Data Validity from the More Complex Issue of Fraud.","authors":"Garret A FitzGerald","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trust in the validity of published work is of fundamental importance to scientists. Confirmation of validity is more readily attained than addressing the question of whether fraud was involved. Suggestions are made for key stakeholders - institutions and companies, journals, and funders as to how they might enhance trust in science, both by accelerating the assessment of data validity and by segregating that effort from investigation of allegations of fraud.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflections on Working with Larry. 与拉里共事的感想。
IF 1.6 4区 哲学
Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2025.29
I Glenn Cohen
{"title":"Reflections on Working with Larry.","authors":"I Glenn Cohen","doi":"10.1017/jme.2025.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In longer-form writing with Larry Gostin, especially on global health, I have been particularly struck by how careful he is not to lose the narrative voice, especially of the vulnerable. He truly believes that these stories are \"on loan\" to us, and that there is an almost holy reverence and devotion we owe to the lives of those whose stories we tell.</p>","PeriodicalId":50165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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