Journal of Mathematical Psychology最新文献

Homomorphisms between problem spaces 问题空间之间的同构

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102888

Andrea Brancaccio, Luca Stefanutti

{"title":"Homomorphisms between problem spaces","authors":"Andrea Brancaccio, Luca Stefanutti","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In procedural knowledge space theory (PKST), a “problem space” is a formal representation of the knowledge that is needed for solving all of the problems of a certain type. The competence state of a real problem solver is a subset of the problem space which satisfies a specific condition, named the “sub-path assumption”. There could exist specific “symmetries” in a problem space that make certain parts of it “equivalent” up to those symmetries. Whenever an equivalence relation is introduced for elements in a problem space, the question almost naturally arises whether the collection of the induced equivalence classes forms, itself, a problem space. This is the main question addressed in the present article, which is restated as the problem of defining a homomorphism of one problem space into another problem space. Two types of homomorphisms are examined, which are named the “strong” and the “weak homomorphism”. The former corresponds to the usual notion of “operation preserving mapping”. The latter preserves operations in only one direction. Two algorithms are developed for testing the existence of homomorphisms between problem spaces. The notions and algorithms are illustrated in a series of three examples in which quite well-known neuro-psychological and cognitive tests are employed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the mathematical formalization of the Inhibited Elements Model 关于抑制要素模型的数学形式化

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102887

Natham Aguirre

引用次数: 0

Understanding the geometrical properties of an Ames room and controlling it systematically and quantitatively 了解艾美斯房间的几何特性，并对其进行系统和定量控制

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102885

Vladislav Myrov , Elena Gorina , Kristina Vodorezova , Maria Dvoeglazova , Ekaterina Koshmanova , Elena S. Gorbunova , Tadamasa Sawada

{"title":"Understanding the geometrical properties of an Ames room and controlling it systematically and quantitatively","authors":"Vladislav Myrov , Elena Gorina , Kristina Vodorezova , Maria Dvoeglazova , Ekaterina Koshmanova , Elena S. Gorbunova , Tadamasa Sawada","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within an Ames room, the perceived size of objects, such as people, changes dynamically when the objects move about within the room. The shape of the Ames room is not actually rectangular but it is perceived to be rectangular. Unfortunately, the geometrical properties of the Ames room have often been misunderstood, and rooms that have different shapes are also referred to as “Ames rooms” in many articles. In this study, the geometrical properties of the original Ames rooms constructed by Adelbert Ames, Jr. were analyzed and the generalization of the Ames room was discussed. We found that these original Ames rooms are 3D-to-3D perspective transformations of rectangular illusory rooms. Based on this analysis, we also developed a computational model that can construct a generalized Ames room that has a hexahedral shape with some free parameters that quantitatively control (i) the size and aspect-ratio of a rectangular illusory room, (ii) the amount of distortion of the Ames room from a rectangular room, and (iii) the viewpoint of an observer. This model was implemented as a computational program so that an Ames room can be constructed in a VR space. Note that the transformations of the Ames rooms can be applied to an arbitrary 3D scene and that they can be regarded as members of a subset of 3D-to-3D perspective transformations. Any perspective transformation in this subset distorts the 3D scene in such a way that the retinal image of the distorted scene, when seen from a specific viewpoint, is identical to the retinal image of the initial scene, when seen from a specific viewpoint. These generalizations allow us to control the conditions of an Ames room systematically with more flexibility when we study this illusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A computational account of self-control 自我控制的计算方法

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102886

Gaurav Suri, Kenneth R. Paap

{"title":"A computational account of self-control","authors":"Gaurav Suri, Kenneth R. Paap","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-control is core to human well-being. However, the lack of a well-specified, computationally tractable framework related to self-control makes it difficult to clarify underlying mechanisms, interpret relevant empirical phenomena, or develop interventions helpful in promoting self-control. To help address this gap, we invite consideration of the Comparison with Goal States Model (CGSM) for self-control. The CGSM amplifies activations related to available options whose representations are similar to representations of relevant goals and diminishes activations related to available options whose representations are dissimilar to representations of relevant goals. For example, influenced by healthy eating goals, the CGSM would amplify activations related to an apple and diminish activations related to a cookie, leading to an eventual preference for the apple, even though the cookie might be initially preferred. The CGSM successfully explicates observations related to reaction time in food choice, dynamics reflected in mouse-tracking trajectories, and showcases a mechanism by which hyperbolic discount curves in temporal discounting contexts might emerge. We use the CGSM to propose theoretical constraints on the nature of self-control and describe how multiple strategies have the potential to promote self-control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Coupled Hidden Markov Model framework for measuring the dynamics of categorization 测量分类动态的耦合隐马尔可夫模型框架

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102884

Manuel Villarreal, Michael D. Lee

{"title":"A Coupled Hidden Markov Model framework for measuring the dynamics of categorization","authors":"Manuel Villarreal, Michael D. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce a new framework for measuring the dynamics of category learning using Coupled Hidden Markov Models (CHMMs). The key assumptions of the framework are that people maintain a latent assignment of every stimulus to a category, and that they can update the assignments for all stimuli whenever they encounter any stimulus. These assumptions contrast with many existing accounts of category learning, which either do not allow for what is learned about one stimulus to influence the category association of others, or allow only for indirect influence. The CHMM framework allows tailored models to be developed for specific category learning tasks, taking as input the stimulus sequence and category responses people make, and producing as output inferences about the underlying dynamics of category assignments and the mechanics of the response processes. We demonstrate the framework by applying it to a categorization task considered by Lee and Navarro (2002), showing how the model measures the change in participants’ latent category assignments as they learn the category structure. We conclude by discussing potential applications of the CHMM framework to category learning situations involving prior knowledge, changing category structures, and category learning tasks that involve the consideration of multiple stimuli at one time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Making valuations with the priority heuristic 用优先权启发式进行估值

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102883

Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos

{"title":"Making valuations with the priority heuristic","authors":"Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The priority heuristic is a lexicographic semi-order for choosing between gambles. It has merits such as predicting, out-of-sample, people's majority choice more accurately than benchmarks such as prospect theory, having been axiomatized, and logically implying major violations of expected utility theory. The heuristic has shortcomings too, such as failing to account for individual differences and intricate choice patterns, and predicting less accurately than various model ensembles and neural networks in some environments. This note focuses on an important purported shortcoming of the heuristic, that it cannot produce valuations of gambles. I point out that the certainty equivalent of a gamble for the priority heuristic is known and suggest that this fact can be used to enhance the scope of the heuristic. Indeed, by making simple auxiliary assumptions and calculations, I demonstrate that the priority heuristic can explain the Saint Petersburg paradox and the equity premium puzzle, and to do so arguably more parsimoniously and plausibly than standard approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002224962400052X/pdfft?md5=33d571a5e4e5b946fd089948c0769780&pid=1-s2.0-S002224962400052X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bayesian networks and knowledge structures in cognitive assessment: Remarks on basic comparable aspects 认知评估中的贝叶斯网络和知识结构：关于基本可比性的评论

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102875

Luigi Burigana

引用次数: 0

Invariance of comparisons: Separation of item and person parameters beyond Rasch models 比较的不变性：Rasch 模型之外的项目参数和人称参数分离

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102876

Gerhard Tutz

引用次数: 0

Measuring a thought 衡量思想

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102868

Stephen W Link

引用次数: 0

Measuring the velocity of spatio-temporal attention waves 测量时空注意力波的速度

IF 2.2 4区心理学

Journal of Mathematical Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102874

Richard J. Jagacinski , Aijia Ma , Tyler N. Morrison

{"title":"Measuring the velocity of spatio-temporal attention waves","authors":"Richard J. Jagacinski , Aijia Ma , Tyler N. Morrison","doi":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmp.2024.102874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A sequence of visual or auditory events may be perceived as a single continuing sequence or as two or more separate sequences occurring in parallel. The latter percept occurs when the perceived distance between events is large, and the timing is fast, and is referred to as “streaming.” Several researchers have previously argued that streaming indicates a velocity constraint on the movement of attention. To test this hypothesis the present experiment measured tradeoffs between distance and timing for the onset or loss of streaming in a rectangular pattern of displayed lights. Two linear tradeoffs were found, one corresponding to the loss of streaming when the light pattern was slowed down, and one corresponding to the onset of streaming when the light pattern was sped up. The slopes of these linear relations are interpreted as integer multiples of the velocity of spatio-temporal attention waves. A process model postulates that participants adjust the wavelength of their spatio-temporal attentional traveling wave to match the height of the displayed rectangle. Streaming is assumed to occur when peaks in the attentional traveling wave coincide with the onsets of lights at the top and bottom of the displayed rectangle. Additional supporting evidence for temporal and spatial attention waves is reviewed. This model may be useful for understanding some forms of attentional deficits as well as expert attentional skills arising in musical performance, sports, meditation, and other tasks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mathematical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0