Journal of Mathematical Psychology最新文献_第8页

A statistical foundation for derived attention 派生注意力的统计基础

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102728

Samuel Paskewitz , Matt Jones

{"title":"A statistical foundation for derived attention","authors":"Samuel Paskewitz , Matt Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>According to the theory of derived attention, organisms attend to cues with strong associations. Prior work has shown that – combined with a Rescorla–Wagner style learning mechanism – derived attention explains phenomena such as learned predictiveness, inattention to blocked cues, and value-based salience. We introduce a Bayesian derived attention model that explains a wider array of results than previous models and gives further insight into the principle of derived attention. Our approach combines Bayesian linear regression with the assumption that the associations of any cue with various outcomes share the same prior variance, which can be thought of as the inherent importance of that cue. The new model simultaneously estimates cue–outcome associations and prior variance through approximate Bayesian learning. A significant cue will develop large associations, leading the model to estimate a high prior variance and hence develop larger associations from that cue to novel outcomes. This provides a normative, statistical explanation for derived attention. Through simulation, we show that this Bayesian derived attention model not only explains the same phenomena as previous versions, but also </span>retrospective revaluation<span>. It also makes a novel prediction: inattention after backward blocking. We hope that further development of the Bayesian derived attention model will shed light on the complex relationship between uncertainty and predictiveness effects on attention.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10004174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9118519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nondistributivity of human logic and violation of response replicability effect in cognitive psychology 认知心理学中人类逻辑的非分布性与反应可复制效应的违背

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102739

Masanao Ozawa , Andrei Khrennikov

{"title":"Nondistributivity of human logic and violation of response replicability effect in cognitive psychology","authors":"Masanao Ozawa , Andrei Khrennikov","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this paper is to promote quantum logic as one of the basic tools for analyzing human reasoning. We compare it with classical (Boolean) logic and highlight the role of violation of the distributive law for conjunction and disjunction. It is well known that nondistributivity is equivalent to incompatibility of logical variables — the impossibility to assign jointly the two-valued truth values to these variables. A natural question arises as to whether quantum logical nondistributivity in human logic can be tested experimentally. We show that testing the response replicability effect (RRE) in cognitive psychology is equivalent to testing nondistributivity — under the prevailing conjecture that the mental state update generated by observation is described as orthogonal projection of the mental state vector (the projective update conjecture of Wang and Busemeyer). A simple test of RRE is suggested. In contrast to the previous works in quantum-like modeling, we proceed in the state-dependent framework; in particular, distributivity, compatibility, and RRE are considered in a fixed mental state. In this framework, we improve the previous result on the impossibility to combine question order and response replicability effects by using (von Neumann–Lüders) projective measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44027357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

A note on the relation between the Contextual Fraction and CNT2 关于语境分数与CNT2关系的注解

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102726

Víctor H. Cervantes

引用次数: 1

Using diverging predictions from classical and quantum models to dissociate between categorization systems 利用经典和量子模型的不同预测来分离分类系统

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102738

Gunnar P. Epping, Jerome R. Busemeyer

{"title":"Using diverging predictions from classical and quantum models to dissociate between categorization systems","authors":"Gunnar P. Epping, Jerome R. Busemeyer","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum probability theory has successfully provided accurate descriptions of behavior in the areas of judgment and decision making, and here we apply the same principles to two category learning tasks, one task using information-integration categories and the other using rule-based categories. Since information-integration categories lack verbalizable descriptions, unlike rule-based ones, we assert that an information-integration categorization decision results from an intuitive probabilistic reasoning system characterized by quantum probability theory, whereas a rule-based categorization decision results from a logical, rational probabilistic reasoning system characterized classical probability theory. In our experiment, participants learn to categorize simple, visual stimuli as members of either category S or category K during an acquisition phase, and then rate the likelihood on a scale of 0 to 5 that a stimulus belongs to one category and subsequently perform the same likelihood rating for the other category during a transfer phase. Following the principle of complementarity in quantum theory, we expect the category likelihood ratings to exhibit order effects in the information-integration task, but not in the rule-based task. In the information-integration task, we found definitive order effects in the likelihood ratings. But, in the rule-based task, we found that the order effects in the likelihood ratings are not significant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49856657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A note on the relation between the Contextual Fraction and CNT2 关于语境分数与CNT2关系的注解

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102726

Víctor H. Cervantes

引用次数: 1

Do cognitive and physical effort costs affect choice behavior similarly? 认知和体力消耗对选择行为的影响是否相似?

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102727

Li Xin Lim , Madison Fansher , Sébastien Hélie

引用次数: 0

Assessment-based correct rates in learning spaces 学习空间中基于评估的正确率

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102740

Jürgen Heller

引用次数: 1

Sequential selections with minimization of failure 使故障最小化的顺序选择

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102723

Krzysztof J. Szajowski

引用次数: 1

Neuro-cognitive models of single-trial EEG measures describe latent effects of spatial attention during perceptual decision making 单试验脑电图测量的神经认知模型描述了知觉决策过程中空间注意的潜在效应

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102725

Amin Ghaderi-Kangavari , Jamal Amani Rad , Kourosh Parand , Michael D. Nunez

{"title":"Neuro-cognitive models of single-trial EEG measures describe latent effects of spatial attention during perceptual decision making","authors":"Amin Ghaderi-Kangavari , Jamal Amani Rad , Kourosh Parand , Michael D. Nunez","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Visual perceptual decision-making involves multiple components including visual encoding, attention, accumulation of evidence, and motor execution. Recent research suggests that EEG<span> signals can identify the time of encoding and the onset of evidence accumulation during perceptual decision-making. Although scientists show that spatial attention improves participant performance in decision making, little is known about how spatial attention influences the individual cognitive components that give rise to that improvement in performance. We found evidence in this work that both visual encoding time (VET) before evidence accumulation and other non-decision time processes after or during evidence accumulation are influenced by spatial top-down attention. Specifically, we used an open-source dataset in which participants were informed about the location of a target stimulus in the visual field on some trials during a face-car perceptual decision-making task. Fitting neural drift–diffusion models to response time, accuracy, and single-trial N200 latencies (</span></span><span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span><span> 125 to 225 ms post-stimulus) of EEG allowed us to separate the processes of visual encoding and the decision process from other non-decision time processes such as motor execution. These models were fitted in a single step in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. Quantitative model comparison to simulation-based theories reveals that spatial attention manipulates both VET and other non-decision time processes. We discuss why spatial attention may affect other non-evidence accumulation processes, such as motor execution time (MET), and why this may seem unexpected given the literature. We provide recommendations for future work to deal with this topic by a combination of neuro-cognitive models and model simulations at the single-trial level.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137166056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A point-process model of tapping along to difficult rhythms 随着困难的节奏敲击的点过程模式

IF 1.8 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102724

David Bulger , Andrew J. Milne , Roger T. Dean

{"title":"A point-process model of tapping along to difficult rhythms","authors":"David Bulger , Andrew J. Milne , Roger T. Dean","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Experiments where participants synchronise their taps to rhythmic cues are often used to study human perception and performance of rhythms. This experimental study is novel in two regards: The cyclic rhythms (non-isochronous patterns of cues) presented to participants were more challenging than usual (including many from unfamiliar time signatures), and we have modelled participants’ performance via a conditional point process. Point processes are well suited to describing partly random sequences of events, but have rarely been used previously to model tapping experiments, the only other study we know being Cannon (2021). Our model uses continuous functional parameters to describe participants’ responses to auditory stimuli with much finer temporal resolution than in previous studies. Taking account of both the clock and the dynamic attention theories of sensorimotor synchronisation, we assessed the time course of the propensity to tap within each cycle at a resolution of less than 13</span><span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mspace></mspace><mi>ms</mi></mrow></math></span><span>, identifying the influence of cues on the tapping propensity and the progress of learning their rhythmic patterns. We also sought to determine the trajectory of the putative refractory period (feedback inhibition of tapping) after each tap, and assessed the distribution of tap-cue asynchronies in a more finely resolved manner than usual. Our models also indicated complex kinetics of the feedback over about 100</span><span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mspace></mspace><mi>ms</mi></mrow></math></span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48062660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2