medRxiv - Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Demographic and health characteristics associated with fish and n-3 fatty acid supplement intake during pregnancy: results from pregnancy cohorts in the ECHO program","authors":"Emily Oken, Rashelle J. Musci, Matthew Westlake, Kennedy Gachigi, Judy L. Aschner, Kathrine L. Barnes, Teresa M. Bastain, Claudia Buss, Carlos A. Camargo, Jose F Cordero, Dana Dabelea, Anne L. Dunlop, Akhgar Ghassabian, Alison E. Hipwell, Christine W. Hockett, Margaret R. Karagas, Claudia Lugo-Candelas, Amy E. Margolis, Thomas G. O'Connor, Coral L. Shuster, Jennifer K. Straughen, Kristen Lyall","doi":"10.1101/2023.11.17.23298695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.17.23298695","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid consumption during pregnancy is recommended for optimal pregnancy outcomes and offspring health. We examined characteristics associated with self-reported fish or omega-3 supplement intake.\u0000Design: Pooled pregnancy cohort studies.\u0000Setting: Cohorts participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium with births from 1999-2020.\u0000Participants: A total of 10,800 pregnant people in 23 cohorts with food frequency data on fish consumption; 12,646 from 35 cohorts with information on supplement use.\u0000Results: Overall, 24.6% reported consuming fish never or less than once per month, 40.1% less than once a week, 22.1% 1-2 times per week, and 13.2% more than twice per week. The relative risk (RR) of ever (vs. never) consuming fish was higher in participants who were older (1.14, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.18 for 35-40 vs. <29 years), were other than non-Hispanic White (1.13, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.18 for non-Hispanic Black; 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10 for non-Hispanic Asian; 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10 for Hispanic), or used tobacco (1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08). The RR was lower in those with overweight vs. healthy weight (0.97, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.0). Only 16.2% reported omega-3 supplement use, which was more common among individuals with a higher age and education, a lower BMI, and fish consumption (RR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.82 for twice-weekly vs. never). Conclusions: One-quarter of participants in this large nationwide dataset rarely or never consumed fish during pregnancy, and omega-3 supplement use was uncommon, even among those who did not consume fish.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy consumption and incident cardiovascular disease: a global analysis","authors":"Pan Zhuang, Xiaohui Liu, Yin Li, Yuqi Wu, Hao Ye, Xuzhi Wan, Lange Zhang, Yang Ao, Denghui Meng, Yimei Tian, Xiaomei Yu, Fan Zhang, Anli Wang, Yu Zhang, Jingjing Jiao","doi":"10.1101/2023.11.14.23298545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.14.23298545","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The role of dairy products in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains highly debated. Our study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association between dairy consumption and CVD risk in Eastern and Western countries. METHODS: Cohort analyses include 487 212 individuals from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) and 418 895 individuals from the UK Biobank (UKB). Dairy consumption was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires. We calculated hazard ratios using multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models. The primary outcome was incident CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. An updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was further conducted. RESULTS: A total of 98 954 CVD cases occurred during a mean follow-up of 8.6 years in CKB and 11.3 years in UKB. In CKB, regular dairy consumption (mainly liquid whole milk) was not associated with CVD risk but significantly associated with a 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5% to 13%) higher CHD risk and a 6% (95% CI, 3% to 9%) lower stroke risk compared with non/rare consumers. In UKB, total dairy consumption was associated with lower risk of CVD, CHD and ischemic stroke. Cheese consumption was associated with lower CVD risk. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) comparing [≥] 7 times/week to the < 2 times/week of cheese were 0.88 (0.83-0.94) for CVD, 0.88 (0.82?0.94) for CHD, and 0.97 (0.85-1.11) for stroke. Semi-skimmed milk consumers had decreased risk of CVD and stroke. In the updated meta-analysis, total dairy consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of CVD (relative risk [RR], 0.963; 95% CI, 0.932 to 0.995; 26 risk estimates) and stroke (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.98; 14 risk estimates). Inverse associations with CVD incidence were found for cheese (0.94; 0.91 to 0.97; 20 risk estimates) and low-fat dairy (0.96; 0.92 to 0.99; 20 risk estimates) but not milk and yogurt. CONCLUSIONS: Total dairy consumption is associated with a lower risk of total CVD and stroke overall but relationships vary by types of dairy products. Cheese and low-fat dairy consumption may be advocated for the primary prevention of CVD.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of household use of multiple micronutrient-fortified bouillon on micronutrient status among women and children in two districts in the Northern Region of Ghana: Protocol for the Condiment Micronutrient Innovation Trial (CoMIT), a community-based randomized controlled trial","authors":"Reina Engle-Stone, K. Ryan Wessells, Marjorie J Haskell, Sika M Kumordzie, Charles D Arnold, Jennie N Davis, Emily R Becher, Ahmed D Fuseini, Kania W Nyaaba, Xiuping Tan, Katherine P Adams, Georg Lietz, Stephen A Vosti, Seth Adu-Afarwuah","doi":"10.1101/2023.07.19.23292899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.19.23292899","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in West Africa, particularly among women of reproductive age (WRA) and young children. Bouillon is a promising food fortification vehicle due to its widespread consumption. This study aims to evaluate the impact of multiple micronutrient-fortified bouillon cubes, compared to control bouillon cubes (fortified with iodine only), on micronutrient status and hemoglobin concentrations among lactating and non-lactating WRA and young children in northern Ghana. Methods: This randomized, controlled doubly-masked trial will be conducted in the Kumbungu and Tolon districts in the Northern Region of Ghana, where prior data indicate multiple micronutrient deficiencies are common. Participants will be: 1) non-pregnant non-lactating WRA (15-49 y), 2) children 2-5 y, and 3) non-pregnant lactating women 4-18 months postpartum. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to receive household rations of one of two types of bouillon cubes: 1) a multiple micronutrient-fortified bouillon cube containing vitamin A, folic acid, vitamin B12, iron, zinc, and iodine, or 2) a control cube containing iodine only. Each participant household will receive a ration of bouillon cubes every 2 weeks, and households will be advised to prepare meals as usual, using the study-provided cubes. The trial duration will be 9 months for non-pregnant non-lactating WRA and children, and 3 months for lactating women. The primary outcomes will be changes in biomarkers of micronutrient status and hemoglobin. Secondary outcomes will include change in prevalence of micronutrient deficiency and anemia; dietary intake of bouillon and micronutrients; inflammation, malaria, and morbidity symptoms; and child growth and development. Discussion: Evidence from this study will inform discussions about bouillon fortification in Ghana and West Africa. Trial Registration: The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05178407) and the Pan-African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202206868437931). This manuscript reflects protocol version 4 (August 29, 2022).","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138516416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}