Translational Insights into Abiotic Interactions: From Arabidopsis to Crop Plants

Adrienne H K Roeder, Yiting Shi, Shuhua Yang, Mohamad Abbas, Rashmi Sasidharan, Marcelo J Yanovsky, Jorge José Casal, Sandrine Ruffel, Nicolaus von Wirén, Sarah M Assmann, Noah A Kinscherf, Arkadipta Bakshi, Burcu Alptekin, Simon Gilroy, Malleshaiah SharathKumar, Salomé Prat, Cristiana T Argueso
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Abstract

Understanding crop plants responses to abiotic stress is increasingly important in this changing climate. We asked experts how discoveries in Arabidopsis thaliana have translated into advancements in abiotic crop stress resilience. The theme is that core regulatory networks identified in Arabidopsis are conserved in crops, but the molecular regulation varies among species. For cold tolerance, the regulatory framework is conserved, but MAP Kinase signaling promotes degradation of the INDUCER OF DREB1 EXPRESSION (ICE) transcription factor in Arabidopsis but inhibits it in rice. For hypoxia, manipulation of the oxygen sensing Arg/N-degron pathway discovered in Arabidopsis has improved waterlogging and flood tolerance in barley, maize, wheat, and soybean. For light signaling, overexpression of PHYTOCHROME B reduces shade avoidance, improving yield under dense planting in potato, soybean, and maize. In rice, understanding of nitrogen responsiveness, uptake, and transport in Arabidopsis has inspired engineering of the NRT1 nitrate transceptor to increase yield. Overexpressing Arabidopsis genes in crops confers drought tolerance, although none have been commercialized. Growing plants in space generates a complex array of stresses, and Arabidopsis experiments in the space station prepare for future development of robust crops as integral components of the life support systems. For environmental regulation of flowering time, the role of the GIGANTEA (GI) - CONTANS (CO) - FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) module elucidated in Arabidopsis is largely conserved in crop plants, although additional regulators modify short day responsiveness in rice, soybean, chrysanthemum, and potato.
非生物相互作用的转化见解:从拟南芥到作物植物
在这种不断变化的气候中,了解作物对非生物胁迫的反应变得越来越重要。我们向专家询问了拟南芥的发现如何转化为非生物作物抗逆性的进步。主题是在拟南芥中发现的核心调控网络在作物中是保守的,但不同物种之间的分子调控是不同的。对于耐寒性,调控框架是保守的,但MAP激酶信号在拟南芥中促进DREB1表达诱导剂(ICE)转录因子的降解,而在水稻中则抑制其降解。对于缺氧,在拟南芥中发现的对氧感应Arg/N-degron通路的操纵改善了大麦、玉米、小麦和大豆的耐涝性和耐洪性。对于光信号,光敏色素B的过表达减少了遮荫,提高了马铃薯、大豆和玉米在密植条件下的产量。在水稻中,对拟南芥氮素响应性、吸收和转运的了解启发了NRT1硝酸盐受体的工程设计,以提高产量。在作物中过度表达拟南芥基因赋予耐旱性,尽管还没有商业化。在太空中种植植物会产生一系列复杂的压力,空间站的拟南芥实验为未来发展健壮的作物作为生命维持系统的组成部分做好了准备。对于开花时间的环境调控,在拟南芥中阐明的GIGANTEA (GI) - CONTANS (CO) -开花位点T (FT)模块的作用在作物植物中很大程度上是保守的,尽管其他调控因子可以调节水稻、大豆、菊花和马铃薯的短日响应性。
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