Journal of Optical Communications and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Control and orchestration of self-managed sustainable high-capacity optical networks in support of 6G","authors":"V. Karunakaran;R. Casellas;M. R. Raza;A. Marotta;L. Velasco;A. Moawad;N. DSilva;P. Armingol;L. Nadal;P. Gonzalez;V. Tsekenis;H. Zaid;B. Ali;B. Shariati;J. Fischer;R. Freund;C. Centofanti;G. Di Sciullo;C. Antonelli;S. Barmpounakis;P. Demestichas;S. Parker;A. Sgambelluri;A. Autenrieth;T. Bauschert;F. Cugini","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.604715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.604715","url":null,"abstract":"End-to-end control and management of services across heterogeneous network domains—including the radio access network (RAN), access/aggregation, metro, and core/long-haul transport segments—is inherently challenging, as each domain relies on distinct technologies such as radio, packet, and optical transmission. These challenges grow further with 6G, which requires high-capacity technologies including space division multiplexing (SDM) and multi-band optical transmission. The European Union’s SEASON project has designed the next generation of transport networks to provide sustainable high-capacity optical transport. The SDM passive optical network (PON) enables energy-efficient operation through activation and deactivation of spatial channels, while coherent IP over WDM provides 100–800G capacities requiring coordinated IP/optical layer control. The multiband over SDM (MBoSDM) transport layer offers ultra-high-capacity transmission with improved spectral utilization and power efficiency. SEASON has designed, developed, and demonstrated an end-to-end hierarchical control and orchestration plane architecture, where network and service orchestrators enable control and management of service lifecycle and device configuration adhering to standardized YANG data models. Service provisioning across domains is assessed, demonstrating efficient telemetry streaming, deterministic recovery under failures, and automated rollback to a stable network state using a NetDevOps-driven control approach.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 10","pages":"1171-1185"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum relative capacity loss for online path–wavelength allocation in dynamic entanglement distribution networks","authors":"Yuzhe Zhao;Chaojie Wang;Lu Wang;Xinyi Liu;Rui Xu;Rongzhen Jiao","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.606967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.606967","url":null,"abstract":"Entanglement distribution networks (EDNs) require online assignment of limited wavelength resources under probabilistic entanglement generation and dynamic service arrivals. Classical residual-capacity metrics used in wavelength assignment cannot directly represent whether a quantum service request obtains a valid end-to-end entangled pair within its holding window. This paper establishes a time-slotted network-layer abstraction that maps entanglement generation, swapping, quality filtering, and purification into an end-to-end success probability. Based on this success-event serviceability measure, we propose quantum relative capacity loss (QRCL) for online path–wavelength allocation. QRCL combines threshold-based filtering with relative serviceability-loss minimization. Simulations over multiple representative topologies show that QRCL achieves robust best or near-best request success rates while maintaining competitive fairness, delay, and millisecond-level decision time.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 10","pages":"1215-1225"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple slicing task offloading in cloud-edge elastic optical networks","authors":"Bowen Chen;Yuexuan Fan;Xiaoling Wang;Hong Chen;Weidong Shao;Limei Peng;Pin-Han Ho;Yongcheng Li","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.603834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.603834","url":null,"abstract":"The explosive growth of data traffic intensifies the demand for efficient task processing and network performance optimization in cloud-edge elastic optical networks (CE-EONs). Task slicing, particularly dependency-aware task slicing (DATS), has emerged as a promising technique to simplify inter-subtask dependencies and model divisible tasks. This study investigates multiple slicing task offloading with the resource optimization problem in CE-EONs. We first formulate the problem into integer linear programming (ILP) models to minimize the end-to-end (E2E) latency and frequency slot occupancy. We then propose slicing task offloading approaches with hybrid voting decision-making (HVD), computing resource priority (CRP), and routing and spectrum priority (RSP) to reduce the E2E latency and improve the resource efficiency in CE-EONs. For comprehensive evaluation, we compare the proposed HVD, CRP, and RSP approaches with two existing approaches, including both the hierarchical task offloading (HTO) approach and the dependency-aware task offloading (DTO) approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the HVD approach closely approximates the optimal solutions obtained from the ILP models in static scenarios. Moreover, the HVD approach achieves a lower E2E latency and optimizes the network resource allocation compared with the CRP and RSP approaches and the two existing approaches in dynamic scenarios. This highlights the effectiveness of the proposed task offloading approaches in improving the network performance and addressing the challenges of CE-EONs.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 10","pages":"1186-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LightGBM-based link provisioning framework for low ATP delay in optical satellite networks","authors":"Hua Wang;Yuran Wang;Wei Wang;Yongli Zhao;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.600764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.600764","url":null,"abstract":"Optical satellite networks (OSNs) have emerged as a critical infrastructure for space-terrestrial integrated communications, enabled by high-capacity laser-based inter-satellite links (ISLs). While laser ISL establishment requires a precise acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) procedure, it inevitably introduces additional setup delays. As user services are transmitted over multiple ISLs, ATP delays are incurred on each traversed link and accumulate along multi-hop paths in serial or parallel ways when services span multiple satellites, resulting in non-negligible end-to-end latency. Existing routing studies in OSNs have considered this ATP-induced delay less. To address this problem, this paper formulates the problem as an integer linear programming (ILP) model with the objective of minimizing the total ATP delay under both serial and parallel ISL establishment, serving as an optimizing performance benchmark. To improve service responsiveness, we propose a prediction-based link provisioning (LP) framework that predicts service requests and proactively provisions candidate ISLs. The LP framework consists of request prediction, graph construction, and resource scheduling modules. Specifically, a LightGBM-based prediction module is designed to forecast service requests, and both correctly and incorrectly predicted requests are considered in their corresponding topology graphs. Corresponding ISLs were reserved in advance via the ATP-aware path selection (APS) algorithm to overlap ATP delays. Simulation results verify that the proposed framework achieves near-optimal performance with only a 4.9% gap compared to the ILP benchmark, while reducing the total ATP waiting time by up to 90.83% and 89.81% under serial and parallel dynamic service arrival scenarios, respectively.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 10","pages":"1159-1170"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward next-generation scalable, high-capacity, and programmable MBoSDM optical networks [Invited]","authors":"Laia Nadal;Luca Vettori;Francisco Javier Vilchez;Josep M. Fabrega;Michela Svaluto Moreolo;Ramon Casellas","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.591996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.591996","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous growth of data traffic and emerging 6G services will drive the evolution of current optical transport networks to support higher capacity and enhance scalability and programmability. Key innovative technologies, including multiband over spatial division multiplexing (MBoSDM) and software-defined optical networking (SDN), will enable the efficient increase of spectral and spatial resources and support dynamic and automated network operation. Hence, advanced transmission and switching solutions should be investigated that are capable of fully exploiting these technologies toward enabling dynamic, adaptive, and high-capacity future optical networks. In this paper, a next-generation MBoSDM scenario including an MB(oSDM) sliceable bandwidth/bit-rate variable transceiver (S-BVT) and an MBoSDM node prototype is experimentally validated in the ADRENALINE testbed and integrated within an SDN control plane considering different network use cases. Full programmability of the integrated solution is achieved through dedicated SDN agents and a unified SDN controller, demonstrating the provisioning of MB flex-grid and SDM connections. The proposed transmission and switching approaches significantly enhance network capacity, flexibility, and reconfigurability, offering a scalable pathway for future 6G optical transport infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 10","pages":"E39-E48"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continual learning for optical-network soft-failure monitoring via elastic weight consolidation","authors":"Emilio Paolini;Andrea Sgambelluri;Piero Castoldi;Luca Valcarenghi;Filippo Ponzini;Teresa Pepe;Giulio Bottari;Paola Iovanna","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.606005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.606005","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent automation of optical transport networks relies on the ability to monitor services end-to-end, detect performance degradations even in the absence of labeled failure data, and adapt seamlessly to legitimate infrastructure changes. In practice, optical telemetry is highly non-stationary due to reconfigurations, upgrades, and traffic dynamics, which makes static thresholds and fixed machine-learning models unreliable in long-lived deployments. This paper proposes a self-adaptive monitoring framework that combines unsupervised anomaly detection with continual learning. An attention-based autoencoder is used to model normal network behavior from streaming telemetry, while a mask-aware representation accommodates changes in the available telemetry feature set within a predefined feature space. When the normal operating regime shifts, the model is incrementally adapted using elastic weight consolidation to learn new legitimate conditions while limiting catastrophic forgetting. Experiments on realistic optical-network scenarios calibrated from testbed measurements show that a static detector collapses under regime shifts, producing persistent false alarms, whereas continual adaptation restores alarm reliability with false-positive rates below 3%. Moreover, regularized adaptation preserves significantly higher accuracy on previously learned operating conditions (e.g., balanced accuracy above 0.8), while naive fine-tuning shows a significant drop in performance (around 0.6), confirming the need for controlled continual learning in evolving optical networks.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 10","pages":"1202-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization–wavelength-multiplexed ISAC networks enabled by hybrid Raman amplification and diversity reception","authors":"Tengxiao Li;Wei Ji;Xinyu Yin;Yuqian Wang;Xianghao Tan;Zhaoheng Wang;Shan Wang;Menglin Zhang","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.609813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.609813","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) architecture capable of simultaneously performing distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) in a single-mode fiber (SMF) and experimentally evaluate its coexistence feasibility using a discrete-component proof-of-concept setup. This system supports parallel multi-parameter sensing based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (<tex>$phi$</tex>-OTDR) and Raman optical time-domain reflectometry (ROTDR). The present experiment is conducted using discrete commercial components, while integrated polarization–wavelength de/multiplexing is retained only as a possible future compact implementation route. Hybrid amplification techniques, including Raman distributed amplification and optical-bias-assisted superimposed enhancement, are introduced to improve the communication link budget and ROTDR detectability under a reduced sensing-probe power. In addition, polarization-diversity reception is analyzed as a potential extension to mitigate polarization fading and improve the stability of Rayleigh-based vibration sensing. Experimental results demonstrate system-level coexistence of <tex>$phi$</tex>-OTDR-based DAS, ROTDR-based DTS, and single-polarization 2.5 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero/intensity-modulation direct-detection (NRZ/IMDD) communication over a 10 km SMF link. The simplified proof-of-concept experiment achieves a spatial resolution of 5 m, a temperature uncertainty of 2.8°C, and a vibration-sensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 12.1 dB under a sensing-probe peak power of 100 mW, while no bit errors are observed in the communication branch during the experimental test. Fiber-optic communication and sensing integration technology can support traditional applications such as oil and gas pipelines, power lines, and environmental monitoring, and may provide useful sensing capability for emerging scenarios such as digital twins and intelligent optical networks.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 9","pages":"992-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148925535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive weight learning–aided synchronous multi-parameter monitoring of rate-flexible coherent optical access networks","authors":"Chen Ding;Qiarong Xiao;Zijian Li;Zixian Wei;Chaoran Huang;Changyuan Yu;Chester Shu","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.596679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.596679","url":null,"abstract":"Rate-flexible coherent passive optical networks (PONs) introduce heterogeneous physical-layer conditions and dynamic rate configurations across optical network unit (ONU) branches. These variations require robust joint monitoring of entropy and SNR. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive weight learning (AWL) method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for multi-parameter learning. Joint monitoring of entropy and SNR in a probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS)-based coherent transmission network is performed. A point-to-multipoint (PtMP) access system with a baud rate of 32 Gbaud and 40 km coverage is experimentally demonstrated over back-to-back, 26.7 km, and 40 km links, achieving data rates from 134.4 to 166.4 Gbps at entropies ranging from 4.2 to 5.2 bits. Dual-regression analysis in multi-parameter monitoring yielded lower mean absolute errors, reducing the entropy error by 0.028 bits and SNR error by 0.111 dB compared to single-parameter learning. Additionally, AWL demonstrated robustness and effectiveness across various scenarios, including mixed-modulation formats, extreme SNR conditions, chromatic dispersion, laser phase noise, transceiver nonlinearity, and supplementary upstream-oriented scenarios. Finally, the monitoring parameters are scalable to accommodate future optical access network demands.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 9","pages":"1029-1041"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148925363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operating envelope analysis of cross-domain real-time control across network and edge-computing resources for highly reliable services","authors":"Hiroshi Ou;Che Huang;Tomoya Hatano;Tatsuya Shimada","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.600735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.600735","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-domain real-time control across optical networking and edge computing is essential for services with stringent latency and reliability, where compute-side workload surges and network events can violate service requirements. We propose an integrated cross-domain real-time control scheme that coordinates optical networking and edge computing through a collect-analyze-control closed loop, making explicit the controller interfaces to both domains and the end-to-end execution flow. We also formalize a controller processing-time model and an operating-envelope computation that maps collection/analysis cycle settings to real-time feasibility and thread (pipeline) requirements for the controller. We validate the formulation with numerical analysis supported by a practical prototype. At 10 ms collection and analysis cycles, the controller’s worst-case processing time is 74 ms, meeting a 90 ms budget. Cycle sweeps show strong agreement between the proposed model and measurements. These results establish the feasibility of sub-100 ms cross-domain closed-loop control on a practical single-thread controller and provide deployable guidance for configuring cycles and right-sizing controller resources via the proposed envelope-based formulation.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 9","pages":"972-980"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148925364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization tracking and active compensation using classical headers in quantum wrapper networking","authors":"Gamze Gul;James van Howe;Gregory S. Kanter;Shannon G. Tan;Liam E. Beaudoin;Mehmet Berkay On;Roberto Proietti;S. J. Ben Yoo;Prem Kumar","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.599980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.599980","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum wrapper networking (QWN) is an emerging quantum networking protocol that wraps qubits in classical header bits to enable switching/routing, monitoring, and control without detecting the quantum signal. In this work, we encode header bits with two non-orthogonal polarization references to track and actively compensate for the changing birefringence of a 48 km deployed fiber link. Our method is analytical and deterministic, using motorized waveplates and a variable phase retarder to accurately and stably compensate the channel. We verify successful compensation by measuring the polarization stability of single-photon qubits and the visibility of entangled photon pairs under both slow birefringence drift due to environmental fluctuations and large sudden changes designed to emulate those that occur during packet switching and rerouting over different fiber paths. For large, sudden changes, our compensator recovers the Stokes vector of single photons to within 10° of the target state on the Poincaré sphere and restores the two-photon interference visibilities to their original levels on the deployed fiber link. Additionally, experiments monitoring long-term compensation over 44 h show that active polarization compensation maintains the two-photon interference visibility, whereas disabling the compensator leads to visibility degradation over time, particularly in the diagonal–antidiagonal basis, where the average raw visibility decreases by 7.7%. These results add a polarization-control layer to QWN and illustrate that information-carrying headers can enable deterministic physical-layer compensation in the quantum channel over long-distance deployed fiber links.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"18 9","pages":"1003-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11675880","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148925064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}