The Plant Cell最新文献_第2页

Salicylic acid biosynthesis via the PAL pathway requires benzaldehyde synthase and a benzyl salicylate-specific esterase. 通过PAL途径生物合成水杨酸需要苯甲醛合成酶和苯基水杨酸特异性酯酶。

The Plant Cell Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaf241

Dawei Ma,Harley Gordon,Rashid Nazir,Jeremy E Wulff,C Peter Constabel

{"title":"Salicylic acid biosynthesis via the PAL pathway requires benzaldehyde synthase and a benzyl salicylate-specific esterase.","authors":"Dawei Ma,Harley Gordon,Rashid Nazir,Jeremy E Wulff,C Peter Constabel","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf241","url":null,"abstract":"Salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis in plants occurs via the isochorismate synthase (ICS) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathways. The critical steps from benzyl-CoA to SA in the PAL-mediated pathway remain unknown. To probe benzenoid metabolism, we generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockouts of benzaldehyde synthase in poplar. These plants produce less benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate and SA, yet accumulate more benzoic acid. We show that HSR203J encodes a carboxylesterase that specifically hydrolyzes benzyl salicylate. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of HSR203J in Nicotiana benthamiana led to reduced benzyl salicylate hydrolysis to SA. Based on these data, we propose a biosynthesis model and provide evidence that benzoyl-CoA is esterified to benzyl benzoate and converted to benzyl salicylate, which then releases SA. In addition, we identified a pathogen-induced cytochrome P450 encoded by HSR515 as a putative benzyl benzoate 2-hydroxylase. VIGS-mediated suppression of HSR515 in N. benthamiana reduced the conversion of benzyl benzoate to SA. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Brassicaceae genomes do not contain HSR203J and HSR515 orthologs, whereas these genes are present in other vascular plants. These findings represent an important advance in our understanding of SA biosynthesis and identify missing steps in the PAL-mediated SA biosynthetic pathway.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145296066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structure and autoinhibitory regulation of MET1 in the maintenance of plant CG methylation MET1在植物CG甲基化维持中的结构和自抑制调控

The Plant Cell Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaf246

Jiuwei Lu, Xinyi Chen, Jian Fang, Daniel Li, Huy Le, Xuehua Zhong, Jikui Song

{"title":"Structure and autoinhibitory regulation of MET1 in the maintenance of plant CG methylation","authors":"Jiuwei Lu, Xinyi Chen, Jian Fang, Daniel Li, Huy Le, Xuehua Zhong, Jikui Song","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf246","url":null,"abstract":"Plant DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (MET1) is responsible for maintaining genome-wide CG methylation. Its dysregulation has been linked to profound biological disruptions, including genomic instability and developmental defects. However, the exact mechanism by which MET1 orchestrates these vital functions and coordinates its various domains to shape the plant-specific epigenome remains unknown. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of Arabidopsis thaliana MET1 (AtMET1), revealing an autoinhibitory mechanism that governs its DNA methylation activity. Between the two replication-foci-target sequence (RFTS) domains in AtMET1, the second RFTS domain (RFTS2) directly associates with the methyltransferase (MTase) domain, thereby inhibiting substrate-binding activity. Compared to DNMT1, AtMET1 lacks the CXXC domain and its downstream autoinhibitory linker, featuring only limited RFTS2-MTase interactions, resulting in a much-reduced autoinhibitory contact. In line with this difference, the DNA methylation activity of AtMET1 displays less temperature dependence than that of DNMT1, potentially allowing MET1 to maintain its activity across diverse temperature conditions. We further report the structure of AtMET1 bound to hemimethylated CG (hmCG) DNA, unveiling the molecular basis for substrate binding and CG recognition by AtMET1, and an activation mechanism that involves a coordinated conformational shift between two structural elements of its active site. In addition, our combined structural and biochemical analysis highlights distinct functionalities between the two RFTS domains of AtMET1, unraveling their evolutionary divergence from the DNMT1 RFTS domain. Together, this study offers a framework for understanding the structure and mechanism of AtMET1, with profound implications for the maintenance of CG methylation in plants.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145282733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural mechanisms underlying the free fatty acid-mediated regulation of DIACYLGLYCEROL O-ACYLTRANSFERASE 1 in Arabidopsis. 游离脂肪酸介导的拟南芥二酰基甘油o -酰基转移酶1调控的结构机制。

The Plant Cell Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaf239

Xiuying Liu,Junjie Li,Danfeng Song,Zhenfeng Liu

{"title":"Structural mechanisms underlying the free fatty acid-mediated regulation of DIACYLGLYCEROL O-ACYLTRANSFERASE 1 in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Xiuying Liu,Junjie Li,Danfeng Song,Zhenfeng Liu","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf239","url":null,"abstract":"Triacylglycerol (TAG) constitutes the primary component of plant oils and is essential for food and biodiesel production. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1), the key rate-limiting enzyme in TAG biosynthesis, is an important target for engineering plants with enhanced oil yield and improved fatty acyl composition. Environmental stress triggers the accumulation of toxic lipid intermediates such as free fatty acids (FFAs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs). Plants alleviate lipid toxicity by upregulating DGAT1 to channel the intermediates into TAG. Through biochemical studies, we demonstrate that free fatty acids (FFAs) directly enhance the activity of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DGAT1 (AtDGAT1) by approximately three-fold. Cryo-EM structures of wild-type AtDGAT1 and a low-activity mutant (H447A) reveal the binding sites for both substrates (DAG/oleoyl-CoA), two products (TAG/CoASH) and multiple FFA molecules. Remarkably, mutating a cysteine residue (Cys246) in contact with the FFA head group to Ala, Ser or Thr, increases AtDAGT1 activity significantly. The C246A mutant accommodates the carboxyl group of FFA slightly deeper within the active site, potentially enhancing substrate binding. Furthermore, the FFA molecules orient the acyl-CoA tail at a position favorable for the catalytic reaction. Our integrated biochemical and structural results provide insights into the catalytic mechanism and activity regulation of DGAT1, which will enable the future engineering of oil crops.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural insights into plant DNA CG methylation maintenance by MET1 MET1对植物DNA CG甲基化维持的结构见解

The Plant Cell Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaf244

Zhihui Zhang, Wentao Li, Yue Liu, Cheng Chi, Jing Nan, Changshi Wang, Yongkun Zhu, Jun Zhao, Yan Xue, Yong Li, Peiyi Wang, Jixian Zhai, Jiamu Du

引用次数: 0

A light-governed cascade of ubiquitin modifications regulates cotton fiber development by coordinating PIN3a proteolysis. 泛素修饰的光调控级联通过协调PIN3a蛋白水解来调节棉纤维的发育。

The Plant Cell Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaf237

Liuqin Zhang,Yanling Zhou,Xingxian Fu,Changzheng Xu,Lina Liu,Xinyue Du,Yahong An,Mingxuan Xu,Liman Mu,Qingqing Li,Jinyu Cui,Lei Hou,Yan Pei,Mi Zhang

{"title":"A light-governed cascade of ubiquitin modifications regulates cotton fiber development by coordinating PIN3a proteolysis.","authors":"Liuqin Zhang,Yanling Zhou,Xingxian Fu,Changzheng Xu,Lina Liu,Xinyue Du,Yahong An,Mingxuan Xu,Liman Mu,Qingqing Li,Jinyu Cui,Lei Hou,Yan Pei,Mi Zhang","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf237","url":null,"abstract":"PIN-mediated auxin transport is crucial for light-regulated plant organogenesis; however, how light modulates PIN localization remains elusive. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), a key textile crop, requires ample sunlight for optimal growth and fiber development. Yet, the mechanism underlying light-regulated fiber development is obscure. Our research shows that light promotes fiber initiation and elongation through inhibiting ubiquitylation degradation of GhPIN3a and subsequently enhancing GhPIN3a plasma-membrane localization. In fiber cells, where GhPIN3a undergoes preferential ubiquitylation, GhCOP1 was identified to control ubiquitylation degradation of GhPIN3a in response to light. Dark-stabilized GhCOP1 targets GhUCH3, which interacts with GhPIN3a to balance its stability through deubiquitylation. This regulatory cascade converts light signals into developmental cues in cotton fibers. Intriguingly, while GhCOP1 promotes GhUCH3 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), GhUCH3 modulates GhPIN3a proteolysis through both the UPS and the vacuolar degradation pathway. Our findings reveal a light-regulated GhPIN3a stability mechanism through the GhCOP1-GhUCH3 module, consequently influencing cotton fiber development.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Complex regulation of Citron OGD2-dependent resistance to citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. 柑桔ogd2依赖性抗柑桔黄单胞菌溃疡病的复杂调控。citri。

The Plant Cell Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaf225

Chenxing Hao,Yan Jin,Hanying Su,Jianming Luo,Xuzhao Luo,Mingzhu Yao,Yuting Song,Jian Han,Xiubin Liu,Yu Xu,Yajie Zheng,Zhengmin Yang,Dazhi Li,Xuncheng Liu,Shunyuan Xiao,Xingyao Xiong,Ziniu Deng,Yunlin Cao,Xianfeng Ma

{"title":"Complex regulation of Citron OGD2-dependent resistance to citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.","authors":"Chenxing Hao,Yan Jin,Hanying Su,Jianming Luo,Xuzhao Luo,Mingzhu Yao,Yuting Song,Jian Han,Xiubin Liu,Yu Xu,Yajie Zheng,Zhengmin Yang,Dazhi Li,Xuncheng Liu,Shunyuan Xiao,Xingyao Xiong,Ziniu Deng,Yunlin Cao,Xianfeng Ma","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf225","url":null,"abstract":"Iron is an essential nutrient for all organisms. Feruloyl-COA 6-hydroxylase 1 (F6'H1) plays a pivotal role in iron uptake in plant roots by catalyzing the biosynthesis of iron-mobilizing scopoletin, a secondary metabolite also possessing antimicrobial activity. However, it remains unclear whether F6'H1-mediated iron uptake affects plant resistance to foliar pathogens and how such a process might be regulated. Here, we show that enhanced expression of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases 2 (CmOGD2), a homolog of F6'H1 in Citron C-05 (Citrus medica L.), confers resistance to citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc). CmOGD2-mediated pathogen resistance is achieved by promoting iron uptake and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which likely results in ferroptosis. Furthermore, CmOGD2 interacts with the enolase CmENO2 to destabilize CmZAT10.1, a transcriptional activator of CmOGD2, thereby forming a negative feedback loop that limits CmOGD2 expression. Notably, the Xcc effector pthA4 interferes with the CmOGD2-CmENO2 interaction, likely via a decoy mechanism, leading to CmZAT10.1 accumulation. These findings reveal complex regulatory mechanisms underlying the critical role of CmOGD2 in mediating Xcc resistance through iron- and ROS-dependent ferroptosis.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editing of rice PSEUDO-ETIOLATION IN LIGHT microProtein genes promotes chloroplast development 水稻伪黄化蛋白基因的编辑促进叶绿体发育

The Plant Cell Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaf235

Heebak Choi, Tae Gyu Yi, Yun-Shil Gho, Ki-Hong Jung, Sun-Hwa Ha

引用次数: 0

Non-Photochemical Quenching in Plants: Mechanisms and Mysteries. 植物的非光化学猝灭：机制和奥秘。

The Plant Cell Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaf240

Herbert van Amerongen,Roberta Croce

{"title":"Non-Photochemical Quenching in Plants: Mechanisms and Mysteries.","authors":"Herbert van Amerongen,Roberta Croce","doi":"10.1093/plcell/koaf240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf240","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are vulnerable to photodamage when exposed to light intensities that exceed their photosynthetic capacity. To protect themselves, they activate Non-Photochemical Quenching (NPQ), a set of processes that dissipate excess excitation energy as heat. NPQ has been studied extensively, but the field remains conceptually fragmented and general consensus on the underlying mechanisms has yet to be reached. Interest in NPQ has recently intensified due to studies showing that tuning NPQ regulation can lead to substantial improvements in photosynthetic efficiency and even crop yield increases of up to 30%. In this review, we aim to bring structure to the diverse and sometimes contradictory NPQ literature by framing the discussion around a set of key mechanistic questions. We focus on the fastest component of NPQ, known as qE, which is activated within the first minutes of excess light exposure. Topics addressed include the molecular properties and roles of PsbS and zeaxanthin, potential conformational changes in light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), reorganization of the thylakoid membrane, and the interplay between these different factors. We synthesize the available evidence into a working model in which qE arises largely from a localized conformational switch in a small number of antenna complexes, triggered by PsbS whereas zeaxanthin increases the domain size of the antenna that can be quenched by each of these quenchers.","PeriodicalId":501012,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DSPicable V: TuMV exploits a dual-specificity phosphatase to suppress MAPK signaling and host resistance. DSPicable V: TuMV利用双特异性磷酸酶抑制MAPK信号传导和宿主抗性。

The Plant Cell Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaf238

Rory Osborne

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Decoding tissue-specific enhancers in plants using massively parallel assays and deep learning. 使用大规模并行分析和深度学习解码植物组织特异性增强子。

The Plant Cell Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaf236

Yaxin Deng,Weihua Zhao,Yixue Xiong,Muhammad Naeem,Shan Lu,Xuanwei Zhou,Lingxia Zhao,Lida Zhang

引用次数: 0