medRxiv - Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"The Association Between Dietary Changes to Lose Weight and Mental Health Status in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006","authors":"Jihyun Jane Min, Keeyoon Noh, Sojeong Nam, Alejandra Ellison-Barnes","doi":"10.1101/2024.02.01.24302138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.01.24302138","url":null,"abstract":"Background Weight loss is a common endeavor taken by millions of residents annually in the U.S.—a country with a 31% overweight and 42% obesity rate. Weight loss is associated with numerous physical health benefits, such as better cardiovascular health. However, unhealthy weight loss strategies can cause adverse mental health effects. Past research has focused on how weight loss strategies affect the mental health of a general population—rather than those who are trying to lose weight—or has investigated a diverse array of weight loss strategies. This paper explores how dietary changes for weight loss are associated with mental health, specifically through several variables used in the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9), which measures depression severity. We hypothesize that eating less and skipping meals will be associated with poorer mental health status, while eating fewer carbohydrates, eating less fat, and drinking more water will be associated with better mental health status. Methods and Findings This study uses the U.S. 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005. Univariate (descriptive statistics), bivariate (correlation coefficient), and multivariate (ordinal logistic regression) analyses were performed. The main results show that ‘skipped meals’ was positively associated with ‘feeling bad about yourself,’ ‘feeling down, depressed, or hopeless,’ and ‘little interest in doing things.’ ‘Ate fewer carbohydrates’ was negatively associated with the ‘little interest in doing things.’ Conclusion Differing dietary changes used for weight loss, particularly skipping meals and eating fewer carbohydrates, are associated with differences in mental health status. Health care professionals providing weight loss guidance should be cognizant of patients’ baseline mental health and the potential for changes in mental health with different dietary strategies. Future research employing a longitudinal approach to determine whether there is evidence of a causal relationship between these and other dietary strategies and subsequent mental health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139679854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Burnout Syndrome among Dietitians in Arar, Saudi Arabi","authors":"bushra albadareen, Nasser Alqahtani, Amna Mohammad-Mahmood","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.30.24301842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.30.24301842","url":null,"abstract":"This study identified and described the status of burnout experienced by Saudi dietitians in various settings. A questionnaire was sent to 160 members who were invited to participate via informal networks. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) scale was used to measure burnout status. The CBI comprises three subscales: personal burnout PB (six items), work burnout WB (seven items), and client-related burnout CB (six items). Among the 160 participants in this study, 94 participants (58.75%) experienced burnout. most of the participants had moderate PB (n = 49, 30.6%), low WB (n = 58, 36.3%), and moderate CB (n = 73, 45.6%). These results suggest that the Saudi dietitians as a group perceive themselves to be moderately personal and client-related burnout, and to have a low level of work burnout. Further analysis also suggests that Saudi dietitians in nontraditional settings experience more burnout than those in healthcare clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"2673 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139663961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Eat - A Personalized Circadian Eating Schedule Leads to Weight Loss Without Calorie Restriction: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Isabell Wilming, Jana Tuschewski, Jessie M Osterhaus, Theresa JG Bringmann, Anisja Huehne-Landgraf, Dominic Landgraf","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.30.24301983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.30.24301983","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Many weight loss strategies are based on the restriction of calories or certain foods. Here, we tested a weight loss intervention based solely on increasing the regularity of meals to allow the circadian system to optimally prepare food metabolism for these times. Participants & Methods: In a two-group, single center randomized-controlled single-blind study (pre-registration DRKS00021419) with participants aged 18-65 years and BMI ≥ 22 kg/m², we used a smartphone application to identify the times at which each participant eats particularly frequently and asked participants of the experimental group to restrict their meals to only these times for six weeks. Control participants received sham treatment. Primary outcome was self-reported body weight/BMI and secondary outcome the well-being of participants. Results: Of 148 participants entering the study, 121 were randomized and of these 100 (control: 33, experimental: 67) finished the study. Our results show that the more regular the meals of participants of the experimental group became, the more weight/BMI they lost, averaging 2.62 kg (0.87 kg/m²); p < 0.0001 (BMI: p < 0.0001) compared to an insignificant weight loss of 0.56 kg (0.20 kg/m²) in the control group; p = 0.0918 (BMI: p = 0.0658). Strikingly, weight loss was not related to changes in self-reported calories, food composition, and other food-related factors. Additionally, physical and mental well-being improved significantly. Conclusion: In summary, increasing the regularity of meals causes participants to lose excess body weight and improves overall well-being.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139659355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overnutrition is a risk factor for iron deficiency in children and young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of micronutrient deficiencies and the double burden of malnutrition","authors":"Xiaomian Tan, Pui Yee Tan, Yun Yun Gong, J Bernadette Moore","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.22.24301603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.22.24301603","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction\u0000Traditionally associated with undernutrition, increasing evidence suggests micronutrient deficiencies can co-exist with overnutrition. Therefore, this work aimed to systematically review the associations between iron, zinc and vitamin A status and weight status (both under- and overweight) in children and young people.\u0000Methods\u0000Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for observational studies assessing micronutrient status (blood, serum, or plasma levels of iron, zinc, or vitamin A biomarkers) and weight status (body mass index or other anthropometric measurement) in humans under 25 years of any ethnicity and gender. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. Where possible, random effects restricted maximum likelihood (REML) meta-analyses were performed. PROSPERO (CRD42020221523).\u0000Results\u0000After screening, 83 observational studies involving 190,443 participants from 44 countries were identified, with many studies having reported on more than one micronutrient and/or weight status indicator. Iron was the most investigated micronutrient, with 46, 28, and 27 studies reporting data for iron, zinc, and vitamin A status, respectively. Synthesizing 16 records of odds ratio (OR) from 7 eligible studies, overnutrition (overweight and obesity) increased odds of iron deficiency (OR [95%CI]: 1.51 [1.20, 1.82], p<0.0001, I2=40.7%). Odds appeared to be higher for children living with obesity (1.88 [1.33, 2.43], p<0.0001 I2=20.6%) in comparison to those with overweight (1.31 [0.98, 1.64], p<0.0001 I2=40.5%), although between group differences were not significant (p=0.08). Conclusions\u0000Overnutrition is associated with increased risk of iron deficiency, but not zinc or vitamin A deficiencies, with an inverted U-shaped relationship observed between iron status and bodyweight. Our results highlight significant heterogeneity in the reporting of micronutrient biomarkers and how deficiencies were defined. Inflammation status was rarely adequately accounted for, and the burden of iron deficiency may well be under-recognised, particularly in children and young people living with overnutrition.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139560245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atherogenic sdLDL-cholesterol and  resistin association with vitamin B12 in relation to  Body Mass Index","authors":"Fauzia Ashfaq, Jwaher Haji Alhaji, Mohammed Salem Alharbi, Fahmida Khatoon, Nayef Hamad E Alhatlani, Fahad Ayash Mari Alkhamisi, Ghareeb O Alshuwaier, Mohammad Idreesh Khan, Mirza Masroor Ali Beg","doi":"10.1101/2024.01.08.24300967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.08.24300967","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obesity is a known risk factor for many chronic diseases and is a growing global health concern and poor health outcomes have consistently been linked to body mass index (BMI). Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) changes brought on by obesity may increase the likelihood of endothelium penetration and subsequent atherogenesis. Numerous tissues' metabolic and secretory functions are altered by obesity, which may also increase the serum resistin level.\u0000Methods: Present study included 300 participants with diffent BMI among them sdLDL and resistin was evaluated. HbA1c was analysed by whole blood of EDTA and the serum were thawed sample was used for lipid parameters (TG, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and sdLDL) and vitamin B12 analysis as well as resistin level was analysed by ELISA.\u0000Results: Study observed higher HbA1c (%, p=0.0004), LDL (mg/dl) (<0.0001), TG (mg/dl) (<0.0001), Cholesterol (mg/dl) (<0.0001), VLDL (mg/dl) (<0.0001) in obese compared to overweight, normal BMI, except HDL. Smokers and hypertensive participants had higher sdLDL (p=0.03, p=0.0001) and resistin level (p=0.03, p<0.0001). Obese participants had high amount of sdLDL (p<0.0001, p<0.0001) and resistin level (p<0.0001, p<0.0001) compared to overweight and normal BMI. SdLDL and resistin were found to be positively correlated as well as correlation analysis of sdLDL and resistin level was observed to be significantly correlated with BMI, systolic, TG, cholesterol, VLDL, LDL while negative correlation with HDL level. ROC analysis showed that sdLDL and resistin could be used as prognostic factor for overweight/obesity at cutoff value of 18.55 mg/dl (sdLDL) and 750 pg/ml (resistin). It was also observed that the participant with normal BMI had 389.6 pmol/L while overweight participant had 300.6 pmol/L (p<0.0001) and obese had 291.0 pmol/L (p<0.0001).\u0000Conclusion: Study concluded that the obese participants had higher TG, cholesterol, VLDL, LDL and lower HDL level. The most importantly, higher sdLDL level and resistin level was observed in obese participants as well as higher sdLDL and resistin could influence the higher lipid parameters (TG, cholesterol, VLDL, LDL) and lower HDL level. It was also observed that obese participants had lower vitamin B12 level and could lead to other metabolic error.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139412318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional evaluation of the early emergence of executive function and development in Bangladeshi children using nutritional and psychosocial intervention: A randomized controlled trial protocol","authors":"T. Shama, J.M. O’Sullivan, N. Rahman, S.H. Kakon, F. Tofail, M.I. Hossain, M. Zeilani, R. Haque, P. Gluckman, T. Forrester, C.A. Nelson","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.16.23300075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.16.23300075","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Introduction</strong> Reversing malnutrition-induced impairment of cognition and emotional regulation is a critical global gap. We hypothesize that brain-targeted micronutrient supplemented nutritional rehabilitation in children with moderate acute malnutrition, followed by 2 years micronutrient supplementation will impact on the cognition and emotion regulation of these children.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138826140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance to food safety standards - Determining the barriers within the hotel industry","authors":"Cynthia Esinam Segbedzi, Edward Wilson Ansah, Daniel Apaak","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.13.23299917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.13.23299917","url":null,"abstract":"The safety of food served to customers is obligatory for all food service establishments for public health effects. However, workplace barriers have led to noncompliance with safety standards resulting in food contamination and outbreak of foodborne diseases. This study assessed the compliance of restaurant facilities to standards by the Food and Drugs Authority’s (FDA) code of standards, awareness and training on the code and the workplace barriers to compliance. The study involved 233 respondents, 205 food handlers, 10 managers, and 18 officers from the regulatory authorities, who were at work after the COVID-19 restrictions. Questionnaire was used to obtain data from the food handlers and face-to-face interview for managers/chefs and officers from the regulatory authorities. Data was analysed using frequencies and percentages, and thematic content analysis. Results revealed that majority of the hotels did not comply with the FDA’s code of standards on the provision of facilities. However, in segregating the items individually, 70% of the hotels had high compliance with the provision of proper storage facilities for raw and cooked food, 81.5% of the food handlers had in-service training, but this was not routine. Most of the food handlers were aware of the FDA’s code on hygiene for food service establishments, but only a few were trained on it. The food handlers reported unconducive working environment, poor monitoring and supervision, inadequate supply of equipment, time pressure and workplace policy as barriers to compliance with food safety standards. We recommend that hotel owners/managers should be adequately trained to provide the required training and supervision for food handlers, provide the needed tools/equipment to enhance work flow and safe food to consumers. Also, regulatory authorities are encouraged to conduct regular and effective monitoring/supervision to ensure adherence to standards, to improve the safety of food served to the public.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138742804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consuming less ultra-processed food is associated with inadequate protein intake among vegan dieters","authors":"Alice Erwig Leitão, Gabriel P. Esteves, Bruna Caruso Mazzolani, Fabiana Infante Smaira, Martin Hindermann Santini, Heloísa C. Santo André, Bruno Gualano, Hamilton Roschel","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.11.23299823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.11.23299823","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Importance</strong> Major concerns regarding vegan dieters are whether they meet protein and essential amino acids (EAA) recommendations, and how reliant they are on ultra-processed foods (UPF).","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Shaking the Ladder' reveals how analytic choices can influence associations in nutrition epidemiology: beef intake and coronary heart disease as a case study","authors":"Colby J Vorland, Lauren E O'Connor, Beate Henschel, Cuiqiong Huo, James M Shikany, Carlos A Serrano, Robert Henschel, Stephanie L Dickinson, Keisuke Ejima, Aurelian Bidulescu, David B Allison, Andrew W Brown","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.05.23299578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.05.23299578","url":null,"abstract":"Background Many analytic decisions are made when analyzing an observational dataset, such as how to define an exposure or which covariates to include and how to configure them. Modelling the distribution of results for many analytic decisions may illuminate how instrumental decisions are on conclusions in nutrition epidemiology. Objective We explored how associations between self-reported dietary intake and a health outcome depend on different analytical decisions, using self-reported beef intake from a food frequency questionnaire and incident coronary heart disease as a case study. Design We used REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) data, and various selected covariates and their configurations from published literature to recapitulate common models used to assess associations between meat intake and health outcomes. We designed three model sets: in the first and second sets (self-reported beef intake modeled as continuous and quintile-defined, respectively), we randomly sampled 1,000,000 model specifications informed by choices used in the published literature, all sharing a consistent covariate base set. The third model set directly emulated existing covariate combinations. Results Few models (&lt;1%) were statistically significant at p&lt;0.05. More hazard ratio (HR) point estimates were &gt;1 when beef was polychotomized via quintiles (95% of models) vs. continuous intake (79% of models). When covariates related to race or multivitamin use were included in models, HRs tended to be shifted towards the null with similar confidence interval widths compared to when they were not included. Models emulating existing published associations were all above HR of 1. Conclusions We quantitatively illustrated the impact that analytical decisions can have on HR distribution of nutrition-related exposure/outcome associations. For our case study, exposure configuration resulted in substantially different HR distributions, with inclusion or exclusion of some covariates being associated with higher or lower HRs.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic variation reflects dietary intake in a multi-ethnic Asian population","authors":"Dorrain Yanwen Low, Theresia Mina, Nilanjana Sadhu, Kari Wong, Pritesh Rajesh Jain, Rinkoo Dalan, Hong Kiat Ng, Wubin Xie, Benjamin Chih Chiang Lam, Darwin Tay, Xiaoyan Wang, Yik Weng Yew, James Best, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, Paul Elliott, Elio Riboli, Jimmy Lee, Eng Sing Lee, Joanne Ngeow, Patricia Sheridan, Greg Michelotti, Marie Loh, John Chambers","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.04.23299350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.04.23299350","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary biomarkers reflecting habitual diet are explored largely in European and American populations. However, the food metabolome is highly complex, with its composition varying to region and culture. Here, by assessing 1,055 plasma metabolites and 169 foods/beverages in 8,391 comprehensively phenotyped individuals from the multi-ethnic Asian HELIOS cohort (69% Chinese, 12% Malay, 19% South Asian), we report novel observations for ethnic-relevant and common foods. Using machine-learning feature selection approach, we developed dietary multi-biomarker panels (3-39 metabolites each) for key foods and beverages in respective training sets. These panels comprised distinct and shared metabolite networks, and captured variances in intake prediction models in test sets better than single biomarkers. Composite metabolite scores, derived from the biomarker panels, associated significantly and more strongly with clinical phenotypes (HOMA-IR, type 2 diabetes, BMI, fat mass index, carotid intima-media thickness and hypertension), compared to self-reported intakes. Lastly, in 235 individuals that returned for a repeat visit (averaged 322 days apart), diet-metabolite relationships were robust over time, with predicted intakes, derived from biomarker panels and metabolite scores, showing better reproducibility than self-reported intakes. Altogether, our findings show new insights into multi-ethnic diet-related metabolic variations and new opportunity to link exposure to health outcomes in Asian populations.","PeriodicalId":501073,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Nutrition","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138494390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}