medRxiv - Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Targeting Maternal Gut Microbiome to Improve Mental Health Outcomes-A Pilot Feasibility Trial","authors":"Faith Gallant, Neda Ebrahimi, Sophie Grigoriadis, Kieran Cooley","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.08.24303670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.08.24303670","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background\u0000Perinatal Depression and anxiety (PDA) is prevalent in new and expectant mothers affecting millions of women worldwide. Those with a history of mood and anxiety disorders are at the greatest risk of experiencing PDA at a subsequent pregnancy. Current safety concerns with pharmacological treatments have led to a greater need for adjunctive treatment options for PDA. Changes in the composition of the microbiome have been associated with various diseases during pregnancy and these changes are thought to be at least partially at play in perinatal mood disorders. While the relation between PDA and the microbiome has not been explored, evidence suggests that nutritional interventions, with fiber, fish oils, and probiotics, may play a favorable role in neuropsychiatric outcomes during and after pregnancy. The primary objective of the present study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a combination of non-pharmacological interventions in currently stable and pregnant women with a history of anxiety and/or depression. This study will also aim to understand ease of recruitment, treatment compliance, and protocol adherence in this cohort. Methods\u0000This a single centered, partially randomized-placebo controlled-double blind feasibility trial. 100 pregnant women, with a history of depression and/or anxiety/PDA will be recruited and randomized into one of four arms which could include: receiving a daily dose of both investigational products and dietary counselling on increasing dietary fiber, receiving a daily dose of both investigational drugs only, receiving fish oil investigational product and placebo, and a control arm with no intervention. The study involves six study visits, all of which can be conducted virtually every 3 months from the time of enrollment. At all study visits, information on diet, mental health, physical activity, and sleep quality will be collected. Additionally, all participants will provide a stool sample at each visit. Discussion It is anticipated that pregnant women with a history of depression and anxiety will be particularly interested in partaking in this trial, resulting in favourable recruitment rates. Given the positive findings of O3FA and probiotic supplements on mental health symptoms in non-pregnant adults, we expect a similar trend in PDA symptoms, with a low likelihood of adverse events. This study will build the foundation for larger powered studied to further contribute evidence for the efficacy of this potential treatment option. Trial Registration This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials/gov on October 6, 2023; NCT06074250. Trial Sponsor: The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, 1255 Sheppard Ave E, Toronto, ON M2K 1E2, 416-498-1255. Steering committee: [ The committee meets monthly to oversee the trial. Keywords Mental health, Maternal health, Nutrition, Omega-3 fatty acids, Probiotics, Fiber","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron status in a representative sample of US pregnant women is not associated with pre-pregnancy BMI: results from the NHANES (1999-2010) study","authors":"Kelly Gallagher, Mihaela A Ciulei, Djibril Ba, Celeste Beck, Ruth A Pobee, Alison D Gernand, Rachel Walker","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.07.24303958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.07.24303958","url":null,"abstract":"Iron deficiency in pregnancy is related to many poor health outcomes, including anemia and low birth weight. A small number of previous studies have identified maternal body mass index (BMI) as potential risk factors for poor iron status. Our objective was to examine the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and iron status in a nationally representative sample of US adult women. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 1999-2010) for pregnant women ages 18-49 years (n=1156). BMI (kg/m2) was calculated using pre-pregnancy weight (self-reported) and height (measured at examination). Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as total body iron (calculated from serum ferritin and transferrin receptor using Cook’s equation) < 0 mg/kg and anemia as hemoglobin < 11 g/dL. Associations were examined using weighted Poisson regression models, adjusted for confounders (age, race/ethnicity, education, family income, and trimester). Approximately 14% of pregnant women had ID and 8% had anemia in this sample. There were no differences in the prevalence of ID or anemia in women with pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity (ID: overweight, adjusted prevalence ratio (PR)=1.28, 95%CI: 0.89-1.83; obesity, PR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.39-1.45; anemia: overweight, PR=1.08, 95%CI: 0.53-2.19; obesity, PR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.49-2.01) compared to women with a normal BMI. Findings from these US nationally representative data indicate that iron status in pregnancy does not differ by pre-pregnancy BMI. Since iron deficiency during pregnancy remains a significant public health concern, NHANES should consider measuring current iron status in upcoming cycles.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140074505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation equation of limb lean soft tissue mass in Asian athletes using bioelectrical impedance analysis","authors":"Yeong-Kang Lai, Chu-Ying Ho, Ai-Chun Huang, Hsueh-Kuan Lu, Kuen-Chang Hsieh","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.07.24303957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.07.24303957","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) of the limbs is approximately 63% of total skeletal muscle mass. For athletes, measurement of limb LSTM is the basis for rapid estimation of skeletal muscle mass. This study aimed to establish the estimation equation of LSTM in Asian athletes using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).\u0000Methods: A total of 198 athletes (121 males, 77 females; mean age 22.04 ± 5.57 years) from different sports in Taiwan were enrolled. A modeling group (MG) of 2/3 (n = 132) of subjects and a validation group (VG) of 1/3 (n = 68) were randomly assigned. Resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were measured using 50KHz current measurement in whole-body mode. Predictor variables were height (h), weight (W), age, gender, Xc, resistance index (RI; RI = h2 / R). LSTM of arms and legs measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was the response variable. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis method was used to establish BIA estimation equations as ArmsLSTMBIA-Asian and LegsLSTMBIA-Asian. Estimation equations performance was confirmed by cross-validation.\u0000Results: Estimation equation \"ArmsLSTMBIA-Asian= 0.096 h2/R – 1.132 gender + 0.030 Weight + 0.022 Xc – 0.022 h + 0.905, r2 = 0.855, SEE = 0.757 kg, n = 132\" and \"LegsLSTMBIA Asian = 0.197h2/R\" + 0.120 h – 1.242 gender + 0.055 Weight – 0.052 Age + 0.033 Xc –16.136, r2 = 0.916, SEE = 1.431 kg, n = 132\" were obtained from MG. Using DXA measurement results of VG for correlation analysis and Limit of Agreement (LOA) of Bland-Altman Plot, ArmsLST is 0.924, -1.53 to 1.43 kg, and LegsLST is 0.957, -2.68 to 2.90 kg.\u0000Conclusion: The established single-frequency BIA hand-to-foot estimation equation quickly and accurately measures LSTM of the arms and legs of Asian athletes.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140074508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of emerging nutritional factors impacting health outcomes: KOMPAS prospective family cohort study","authors":"Eliska Selinger, Marina Henikova, Martin Svetnicka, Anna Ouradova, Monika Cahova, Jana Potockova, Pavel Dlouhy, Dana Hrncirova, Eva El Lababidi, Jan Gojda","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.03.24303671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.03.24303671","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The dietary habits of the population are undergone dramatic changes in recent years, with an increasing proportion of people adopting different variants of plant-based diets, limiting their consumption of food of animal origin. Moreover, the shift toward a plant-based diet is supported by scientific reports promoting them as a more sustainable dietary option, which is necessary to adopt on a global scale to mitigate the human influence on climate change. However, despite their growing popularity, many questions regarding their safety and long-term health effects remain unanswered. One of the biggest concerns is the health impact during childhood and adolescence, due to the higher risk of development of severe nutritional deficiencies accompanied by the lack of good quality evidence to guide clinical recommendations and management in those groups. To close the knowledge gap, we decided to establish a family cohort study with increased representation of vegetarian and vegan families with the aim to describe not only adult and child-specific outcomes associated with plant-based diet, but also shared family risks. The aim of the presented manuscript is to introduce the background of the establishment of the family cohort study and provide a description of its protocol.\u0000Methods: To investigate the long-term effect of these newly emerging dietary habits, a cohort of families with at least one child under 7 years of age and with the same diet followed by all members was established. The goal for the first year of the study was to recruit at least 40 vegetarian, 40 vegan, and 60-80 omnivore families. At the time of enrollment, biological samples, as well as medical history, together with 3 day dietary records, were taken. The initial active follow-up is planned for at least 5 years.\u0000Ethics and dissemination: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board no. EK-VP/391012. The results of the study will serve as a basis for future research, as well as clinical guidelines and dietary recommendations in Czechia and neighboring regions.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140032938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol consumption and long-term risk of gout in men and women: a prospective study addressing potential reverse causation","authors":"Jie-Qiong Lyu, Xian-Zhen Peng, Jia-Min Wang, Meng-Yuan Miao, Hao-Wei Tao, Miao Zhao, Jie Zhu, Jing Yang, Jing-Si Chen, Li-Qiang Qin, Wei Chen, Guo-Chong Chen","doi":"10.1101/2024.02.28.24303525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.28.24303525","url":null,"abstract":"Background: While specific alcoholic beverages have been associated with gout, the influence of residual confounding and potential reverse-causation bias on these associations remains to be addressed. Methods: The exploratory analysis included 218,740 men and 271,389 women free of gout at recruitment of the UK Biobank. Among these, 181,925 men and 223,700 women remained for the final analysis where potential reverse causation was addressed, i.e., by excluding participants who had or were likely to have reduced alcohol intake due to health issues at baseline, in addition to cases that were identified within the first 2 years of follow-up. Results: In the final analysis, current drinkers had a higher risk of gout than never drinkers in men (HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.39-2.28) but not in women (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.68-1.03). Among current drinkers, higher alcohol consumption was associated a substantially higher risk of gout in men and a moderately higher risk in women. The most evident sex difference in the consumption of specific alcoholic beverages was observed for beer/cider (mean: 4.16 vs. 0.44 pints/week in men and women, respectively). Consumption of champagne/white wine, beer/cider, and spirits each was associated with a higher risk of gout in both sexes, with beer/cider showing the strongest association (HR per 1 pint/d = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.49-1.61 in men; HR per 1 pint/d = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.14-2.57 in women). In the exploratory analysis, low to moderate consumption of specific alcoholic beverages were widely associated with a lower risk of gout, whereas all these inverse associations were eliminated in the final analysis. For example, red wine intake was associated with a lower risk of gout in women in the exploratory analysis (HR per 1 glass/d = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69-0.90), but not after adjusting for other alcoholic beverages and addressing potential reverse causation (HR per 1 glass/d = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.77-1.06). Conclusions: Consumption of total and several specific alcoholic beverages is associated with a higher risk of gout in both sexes. The sex-specific associations for total alcohol consumption may be attributable to differences in the type of alcohol consumed rather than biological differences between men and women.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140002189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food insecurity prevalence among tertiary students in Ghana","authors":"Geoffrey Adebayo Asalu, Evelyn Agbetsise, Crystal Bubune Letsa, Charlotte Ofori","doi":"10.1101/2024.02.27.24303448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.27.24303448","url":null,"abstract":"Background Food insecurity (FI) is a collective term for inadequate access to available, affordable, and safe nutritious food. FI could affect students' health and academic performance adversely. Currently, there is a paucity of research on food insecurity among tertiary students in Ghana. This study determined the prevalence of food insecurity among tertiary students in an Eastern city of Ghana. Materials and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 411 respondents from four tertiary institutions. The United States Department of Agriculture Adult Household Food Security Survey (HFSS) Module tool was used to collect information on students’ food insecurity status. Data were entered with Epi-data version 3.0 software and then exported into Stata/MP version 16.0 for analysis. For all statistical tests, a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The prevalence of food insecurity was 61.0%. Of these, 40.4% had very low food security and 20.2% had low food security. Multiple logistic regression showed that the odds of food insecurity were significantly higher for students who did not have family support [AOR=2.56 (95% CI:1.17 - 5.63), p= 0.019] as compared to those who had family support and students whose fathers were farmers compared to fathers who were employed [AOR=2.71 (95% CI:1.49 - 4.92), p= 0.001]. Conclusion The study found high levels of food insecurity among tertiary students in Hohoe. An insight into food insecurity among this at-risk population group requires further investigation and action. There is an urgent need for research to better understand the severity and persistence of food insecurity among higher education students in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140002242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic and Behavioral Factors Associated with Diet Quality among Low-income Community Health Center Patients with Hypertension","authors":"Jessica Cheng, Katherine C Faulkner, Ashlie Malone, Kristine D Gu, Anne N Thorndike","doi":"10.1101/2024.02.18.24303009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.18.24303009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Identify the most important sociodemographic and behavioral factors related to the diet of low-income adults with hypertension in order to guide the development of a community health worker (CHW) healthy eating intervention for low-income populations with hypertension.\u0000Design: In this cross-sectional analysis, dietary recalls were used to assess Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) total (range: 0 to 100 [best diet quality]) and component scores and sodium intake. Self-reported sociodemographic and behavioral data were entered into a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model to determine the relative importance of factors related to diet quality.\u0000Setting: Five community health centers in Boston, Massachusetts.\u0000Participants: Adults (>20 years old) with a hypertension diagnosis.\u0000Results: Participants (N=291) were mostly female (65.0%), on Medicaid (82.8%), food insecure (59.5%), and Hispanic (52.2%). The mean (95% CI) HEI-2020 score was 63.0 (62.3, 65.7) Component scores were low for sodium and whole grains; mean (SE) sodium intake was 2676.9 (45.5) mg/day. The most important factors associated with lower HEI-2020 scores were: not having own housing, male gender, tobacco use, marijuana use, and skipping meals; the most important factors associated with higher HEI-2020 scores were Hispanic ethnicity and receipt of community food resources (5-fold cross-validated R2=0.17).\u0000Conclusions: In this population of low-income adults with hypertension, diet quality would be improved by reducing sodium and increasing whole grain intake. Healthy eating interventions among low-income populations should consider providing dietary guidance in the context of behavioral factors (e.g., meal skipping) and substance use (e.g., marijuana) and should address barriers to health eating through referral to community food resources (e.g., food pantries).","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139910292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a diverse prebiotic fibre blend on inflammation, the gut microbiota, and affective symptoms: A pilot open label randomised controlled trial","authors":"Caitlin V Hall, Piril Hepsomali, Boushra Dalile, Leonardo Scapozza, Thomas Gurry","doi":"10.1101/2024.02.12.24302681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.12.24302681","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging evidence suggests that low-grade systemic inflammation plays a key role in altering brain activity, behaviour, and affect. Modulation of the gut microbiota using prebiotic fibre offers a potential therapeutic tool to regulate inflammation, mediated via the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, the impact of prebiotic consumption on affective symptoms, and the possible contribution from inflammation, gut symptoms, and the gut microbiome, is currently underexamined. In this 12-week study, the effects of a diverse prebiotic blend on inflammation, gut microbiota profiles, and affective symptoms in a population with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was examined. Sixty patients meeting the criteria for MetS were randomised into a treatment group (n = 40), receiving 10g per day of a diverse prebiotic blend and healthy eating advice and a control group (n = 20), receiving healthy eating advice only. Our results showed a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP), alongside improvements in self-reported affective scores in the treatment compared to the control group. While there were no differences in relative abundance between groups at week 12, there was a significant increase from baseline to week 12 in Bifidobacterium and Parabacteroides in the treatment group, both of which are recognised as SCFA producers. Multivariate regression analyses further revealed that changes in affective scores were positively associated with both gastrointestinal symptoms and CRP. Together, this study provides preliminary support for the use of a diverse prebiotic blend for mood, stress, and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139751378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between genetically predicted iron status and cardiovascular disease risk: A Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Alexa Barad, Andrew G Clark, Kimberly O O'Brien, Eva K Pressman","doi":"10.1101/2024.02.05.24302373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.05.24302373","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mendelian randomization (MR) studies suggest a causal effect of iron (Fe) status on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but it is unknown if these associations are confounded by pleiotropic effects of the instrumental variables (IV) on CVD risk factors. We aimed to investigate the effect of Fe status on CVD risk controlling for CVD risk factors. Methods: Fe biomarker IVs (total Fe binding capacity (TIBC, n=208,422), transferrin saturation (TSAT, n=198,516), serum Fe (SI, n=236,612), ferritin (n=257,953)) were selected from a European GWAS meta-analysis. We performed two-sample univariate (UV) MR of each Fe trait on CVD outcomes (all-cause ischemic stroke (IS), cardioembolic IS (CES), large artery IS (LAS), small vessel IS (SVS), and coronary heart disease (CHD)) from MEGASTROKE (n=440,328) and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D (n=183,305). We then implemented multivariate (MV) MR conditioning on six CVD risk factors from independent European samples to evaluate their potential confounding and/or mediating effects on the observed Fe-CVD associations. Results: With UVMR analyses, we found higher genetically predicted Fe status to be associated with a greater risk of CES (TSAT: OR 1.17 [95%CI 1.03, 1.33], SI: OR 1.21 [ 95%CI 1.02, 1.44]; TIBC: OR 0.81 [95%CI 0.69, 0.94]). The detrimental effects of Fe status on CES risk remained unaffected when adjusting for CVD risk factors (all P<0.05). Additionally, we found diastolic blood pressure (DBP) to mediate between 7.1-8.8% of the total effect of Fe status on CES incidence. While UVMR initially suggested a protective effect of Fe status on LAS and CHD, MVMR analyses factoring CVD risk factors revealed a complete annulment of this perceived protective effect (all P>0.05).\u0000Discussion: Higher Fe status was associated with a greater risk of CES independent of CVD risk factors, and this effect was partly mediated by DBP. These findings support a role of Fe status as a modifiable risk factor for CES.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"254 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139751389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School and meal characteristics associated with plate waste in K-12 cafeterias in the United States","authors":"Eunice S. Adjapong, Kathryn E. Bender, Sophia Schaefer, Brian E Roe","doi":"10.1101/2024.02.06.24302396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.06.24302396","url":null,"abstract":"Food wasted in primary and secondary education institutions creates nutritional losses, financial inefficiencies, and environmental degradation. While there is some evidence of how particular interventions within schools may influence the amount of waste created, there is little recent information about typical levels of food waste observed in U.S. schools and how these correlate with school and meal characteristics. We analyze data reported by more than 100 schools from 24 states as part of the World Wildlife Fund’s Food Waste Warriors project and identify how plate and beverage waste from school lunches are associated with school and meal service characteristics. We find schools that permit students to choose their own amount of milk report 76% less milk waste than those reliant upon individual milk cartons while schools that implement at least one non-curricular intervention (e.g., a table where students can share unopened) report significantly less produce waste than other schools. We confirm several patterns observed or hypothesized in the literature, including more waste generated by younger students and during the earliest and shortest lunch periods. We document several novel associations including more plate waste at smaller schools, during winter months and in the Northeast region. We find several nuanced patterns of waste related to the prevalence of free and reduced meal service and whether all meal elements are offered versus served. While this study cannot support rigorous evaluation of intervention effectiveness, it provides insights into school and program characteristics that may pose challenges for schools interested in reducing student plate waste.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139751501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}