Journal of Mathematical Psychology最新文献

Experiment-based calibration in psychology: Foundational and data-generating model 心理学中基于实验的校准：基础和数据生成模型

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102950

Dominik R. Bach

{"title":"Experiment-based calibration in psychology: Foundational and data-generating model","authors":"Dominik R. Bach","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experiment-based calibration is a novel method for measurement validation, which – unlike classical validity metrics – does not require stable between-person variance. In this approach, the latent variable to be measured is manipulated by an experiment, and its predicted scores – termed standard scores – are compared against the measured scores. Previous work has shown that under plausible boundary conditions, the correlation between standard and measured scores – termed retrodictive validity – is informative about measurement accuracy, i.e. combined trueness and precision. Here, I expand these findings in several directions. First, I formalise the approach in a probability-theoretic framework with the concept of a standardised calibration space. Second, I relate this framework to classical validity theory and show that the boundary conditions in fact apply to any form of criterion validity, including classical convergent validity. Thus, I state precise and empirically quantifiable boundary conditions under which criterion validity metrics are informative on validity. Third, I relate these boundary conditions to confounding variables, i.e. correlated latent variables. I show that in the limit, calibration will converge on the latent variable that is most closely related to the standard. Finally, I provide a framework for modelling the data-generating process with Markov kernels, and identify sufficient conditions under which the data generation model results in a calibration space. In sum, this article provides a formal probability-theoretic framework for experiment-based calibration and facilitates modelling and empirical assessment of the data generating processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 102950"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Iverson’s law of similarity 关于艾弗森的相似定律

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102943

Eszter Gselmann , Christopher W. Doble , Yung-Fong Hsu

{"title":"On Iverson’s law of similarity","authors":"Eszter Gselmann , Christopher W. Doble , Yung-Fong Hsu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Iverson (2006b)</span></span> proposed the law of similarity <span><span><span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ξ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>λ</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mi>γ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>λ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ξ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>η</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>λ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span></span>for the sensitivity functions <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ξ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>∈</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. Compared to the former models, the generality of this one lies in that here <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span> can also depend on the variables <span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>s</mi></math></span>. In the literature, this model (or its special cases) is usually considered together with a given psychophysical representation (e.g. Fechnerian, subtractive, or affine). Our goal, however, is to study at first Iverson’s law of similarity on its own. We show that if certain mild assumptions are fulfilled, then <span><math><mi>ξ</mi></math></span> can be written in a rather simple form containing only one-variable functions. The obtained form proves to be very useful when we assume some kind of representation.</div><div>Motivated by <span><span>Hsu and Iverson (2016)</span></span>, we then study the above model assuming that the mapping <span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span> is multiplicatively translational. First, we show how these mappings can be characterized. Later we turn to the examination of Falmagne’s power law. According to our results, the corresponding function <span><math><mi>ξ</mi></math></span> can have a Fechnerian representation, and also it can have a subtractive representation. We close the paper with the study of the shift invariance property.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 102943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Causal analysis of absolute and relative risk reductions 绝对和相对风险降低的原因分析

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102942

Björn Meder , Charley M. Wu , Felix G. Rebitschek

{"title":"Causal analysis of absolute and relative risk reductions","authors":"Björn Meder , Charley M. Wu , Felix G. Rebitschek","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Any medical innovation must first prove its benefits with reliable evidence from clinical trials. Evidence is commonly expressed using two metrics, summarizing treatment benefits based on either absolute risk reductions (ARRs) or relative risk reductions (RRRs). Both metrics are derived from the same data, but they implement conceptually distinct ideas. Here, we analyze these risk reductions measures from a causal modeling perspective. First, we show that ARR is equivalent to <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math></span>, while RRR is equivalent to causal power, thus clarifying the implicit causal assumptions. Second, we show how this formal equivalence establishes a relationship with causal Bayes nets theory, offering a basis for incorporating risk reduction metrics into a computational modeling framework. Leveraging these analyses, we demonstrate that under dynamically varying baseline risks, ARRs and RRRs lead to strongly diverging predictions. Specifically, the inherent assumption of a linear parameterization of the underlying causal graph can lead to incorrect conclusions when generalizing treatment benefits (e.g, predicting the effect of a vaccine in new populations with different baseline risks). Our analyses highlight the shared principles underlying risk reduction metrics and measures of causal strength, emphasizing the potential for explicating causal structure and inference in medical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 102942"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of countable and continuous Richter–Peleg multi-utility representations 可数连续Richter-Peleg多效用表示的表征

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102940

Gianni Bosi , Esteban Induráin , Ana Munárriz , Yeray R. Rincón

{"title":"Characterization of countable and continuous Richter–Peleg multi-utility representations","authors":"Gianni Bosi , Esteban Induráin , Ana Munárriz , Yeray R. Rincón","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper contributes to the theoretical literature on decision models where agents may encounter challenges in comparing alternatives. We introduce a characterization of countable Richter–Peleg multi-utility representations, both semicontinuous (upper and lower) and continuous, within preorders that may not be total. The proposed theorems provide a comprehensive mathematical framework, complementing previous results of Alcantud et al. and Bosi on countable multi-utility representations. Our characterizations establish necessary and sufficient conditions through topological properties and constructive methods via indicator functions. Furthermore, we introduce a topological framework aligned with the property of strong local non-satiation and provide a novel theorem containing sufficient conditions for the existence of countable upper semi-continuous multi-utility representations of a preorder. The results demonstrate that preference representations can be achieved using countably many functions rather than uncountable families, with implications for computational tractability and the identification of maximal elements in optimization contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 102940"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An alternative attribute map for polytomous assessment structures 用于多单元评估结构的可选属性映射

IF 1.5 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102941

Bo Wang , Jinjin Li , Bochi Xu , Wen Sun , Yingru Lin

引用次数: 0

Random utility without regularity 无规律性的随机效用

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2025-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102938

Johannes Müller-Trede , Michel Regenwetter

{"title":"Random utility without regularity","authors":"Johannes Müller-Trede , Michel Regenwetter","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classical random utility models imply a consistency property called <em>regularity</em>. Decision makers who satisfy regularity are at least as likely to choose an option <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span> from a set <span><math><mi>X</mi></math></span> of available options as from any larger set <span><math><mi>Y</mi></math></span> that contains <span><math><mi>X</mi></math></span>. In light of ample empirical evidence for context-dependent choice that violates regularity, some researchers have questioned the descriptive validity of all random utility models. In this article, we show that not all random utility models imply regularity. We propose a general framework for random utility models that accommodate context dependence and may violate regularity. Mathematically, like the classical models, context-dependent random utility models form convex polytopes. They yield behavioral predictions for those choice sets from which choices are made, by specifying combinations of preference rankings across two or more contexts. We discuss how context-dependent models can be less or more parsimonious than the classical models. Random utility models with or without regularity can be tested with contemporary methods of order-constrained inference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 102938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The stochastic 2-binary choice problem 随机二叉选择问题

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102939

Paola Manzini , Marco Mariotti , Henrik Petri

引用次数: 0

Expected exponential discounting in inter-temporal decision making 跨期决策中的预期指数折现

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102927

Tom H. Rosenström , Alasdair I. Houston

引用次数: 0

Honey, I shrunk the irrelevant effects! Simple and flexible approximate Bayesian regularization 亲爱的，我缩小了无关的效果！简单灵活的近似贝叶斯正则化

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102925

Diana Karimova , Sara van Erp , Roger Th.A.J. Leenders , Joris Mulder

引用次数: 0

A concise mathematical description of active inference in discrete time 离散时间主动推理的简明数学描述

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2025.102921

Jesse van Oostrum , Carlotta Langer , Nihat Ay

引用次数: 0