Journal of Optical Communications and Networking最新文献

Resilient single-star and passive double-star fiber links for point-to-multipoint optical networks with switchable path protection

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.538664

Takahiro Kodama;Shota Eguchi;Tomoya Nakagawa

{"title":"Resilient single-star and passive double-star fiber links for point-to-multipoint optical networks with switchable path protection","authors":"Takahiro Kodama;Shota Eguchi;Tomoya Nakagawa","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.538664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.538664","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the design of a new, to the best of our knowledge, switchable network with disaster resilience in mind. Specifically, it introduces a redundant link configuration consisting of a single star (SS) type provided to each optical distribution terminal (ODT) as the primary link and a passive double star (PDS) type provided to all ODTs as the secondary link. This configuration allows for a point-to-multipoint (P-to-MP) optical network that can switch between SS and PDS links using an optical switch to achieve rapid recovery and improved reliability during disasters. The study meticulously compares the capital cost and availability of the SS configuration, the PDS configuration, and the SS/PDS switchable configuration with and without variable reflection blocking (VRB). In addition, a bidirectional transmission experiment was conducted using wavelength conversion with two light sources and VRB to address single-link failures. The experimental results unequivocally confirmed that the proposed configuration functions effectively during link failures, ensuring energy-efficient operation and superior capital cost efficiency. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that using VRB at the ODT side allows for bidirectional communication while effectively suppressing reflections, further enhancing the system’s capital and operation cost efficiency. The proposed P-to-MP optical network configuration effectively ensures redundancy and reliability while accommodating the expanded scale of optical fiber deployment in next-generation mobile communication systems.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 4","pages":"324-337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design model of a three-stage folded Clos network with a decoupled first stage guaranteeing admissible blocking probability

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.550838

Eiji Oki;Ryotaro Taniguchi;Kazuya Anazawa;Takeru Inoue

{"title":"Design model of a three-stage folded Clos network with a decoupled first stage guaranteeing admissible blocking probability","authors":"Eiji Oki;Ryotaro Taniguchi;Kazuya Anazawa;Takeru Inoue","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.550838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.550838","url":null,"abstract":"Some data center networks have implemented optical circuit switching (OCS) to replace electrical packet switching, achieving reduced power consumption, lower latency, and increased capacity. This paper focuses on designing an OCS network to maximize the switching network size, defined as the number of terminals connected under the constraints of a fixed number of identical <tex>$N times N$</tex> switches and a specified maximum admissible blocking probability. An existing design for a three-stage folded Clos network encounters a limitation where the network size ceases to grow as the number of switches increases beyond a certain threshold. To address this, we propose a design model for a three-stage folded Clos network with the decoupled first stage, named 3dF, to maximize the network switching size while guaranteeing an admissible blocking probability. The 3dF model introduces an input–output layer that combines the first- and second-stage switches into a single, large switch and decouples the switching functions originally handled by a single switch at the first stage into two distinct switches. We formulate this model as an optimization problem and employ an exhaustive search-based algorithm to identify the structure with the largest switching network size in non-increasing order while ensuring that specified constraints, such as blocking probability, are satisfied. We derive theoretical results for three-stage folded Clos variants and, through numerical analysis, show that the 3dF design achieves a larger switching network size than other variants under the SNB condition or a blocking probability guarantee.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 4","pages":"309-323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive windowing-based concept drift detection and adaptation framework for human-to-machine applications over future communication networks

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.538964

Xiangyu Yu;Lihua Ruan;Jamie S. Evans;Elaine Wong

{"title":"Adaptive windowing-based concept drift detection and adaptation framework for human-to-machine applications over future communication networks","authors":"Xiangyu Yu;Lihua Ruan;Jamie S. Evans;Elaine Wong","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.538964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.538964","url":null,"abstract":"Human-to-machine (H2M) applications in future networks have strict low-latency transmission requirements. Thanks to the assistance of machine learning (ML) in future communication networks, ML-enhanced dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) schemes have been proposed to effectively reduce uplink latency in H2M applications. Existing methods generally assume that the H2M application traffic stream is stationary, thereby primarily designing an ML model based on a specific H2M application and fixed traffic load. However, future communication networks are expected to support dynamic and heterogeneous H2M applications. As such, incoming H2M data traffic from networks will change over time as different H2M applications have distinct traffic distributions, causing the concept drift in H2M applications. Meanwhile, another challenge in detecting the concept drift of H2M applications is detecting traffic distribution change in dynamic network environments among similar H2M application scenarios, which leads to an incremental drift of H2M application traffic. To tackle the above challenges, we propose an adaptive windowing-based concept drift detection and adaptation (ADA) framework to support H2M applications in dynamic and heterogeneous networks. Unlike existing solutions that mainly use fixed sliding windows, the proposed ADA dynamically changes the sliding window size based on the drift detection results. Hoeffding’s inequality-based drift detection algorithm is employed in ADA to effectively detect incremental H2M application traffic drift in a dynamic network. Comprehensive simulation investigations show that ADA can enhance DBA performance in terms of uplink latency reduction and rapidly responding and adapting to the concept drift in changing H2M applications and traffic load scenarios of 96.51% drift detection efficiency improvement, and over 50% packet delay reduction in model adaptation compared to frameworks are considered.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 4","pages":"338-351"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the potential of longitudinal power monitoring for detecting physical-layer attacks [Invited]

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.554766

Matheus Sena;Abdelrahmane Moawad;Robert Emmerich;Behnam Shariati;Marc Geitz;Ralf-Peter Braun;Johannes Fischer;Ronald Freund

{"title":"Exploring the potential of longitudinal power monitoring for detecting physical-layer attacks [Invited]","authors":"Matheus Sena;Abdelrahmane Moawad;Robert Emmerich;Behnam Shariati;Marc Geitz;Ralf-Peter Braun;Johannes Fischer;Ronald Freund","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.554766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.554766","url":null,"abstract":"The recurring cases of suspicious incidents involving optical fiber cables in recent years have exposed the vulnerabilities of modern communication networks. Whether driven by geopolitical tensions, sabotage, or urban vandalism, these disruptions can cause Internet blackouts, compromise user privacy, and, most critically, challenge operators’ reliability in delivering secure connectivity. Moreover, the emergence of such incidents raises key concerns about how effectively network operators can secure thousands of kilometers of deployed fiber without incurring additional costs from expensive monitoring solutions. In this context, the rise of receiver (Rx)-based digital signal processing (DSP) monitoring schemes can serve as a valuable ally. Originally designed for optical performance monitoring—providing insights such as the estimation of the longitudinal power monitoring (LPM) in optical fiber links—these approaches can also play a crucial role in detecting fiber-related attacks, as any attempt to leak or degrade information leaves distinctive optical power signatures that can be revealed by the Rx-DSP. Therefore, this work investigates the effectiveness of LPM in detecting physical-layer attacks. A detailed simulative analysis is conducted for fiber tapping, addressing aspects such as monitoring implementation, security vulnerabilities, and signature recognition. Other attacks, such as quality-of-service degradation and out-of-band jamming via gain competition, are explored qualitatively, offering insights and identifying opportunities for future research.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 7","pages":"C30-C40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital twin-enabled multi-step strategies for autonomous power equalization in optical networks

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.549934

Chenyu Sun;Xin Yang;Gabriel Charlet;Photios A. Stavrou;Yvan Pointurier

{"title":"Digital twin-enabled multi-step strategies for autonomous power equalization in optical networks","authors":"Chenyu Sun;Xin Yang;Gabriel Charlet;Photios A. Stavrou;Yvan Pointurier","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.549934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.549934","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes and experimentally evaluates digital twin techniques, incorporating multi-step lookahead and dynamic step-size adjustments for per-channel power equalization in optical networks. Digital twins, which are software replicas of physical systems, are utilized to monitor, analyze, and predict the network behavior, thereby enhancing decision-making processes before implementing any physical adjustments. The study focuses on optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through per-channel launch power equalization, addressing challenges, such as nonlinear inter-channel interference and power transfers across multiple optical multiplex sections. The proposed methodology leverages a digital twin to simulate and predict SNR variations using multi-step lookahead, ensuring the monotonous SNR improvement without service disruptions. Additionally, parallel adjustment and dynamic step-size methods significantly enhance efficiency. Experimental validation on a C-band meshed optical network testbed demonstrates substantial reductions in power errors, improved SNR performance, and decreased commissioning time, highlighting the practical feasibility and efficiency of the approach. The findings underscore the transformative potential of digital twins in advancing autonomous optical network management.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 7","pages":"C41-C50"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shaping the future of optical networks by integrating SDN, telemetry, and AI [Invited]

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.553843

Piero Castoldi;Filippo Cugini;Molka Gharbaoui;Alessio Giorgetti;Francesco Paolucci;Anna Lina Ruscelli;Nicola Sambo;Andrea Sgambelluri;Luca Valcarenghi

{"title":"Shaping the future of optical networks by integrating SDN, telemetry, and AI [Invited]","authors":"Piero Castoldi;Filippo Cugini;Molka Gharbaoui;Alessio Giorgetti;Francesco Paolucci;Anna Lina Ruscelli;Nicola Sambo;Andrea Sgambelluri;Luca Valcarenghi","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.553843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.553843","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the most prominent lines of optical network control evolution, focusing on software-defined networking (SDN), NETCONF/YANG protocols, telemetry techniques, advancements in packet/optical networking, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within optical networks. We show how the integration of SDN with open modeling frameworks allows to devise hierarchical control models where we trade-off between the segregation of proprietary hardware and the creation of open interfaces like in the OpenSDK scenario. In addition, we depict the convergence of packet and optical layers with advancements in coherent technologies and pervasive telemetry techniques to create new flexible scenarios for controlling optical networks. On top of these approaches, the intent-based networking allows to implement configuration solutions using natural primitives. Finally, key applications of AI, mainly machine learning (ML), including quality-of-transmission estimation, failure prediction, and resource optimization, are analyzed to improve optical network control efficiency alongside their challenges, such as energy efficiency and data scarcity. By addressing advances in the aforementioned areas of research, this work outlines the transformative potential of combining programmability, real-time telemetry, and AI to build resilient, adaptive, and sustainable optical infrastructures for the future.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 7","pages":"C51-C61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling and analysis of coherent metro + PON converged networks for ultra-high speed applications

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.544594

Safana Al zoubi;Roberto Gaudino

{"title":"Modeling and analysis of coherent metro + PON converged networks for ultra-high speed applications","authors":"Safana Al zoubi;Roberto Gaudino","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.544594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.544594","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the ultra-high bitrate and extended-reach demands of future broadband services and 5G/6G fronthauling, today’s passive optical networks (PONs) require a significant technological jump, particularly towards coherent detection. This shift makes the development of fast and accurate models for future coherent PONs essential, especially for physical-layer network planning tools and digital twin applications. In this paper, we thus present a frequency-resolved physical-based model for performance estimation of coherent transmission over PON or <tex>${rm metro} + {rm PON}$</tex> converged networks, considering a broad range of electrical and optical impairments and two approaches for DSP-based equalization. Specifically, the model accounts for frequency- and polarization-dependent optical channels, optical and electrical noises, coherent receiver electrical bandwidth limitations, and in-phase/quadrature imbalances. Numerical validation of the proposed frequency model against extensive time-domain simulations demonstrates high accuracy across diverse impairments, with discrepancies in the estimated signal-to-noise ratio showing a standard deviation of 0.15 dB over a very wide variation range on the relevant parameters, along with significant improvements in both time and computational efficiency. We conclude the paper by presenting two examples of application of the developed model in dimensioning ultra-high bitrate future access networks.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 4","pages":"294-308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10937284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DRL-assisted quantum attack mitigation in resource allocation of CV-QKD over optical networks

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.546587

Shifeng Ding;Yuansen Cheng;Calvin Chun-Kit Chan

{"title":"DRL-assisted quantum attack mitigation in resource allocation of CV-QKD over optical networks","authors":"Shifeng Ding;Yuansen Cheng;Calvin Chun-Kit Chan","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.546587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.546587","url":null,"abstract":"Due to possible imperfect implementation of laser sources and coherent detectors, continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) in optical networks is vulnerable to quantum attacks, which would significantly degrade the secret key rate (SKR) and compromise the security of the quantum keys. The attackers may steal the data encrypted with the compromised keys, leading to service failure and resource wastage. To tackle it, we propose a quantum attack mitigation resource allocation scheme (QAM-RA) for CV-QKD over optical networks. It corrects the biased channel parameters of the compromised quantum channels by conducting appropriate countermeasures, re-analyzes the SKR, and allocates additional quantum resources to compensate for the loss of SKR. A deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework based on the Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) algorithm is developed to determine QAM-RA solutions intelligently. Extensive simulations have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the DRL-assisted QAM-RA scheme in two test networks. Simulation results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in mitigating quantum attacks and reducing user request blocking probabilities.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 4","pages":"262-274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive TFDM coherent PON: a flexible architecture with variable modulation formats and baud rates for next-generation optical access networks

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.549585

Haipeng Zhang;Zhensheng Jia;Luis Alberto Campos;Karthik Choutagunta;Curtis Knittle

{"title":"Adaptive TFDM coherent PON: a flexible architecture with variable modulation formats and baud rates for next-generation optical access networks","authors":"Haipeng Zhang;Zhensheng Jia;Luis Alberto Campos;Karthik Choutagunta;Curtis Knittle","doi":"10.1364/JOCN.549585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.549585","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a highly adaptable and flexible TFDM coherent PON architecture, designed to address the diverse service requirements of next-generation optical access networks. We introduce an innovative approach featuring flexible modulation formats, adaptable baud rates, and dynamic link budget management, enabling the support of various service groups with tailored data rates and reach. Two experimental demonstrations validate the proposed TFDM coherent PON design. In the first demonstration, DSCs with 6.25 GBd DP-QPSK and DP-16QAM modulation provide 25 and 50 Gb/s data rates over 80 and 50 km reaches, respectively, while supporting both P2P link and P2MP links with up to 128 end users. The second demonstration further explores the adaptability of the system, with DSCs employing different baud rates: 6.25 GBd DP-QPSK, 12.5 GBd DP-16QAM, and 15.625 GBd DP-64QAM, delivering 25, 100, and 187.5 Gb/s data rates over varying distances and user counts. The second experiment also incorporates OOB communication channels for potential MAC control and OAM functionalities, showcasing the robust performance and versatility of the proposed TFDM coherent PON. This work extends our recent ECOC publication [European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) (Frankfurt, Germany, 2024), paper Tu3D.2], offering a more comprehensive view of the capabilities and future potential of TFDM-based coherent access networks.","PeriodicalId":50103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Optical Communications and Networking","volume":"17 7","pages":"C11-C21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intelligent learning-based routing algorithm for optical network-on-chips

IF 4 2区计算机科学

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.543042

Zhouping Huang;Fang Xu;Yiyuan Xie;Ye Su;Zhuang Chen;Xiao Jiang

引用次数: 0