Journal of Optical Communications and Networking最新文献

Digital twin-enabled multi-step strategies for autonomous power equalization in optical networks

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.549934

Chenyu Sun;Xin Yang;Gabriel Charlet;Photios A. Stavrou;Yvan Pointurier

{"title":"Digital twin-enabled multi-step strategies for autonomous power equalization in optical networks","authors":"Chenyu Sun;Xin Yang;Gabriel Charlet;Photios A. Stavrou;Yvan Pointurier","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.549934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.549934","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes and experimentally evaluates digital twin techniques, incorporating multi-step lookahead and dynamic step-size adjustments for per-channel power equalization in optical networks. Digital twins, which are software replicas of physical systems, are utilized to monitor, analyze, and predict the network behavior, thereby enhancing decision-making processes before implementing any physical adjustments. The study focuses on optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through per-channel launch power equalization, addressing challenges, such as nonlinear inter-channel interference and power transfers across multiple optical multiplex sections. The proposed methodology leverages a digital twin to simulate and predict SNR variations using multi-step lookahead, ensuring the monotonous SNR improvement without service disruptions. Additionally, parallel adjustment and dynamic step-size methods significantly enhance efficiency. Experimental validation on a C-band meshed optical network testbed demonstrates substantial reductions in power errors, improved SNR performance, and decreased commissioning time, highlighting the practical feasibility and efficiency of the approach. The findings underscore the transformative potential of digital twins in advancing autonomous optical network management.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 7","pages":"C41-C50"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shaping the future of optical networks by integrating SDN, telemetry, and AI [Invited]

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.553843

Piero Castoldi;Filippo Cugini;Molka Gharbaoui;Alessio Giorgetti;Francesco Paolucci;Anna Lina Ruscelli;Nicola Sambo;Andrea Sgambelluri;Luca Valcarenghi

{"title":"Shaping the future of optical networks by integrating SDN, telemetry, and AI [Invited]","authors":"Piero Castoldi;Filippo Cugini;Molka Gharbaoui;Alessio Giorgetti;Francesco Paolucci;Anna Lina Ruscelli;Nicola Sambo;Andrea Sgambelluri;Luca Valcarenghi","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.553843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.553843","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the most prominent lines of optical network control evolution, focusing on software-defined networking (SDN), NETCONF/YANG protocols, telemetry techniques, advancements in packet/optical networking, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within optical networks. We show how the integration of SDN with open modeling frameworks allows to devise hierarchical control models where we trade-off between the segregation of proprietary hardware and the creation of open interfaces like in the OpenSDK scenario. In addition, we depict the convergence of packet and optical layers with advancements in coherent technologies and pervasive telemetry techniques to create new flexible scenarios for controlling optical networks. On top of these approaches, the intent-based networking allows to implement configuration solutions using natural primitives. Finally, key applications of AI, mainly machine learning (ML), including quality-of-transmission estimation, failure prediction, and resource optimization, are analyzed to improve optical network control efficiency alongside their challenges, such as energy efficiency and data scarcity. By addressing advances in the aforementioned areas of research, this work outlines the transformative potential of combining programmability, real-time telemetry, and AI to build resilient, adaptive, and sustainable optical infrastructures for the future.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 7","pages":"C51-C61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling and analysis of coherent metro + PON converged networks for ultra-high speed applications

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.544594

Safana Al zoubi;Roberto Gaudino

{"title":"Modeling and analysis of coherent metro + PON converged networks for ultra-high speed applications","authors":"Safana Al zoubi;Roberto Gaudino","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.544594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.544594","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the ultra-high bitrate and extended-reach demands of future broadband services and 5G/6G fronthauling, today’s passive optical networks (PONs) require a significant technological jump, particularly towards coherent detection. This shift makes the development of fast and accurate models for future coherent PONs essential, especially for physical-layer network planning tools and digital twin applications. In this paper, we thus present a frequency-resolved physical-based model for performance estimation of coherent transmission over PON or <tex>${rm metro} + {rm PON}$</tex> converged networks, considering a broad range of electrical and optical impairments and two approaches for DSP-based equalization. Specifically, the model accounts for frequency- and polarization-dependent optical channels, optical and electrical noises, coherent receiver electrical bandwidth limitations, and in-phase/quadrature imbalances. Numerical validation of the proposed frequency model against extensive time-domain simulations demonstrates high accuracy across diverse impairments, with discrepancies in the estimated signal-to-noise ratio showing a standard deviation of 0.15 dB over a very wide variation range on the relevant parameters, along with significant improvements in both time and computational efficiency. We conclude the paper by presenting two examples of application of the developed model in dimensioning ultra-high bitrate future access networks.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 4","pages":"294-308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10937284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DRL-assisted quantum attack mitigation in resource allocation of CV-QKD over optical networks

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.546587

Shifeng Ding;Yuansen Cheng;Calvin Chun-Kit Chan

{"title":"DRL-assisted quantum attack mitigation in resource allocation of CV-QKD over optical networks","authors":"Shifeng Ding;Yuansen Cheng;Calvin Chun-Kit Chan","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.546587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.546587","url":null,"abstract":"Due to possible imperfect implementation of laser sources and coherent detectors, continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) in optical networks is vulnerable to quantum attacks, which would significantly degrade the secret key rate (SKR) and compromise the security of the quantum keys. The attackers may steal the data encrypted with the compromised keys, leading to service failure and resource wastage. To tackle it, we propose a quantum attack mitigation resource allocation scheme (QAM-RA) for CV-QKD over optical networks. It corrects the biased channel parameters of the compromised quantum channels by conducting appropriate countermeasures, re-analyzes the SKR, and allocates additional quantum resources to compensate for the loss of SKR. A deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework based on the Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) algorithm is developed to determine QAM-RA solutions intelligently. Extensive simulations have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the DRL-assisted QAM-RA scheme in two test networks. Simulation results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in mitigating quantum attacks and reducing user request blocking probabilities.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 4","pages":"262-274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive TFDM coherent PON: a flexible architecture with variable modulation formats and baud rates for next-generation optical access networks

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.549585

Haipeng Zhang;Zhensheng Jia;Luis Alberto Campos;Karthik Choutagunta;Curtis Knittle

{"title":"Adaptive TFDM coherent PON: a flexible architecture with variable modulation formats and baud rates for next-generation optical access networks","authors":"Haipeng Zhang;Zhensheng Jia;Luis Alberto Campos;Karthik Choutagunta;Curtis Knittle","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.549585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.549585","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a highly adaptable and flexible TFDM coherent PON architecture, designed to address the diverse service requirements of next-generation optical access networks. We introduce an innovative approach featuring flexible modulation formats, adaptable baud rates, and dynamic link budget management, enabling the support of various service groups with tailored data rates and reach. Two experimental demonstrations validate the proposed TFDM coherent PON design. In the first demonstration, DSCs with 6.25 GBd DP-QPSK and DP-16QAM modulation provide 25 and 50 Gb/s data rates over 80 and 50 km reaches, respectively, while supporting both P2P link and P2MP links with up to 128 end users. The second demonstration further explores the adaptability of the system, with DSCs employing different baud rates: 6.25 GBd DP-QPSK, 12.5 GBd DP-16QAM, and 15.625 GBd DP-64QAM, delivering 25, 100, and 187.5 Gb/s data rates over varying distances and user counts. The second experiment also incorporates OOB communication channels for potential MAC control and OAM functionalities, showcasing the robust performance and versatility of the proposed TFDM coherent PON. This work extends our recent ECOC publication [European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) (Frankfurt, Germany, 2024), paper Tu3D.2], offering a more comprehensive view of the capabilities and future potential of TFDM-based coherent access networks.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 7","pages":"C11-C21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intelligent learning-based routing algorithm for optical network-on-chips

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.543042

Zhouping Huang;Fang Xu;Yiyuan Xie;Ye Su;Zhuang Chen;Xiao Jiang

引用次数: 0

Fully softwarized 10G-EPON by low-latency function chaining in container environments

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.532796

Takahiro Suzuki;Sang-Yuep Kim;Jun-ichi Kani;Tomoaki Yoshida

{"title":"Fully softwarized 10G-EPON by low-latency function chaining in container environments","authors":"Takahiro Suzuki;Sang-Yuep Kim;Jun-ichi Kani;Tomoaki Yoshida","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.532796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.532796","url":null,"abstract":"In order to realize flexible optical access systems supporting various services in access networks, including passive optical networks (PONs), through agile development, network function virtualization (NFV) is being expanded from upper-layer management and control functions to physical-layer (PHY) functions. We have already demonstrated the real-time software implementation of 10G-EPON PHY on a general-purpose server with graphic processing units (GPUs). However, to realize desirable microservice architectures where functions are independently developed in each environment, function chaining with conventional inter-container communication schemes, such as transmission control protocol (TCP), incurs significant latency that hinders real-time physical-layer processing. In addition, no study has introduced the chaining of software-based PHY functions and upper-layer functions. The 64b/66b control functions are also problematic due to the serial processing, which adds control symbols to each frame that is input. This paper proposes low-latency function chaining in container environments along with parallelized 64b/66b implementation by separating bit shift operations of 2-bit header addition for fully softwarized 10G-EPON. In our inter-container transfer proposal, a shared data region is made available to the appropriate application when a processing completion notification flag is set in inter-container shared memory. A fully containerized optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network units (ONUs) are implemented and connected; throughput and round-trip latency are evaluated using standard Ethernet frames. Evaluation results show that our function chaining method offers low latency independent of transfer size and that our parallelized 64b/66b implementation method is 19 times faster than the conventional approach. Our containerized PON platform achieves round-trip latency of approximately 1 ms and theoretical 10G-EPON throughput performance of 8.7 Gb/s.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 4","pages":"275-284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optical access networks to support future 5G and 6G mobile networks [Invited]

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.551629

Fabienne Saliou;Philippe Chanclou;Gael Simon;Jeremy Potet;Georges Gaillard;Joseph Zandueta;Dylan Chevalier

引用次数: 0

Enabling extended access aggregation with light-trees and point-to-multipoint coherent transceivers

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.542492

P. Soumplis;K. Christodoulopoulos;P. Kokkinos;A. Napoli;M. Hosseini;K. Yiannopoulos;E. Varvarigos

{"title":"Enabling extended access aggregation with light-trees and point-to-multipoint coherent transceivers","authors":"P. Soumplis;K. Christodoulopoulos;P. Kokkinos;A. Napoli;M. Hosseini;K. Yiannopoulos;E. Varvarigos","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.542492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.542492","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, traffic from the access nodes is aggregated in metro-aggregation hubs over rings or horseshoes in a fixed configuration using multiple optical point-to-point (P2P) transceivers. However, this static setup limits dynamic scalability and often leads to inefficient resource usage and high costs, especially under increasing and varying traffic conditions. Coherent optical point-to-multipoint (P2MP) transceivers offer a promising solution for aggregation at this network level. These transceivers allow a single (aggregation) node to communicate with multiple (access) nodes simultaneously via digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) technology. Additionally, their long-distance transmission capabilities enable the placement of the P2MP transceiver root deeper in the hierarchy. In this paper, we propose an extended access aggregation architecture that incorporates modified reconfigurable optical add–drop multiplexers (ROADMs) to support both traditional P2P and P2MP connections. This architecture allows the creation of light-trees to enable P2MP communication and hence to boost transmission flexibility and multiplexing gains. We propose a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to determine the optimal placement of P2MP transceivers and the establishment of light-trees, considering physical layer impairments (PLIs) and the required quality of transmission (QoT) for the connections. To tackle the high algorithm complexity, we also introduce a best-fit decreasing heuristic to efficiently exploit the trade-off between execution time and performance. Our simulation experiments using real network topologies showcase that our proposed architecture can greatly enhance multiplexing gains while considering the operational costs tied to network expansions and upgrades.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 4","pages":"249-261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic-threshold-based pre-relaying for enhanced key allocation in quantum-secured networks

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.544857

Catalina Stan;Dominique Verchere;Juan Jose Vegas Olmos;Idelfonso Tafur Monroy;Simon Rommel

{"title":"Dynamic-threshold-based pre-relaying for enhanced key allocation in quantum-secured networks","authors":"Catalina Stan;Dominique Verchere;Juan Jose Vegas Olmos;Idelfonso Tafur Monroy;Simon Rommel","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.544857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.544857","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum key distribution (QKD) is experiencing a rapid increase of interest due to its security advantages in the face of quantum computers. However, typical QKD deployments are point-to-point and limited in terms of distance, which significantly restricts their utilization for end-user applications. To overcome these restrictions, trusted relays are adopted as intermediate nodes to allow the transition to QKD networks (QKDNs), where one of the hallmarks is the key management system. In this work, we investigate different key allocation strategies as a method to enhance the performance of key management systems in QKDN from the perspective of key allocation success rate and key delivery delay. We first describe an upgrade model from classical to QKDN at three distinct network layers—quantum, key management, and service. Then, we propose a novel, to our knowledge, key allocation strategy leveraging the benefits of key storage and relaying as a solution to improve the QKDN performance. To achieve this, our method makes use of end-to-end virtual quantum key pools (VQKPs) implemented between non-adjacent nodes requesting key material. We introduce static and dynamic upper and lower threshold limits at the VQKP level, with the dynamic thresholds adapted according to application demand, to control the key distribution in the network and fill the pools ahead of end-user requests. We demonstrate through simulations that the introduction of thresholds achieves performance enhancement and explain the trade-off between the key allocation success rate and key delivery delay evaluation metrics in comparison with different on-demand key allocation strategies.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 3","pages":"233-248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0