Journal of Optical Communications and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Integrated secure communication and sensing based on simultaneous chaotic encryption and vibration detection with an RE-LFM signal","authors":"Tiankai Wang;Hongpeng Liang;Xing Li;Peng Hou;Yuehua An;Anbang Wang;Songnian Fu;Yuncai Wang;Yuwen Qin;Zhensen Gao","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.583189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.583189","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of sensing capabilities into secure optical transmission systems is emerging as a pivotal strategy for proactive security threat warning and anomaly detection. However, existing integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) schemes primarily focus on resource sharing, often overlooking the intrinsic security of the communication signals themselves. To address this critical gap, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel, to our knowledge, integrated secure communication and sensing (ISCAS) scheme based on simultaneous chaotic encryption and vibration detection utilizing a specially designed random envelope fluctuation linear frequency modulation signal. This uniquely designed signal serves a dual purpose: its random envelope facilitates physical layer encryption, while its LFM nature enables high-precision sensing. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, a 28 Gb/s on-off keying (OOK) confidential signal is securely transmitted over a 20 km single-mode fiber link. Simultaneously, a 1 kHz sinusoidal vibration applied at the 18 km point is detected and localized with an error of only 11.45 m. Our work validates an integrated solution that concurrently ensures information confidentiality and channel-sensing capability, paving the way for more resilient and intelligent optical networks.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 4","pages":"B9-B18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147362560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ITU-T G.681: the first distributed fiber optic sensing standard for in-service terrestrial optical networks","authors":"Yoshifumi Wakisaka;Gabriele Di Rosa;Qirui Fan;Etienne Rochat;Andre Sandmann;Xiang Liu;Jun Shan Wey","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.586758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.586758","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the growing interest in adopting distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technology for telecom infrastructure monitoring and protection, ITU-T SG15 recently approved the G.681 Recommendation to address the demand. This standard represents a major milestone and the first step toward building a viable DFOS ecosystem for the telecom industry. It specifies the optical interface parameters for utilizing DFOS for in-service terrestrial networks. This paper discusses DFOS application examples, provides an overview of the G.681 Recommendation, and offers readers insights and rationale behind the development of the standard.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 4","pages":"B1-B8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformer-pointer DRL model for static resource allocation problems in SDM-EONs","authors":"Sibo Chen;Jiading Wang;Maiko Shigeno","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.580228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.580228","url":null,"abstract":"The static resource allocation problem in space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs) requires joint optimization of routing, modulation, space, and spectrum assignment (RMSSA) for efficient resource use. Because integer-programming models and sophisticated heuristics are computationally expensive, the First-Fit algorithm is often used for fast feasible solutions, yet its quality is usually poor and highly order-dependent. To address this, we propose a deep reinforcement learning method for static resource allocation. We reformulate the combinatorial problem as sequence optimization by pairing with a fixed First-Fit allocator and prove that, for the space-spectrum assignment (SSA) subproblem, First-Fit is order-expressive and can achieve an optimal solution under a suitable ordering. A Transformer encoder extracts features of the request set, and a pointer-network decoder optimizes the output order. The trained network can be used as a black-box heuristic. Compared with hand-crafted orderings, it delivers higher solution quality with rapid inference speed, making it highly suitable for time-sensitive reconfiguration and large-scale planning tasks, while maintaining a runtime comparable to First-Fit. Finally, ablation studies verify the contributions of the encoder and decoder, and we attempt to interpret the trained network.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 3","pages":"315-328"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147362509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BCFA: a bidirectional crosstalk- and fragmentation-aware resource allocation scheme in SDM-EONs","authors":"Bowen Bao;Yan Ding;Ming Wei;Guo Liu;Jiajia Zhao;Qiuyan Yao;Hui Yang;Bijoy Chand Chatterjee;Eiji Oki","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.591416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.591416","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid evolution of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, large-scale data centers, and 5G/6G communication systems, network traffic demands have increased significantly in both volume and asymmetry. Space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs), enabled by the abundant resources provided through multi-core fiber transmission, have been widely recognized as an effective solution for supporting high-capacity optical networks. By exploiting the inherent resource advantages of multi-core fiber architectures, SDM-EONs offer a scalable approach to capacity expansion. However, in SDM-EON environments, inter-core crosstalk (XT) and spectrum fragmentation introduce non-negligible signal impairments and degrade network performance. To address these issues, this paper proposes a bidirectional XT-aware impact (BXI) to evaluate the XT effects under bidirectional transmission. Based on this metric, a fragmentation measure is further incorporated to develop a bidirectional crosstalk- and fragmentation-aware metric (BCFM). Meanwhile, to ensure the quality of transmission, a bidirectional optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) impairment evaluation model is introduced. Building upon these components, a novel, to our knowledge, bidirectional crosstalk- and fragmentation-aware (BCFA) resource allocation scheme is finally formulated. Based on bidirectional core assignment, the BCFA scheme jointly considers the impacts of XT and spectrum fragmentation to improve overall resource utilization, in which a novel, to our knowledge, bidirectional crosstalk and fragmentation-aware metric is defined. This metric quantitatively evaluates the influence of adjacent links on a given lightpath under bidirectional transmission conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the BCFA scheme achieves substantial reductions in blocking probability with higher spectrum utilization.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 5","pages":"470-480"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network-oriented metric for core pitch optimization in bidirectional multi-core fiber networks","authors":"Yuya Seki;Yosuke Tanigawa;Yusuke Hirota;Hideki Tode","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.579445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.579445","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a framework for optimizing the core pitch of multi-core fibers (MCFs) in bidirectional MCF-based space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs). Existing studies have predominantly adopted hexagonal-lattice core layouts for the MCF structure and have overlooked indirect inter-core crosstalk (IC-XT), which can be the dominant impairment in bidirectional MCF-based SDM-EONs. In this study, existing IC-XT calculation models are re-evaluated, demonstrating that square-lattice-structure (SLS) MCFs are preferable for bidirectional MCF-based SDM-EONs, and an “XT-free condition” is derived to determine the optimal core pitch. Numerical simulations on three network topologies (EURO28, Kanto11, and TMN12) under multiple resource-allocation strategies reveal that the blocking probability is minimized whenever the XT-free condition is satisfied, independent of topology size or resource-allocation policy. For standard-cladding 4-core SLS MCFs, optimal core pitches (34.4, 34.0, and 30.7 µm) yield a minimum lightpath blocking probability, acceptable IC-XT, and ITU-T recommendation-compliant splicing loss. The proposed framework provides a general method for MCF design and offers valuable insights into realizing high-core-count MCF-based SDM-EONs. Beyond immediate design implications, the proposed framework may serve as a foundation for redefining benchmarking standards in resource-allocation models and guiding the future standardization of MCF designs.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 5","pages":"454-469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint time-frequency domain feature exploitation for a single burst-mode preamble in a next-generation coherent optical access network","authors":"Jinqi Xiong;Yuheng Liu;Mingzhu Yin;Ji Zhou;Fan Li","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.587273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.587273","url":null,"abstract":"For the next-generation optical access network, where the data rate may achieve 200 Gb/s, conventional intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) schemes will face significant challenges. Coherent optical communication is considered a promising solution for next-generation optical access networks. However, conventional blind coherent digital signal processing (DSP) demonstrates insufficient convergence speed to fulfill burst-mode detection requirements. Designing specialized preamble sequences is an effective solution for simplifying coherent burst-mode DSP. This paper proposes an efficient preamble structure with a duration of 8.25 ns. The proposed preamble fully utilizes the frequency-domain and time-domain properties of the sequence, enabling chromatic dispersion (CD) estimation and clock recovery in the frequency-domain, while achieving frame synchronization, frequency offset estimation (FOE), and state of polarization (SOP) estimation in the time-domain. This allows the proposed scheme to achieve rapid CD estimation without introducing additional preamble overhead. We established a 32 GBaud dual-polarization 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM) system incorporating the proposed scheme, and experimentally validated the effectiveness of the proposed preamble and the corresponding burst-mode DSP scheme. The proposed scheme provides a feasible solution for next-generation optical access networks.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 5","pages":"433-441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147696638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar-outage-based SRLG and protection in optical satellite networks","authors":"Yansong Fu;Yongli Zhao;Wei Wang;Meng Lian;Zijian Cui;Ruikang Ni;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.582989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.582989","url":null,"abstract":"Optical satellite networks (OSNs) are advancing at an impressive pace, but ensuring their reliability remains a significant challenge. Unlike terrestrial optical networks, many of the problems faced in optical satellite networks are unique. For example, in the case of a solar outage, some laser links will not be able to communicate. These events occur frequently and can vary on a minute-by-minute scale. Traditional <tex>$1 + 1$</tex> dedicated protection can effectively protect against single-link failures. However, sun outages simultaneously affect multiple links near the day–night terminator, which may cause protection failure. For regional failures under <tex>$1 + 1$</tex> protection, constructing shared risk link groups (SRLGs) is commonly used to avoid such failures. Unlike terrestrial networks, though, the failure regions in satellite networks are constantly shifting from the network’s perspective, which poses new challenges for survivability design. In this paper, we propose a shared risk link group (SRLG) model based on solar outage to define the joint risk caused by the sun outage region. Accordingly, we further propose an SRLG-constrained dedicated path protection (SRLG-DP) algorithm. SRLG-DP defines a protection window to avoid excessive detours and identifies SRLG-disjoint paths within the network. Simulation results demonstrate that SRLG-DP maintains high transmission success rates even under reduced prediction accuracy, along with relatively low path delay and delay jitter.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 5","pages":"500-511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional and crossed AWGR-based interconnection for large-scale data centers","authors":"Yang Lu;Alami Badreddine;Minghao Yan;Jiaqing Liu;Zihui Lin;Jiawei Lv;Yunxin Lv;Meihua Bi;Miao Hu","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.581779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.581779","url":null,"abstract":"A novel, to our knowledge, bidirectional and crossed interconnection (BCI) based on array waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) is proposed for the data centers of large scale. In BCI, the AWGRs are crossed interconnected, and the transmissions are bidirectional. <tex>$Ntimes(N + 1)$</tex> nodes can be interconnected with <tex>$N + 1$</tex> <tex>$N$</tex>-port AWGRs and <tex>$N$</tex> available wavelengths. The throughput depends on the communication patterns, as some communications need multiple hops. The expected value of average hops is analyzed and reduced by some methods. The proposed BCI is more cost-effective compared to previous proposals. The physical transmission in BCI is demonstrated by simulation, and the tested results show the feasibility of the signal transmissions in BCI.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 5","pages":"424-432"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147696213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field trial of 240  km decentralized training with separation of compute and data based on PFC-assisted hitless 800G OTN","authors":"Shan Cao;Dechao Zhang;Xiaodong Duan;Dong Wang;Bin Fan;Jiang Sun;Mingqing Zuo;Bin Qi;Han Li","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.589613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.589613","url":null,"abstract":"A novel, to our knowledge, PFC-assisted hitless OTN for separation of compute and data is proposed and demonstrated. Based on the new scheme, simulations are conducted and analyzed comprehensively. Simulations indicate that symmetric or asymmetric computing power distribution minimally affects efficiency. With consistent GPUs, larger models experience less impact from remote extension. When training with an appropriate number of GPUs compatible with the model, the degradation rate of training efficiency for models of different sizes remains comparable as the distance increases. Then, the effectiveness of the PFC-assisted hitless OTN is experimentally verified. By hitless protection, pipeline parallelism training efficiency is free from the switchover between primary and backup paths. With the PFC function on, the training efficiency could be improved from 52% to 99.51% over 120 km transmission, compared to the off case. Furthermore, different model sizes, transmission distances, and network convergence ratios are experimentally investigated by the field trial. When extending to 240 km, training efficiency is still up to 99.29%.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 5","pages":"492-499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ALAS-DCN: application-aware low-latency scalable data center network architecture for intra-rack and inter-rack optical packet switching","authors":"Georgios Drainakis;Peristera Baziana;Adonis Bogris","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.575115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.575115","url":null,"abstract":"Data center networks (DCNs) are at the forefront of a radical transformation, fueled by the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI), cloud-native adoption, and enterprise digitalization, which together place unprecedented demands on their design and performance. From healthcare AI and intelligent transportation to business analytics, modern DCNs are expected to support a diverse and evolving mix of bandwidth-demanding applications, each with distinct quality of service (QoS) requirements. Yet, most state-of-the-art DCN solutions rely on oversimplified DCN data traffic models, failing to address the required application-level differentiation in terms of end-to-end (E2E) latency demands. In response, we propose ALAS-DCN, a novel, to our knowledge, application-aware, low-latency, scalable DCN architecture, based on optical packet switching in the intra-rack and inter-rack domains that is both designed and rigorously evaluated using commercial QoS specifications and realistic traffic patterns of different applications coexisting within the same DCN. ALAS-DCN integrates three hierarchical optical sub-networks: intra-rack, inter-rack, and bridge, each governed by a custom wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) medium access control (MAC) protocol that dynamically prioritizes critical traffic packets, according to the specific application E2E latency demands. Unlike prior approaches, our evaluation leverages realistic workload traces generated by established traffic generators, capturing the application diversity within modern data center (DC) environments. Extensive experimental simulations across five representative DC categories, each hosting a different mix of modern applications, demonstrate that ALAS-DCN consistently achieves up to 95% throughput efficiency and <tex>$text{sub}{{text-}{unicode{x00B5}}text s}$</tex> latency for high priority traffic across a variety of applications, consistently meeting their differentiated latency constraints. Scalable up to 20,000 servers, ALAS-DCN redefines the DCN as not just a transport layer but an intelligent enabler of next-generation application performance.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 5","pages":"409-423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}