The Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Phospholipid transporter MlaFEDCB regulates Klebsiella pneumoniae virulence by modulating fimbriae synthesis and stress-adaptive growth.","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhao,Haoqi Liu,Qinglan Guo,Mohan Ju,Minggui Wang,Xiaohua Qin,Min Hao","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf517","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDKlebsiella pneumoniae is a key opportunistic pathogen, and its emerging hyper-virulent strains pose a growing public health threat. An association exists between the phospholipid transporter MlaFEDCB and bacterial virulence; however, its regulatory role and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we focused on K. pneumoniae virulence regulation via mlaFEDCB under in vitro and in vivo conditions.METHODS AND RESULTSHomology analysis showed that mlaFEDCB gene cluster is highly conservative among gram-negative bacterial strains and is contiguously arranged and co-transcribed within the genome. Experiment involving murine intraperitoneal infection revealed that mice infected with KP-ΔmlaFEDCB strain showed substantially prolonged survival (P = 0.0005). Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis showed altered expression of virulence-associated genes, especially fimH and fimD, which are involved in fimbrial structure and host cell adherence. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy showed that the WT-KP strain demonstrated a complex fibrous fimbrial network, with several long, thin structures interwoven with those of neighboring bacteria, whereas the KP-ΔmlaFEDCB strain showed markedly fewer fimbriae and lacked the fimbrial network. Furthermore, bladder epithelial cells adhesion assay showed an apparent reduction in the KP-ΔmlaFEDCB strain compared to the WT-KP strain. The growth of the KP-ΔmlaFEDCB strain was significantly compromised in comparison to the wild-type strain under stress conditions.CONCLUSIONThus, mlaFEDCB gene cluster increases the adhesion, invasion, and environmental adaptability of K. pneumoniae by modulating virulence-related gene expression, pilus synthesis, and growth under stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased plasmacytoid dendritic cells and inflammation persist in people with HIV years after tuberculosis.","authors":"Maureen Ward,Paul Zumbo,Yvetot Joseph,Alexandra Apollon,Alicia Alonso,Doron Betel,Daniel W Fitzgerald,Jean W Pape,Kathryn M Dupnik","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf499","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPeople living with HIV who have history of cured TB have worse outcomes, including increased all-cause mortality and risk for recurrent TB. We hypothesized that persistent and global immune deficits could contribute to these outcomes in people with history of TB.METHODSWe completed FLEX Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing of PBMC of people living with HIV with (n=6) or without (n=3) TB history at GHESKIO Centers in Haiti. We subtyped dendritic cells using flow cytometry and quantitated cytokines on an expanded cohort (n=29) to confirm FLEX-CITE-Seq findings.RESULTSCell types with statistically significantly differential levels of expression for more than 40 genes all had over-representation of a TNF-mediated pathway. In an expanded cohort of 29 people with HIV, we found a larger percentage of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by flow cytometry and increased plasma IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-2, IFN-alpha, and TNF in the TB history group (n=18) compared to people with no history of TB (n=11).DISCUSSIONA proinflammatory milieu and immune cell gene expression changes mediated by TNF persist in people living with HIV even years after TB cure. If the differences are pre-existing risk factors or establish during the natural history of HIV and TB infections is still to be determined.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing respiratory illness surveillance case definitions to detect Bordetella pertussis in children aged <5 years with respiratory illness in South Africa, 2017-2023","authors":"Kate Bishop, Fahima Moosa, Mvuyo Makhasi, Jackie Kleynhans, Fathima Naby, Mignon du Plessis, Gary Reubenson, Halima Dawood, Heather J Zar, Susan Meiring, Vanessa Quan, Nicole Wolter, Anne von Gottberg, Cheryl Cohen, Alex de Voux, Sibongile Walaza","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf501","url":null,"abstract":"Background Pertussis is vaccine-preventable and surveillance can guide interventions. Assessing the performance of syndromic surveillance and the World Health Organization (WHO) pertussis case definitions can identify improvements to enhance detection and monitoring of Bordetella pertussis. Methods We analysed respiratory illness sentinel surveillance data among children aged &amp;lt;5 years from January 2017 through December 2023. Participants were enrolled as outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI), or hospitalised patients with severe respiratory illness (SRI) surveillance. Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for B. pertussis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sensitivity, specificity, and performance indicators of case definitions were evaluated against PCR results. Results Of 23,642 participants with PCR results, B. pertussis was detected in 0.7% (30/4,125; median age: 6.2 months; interquartile range [IQR]: 2.1–15.8) from ILI and 1.6% (314/19,517; median age: 1.7 months; IQR: 1.2–2.4) from SRI surveillance. Compared to the WHO pertussis case definition, a modified pertussis case definition (including apnoea, omitting cough duration) improved sensitivity (ILI: 30.0% vs. 43.3%; SRI: 55.7% vs. 60.2%), but reduced specificity (ILI: 90.5% vs. 75.8%; SRI: 88.3% vs. 80.9%). Negative predictive values were high for both definitions (&amp;gt;99%), while positive predictive values were low (&amp;lt;15%), reflecting low prevalence. Both WHO- and modified pertussis case definitions missed a large proportion of true pertussis cases (ILI: 70.0% vs. 56.7%; SRI: 44.3% vs. 39.8%). Conclusion Both WHO and modified pertussis case definitions missed many laboratory-confirmed pertussis cases, underestimating disease burden. Revising the WHO pertussis case definition and integrating pertussis into syndromic surveillance could improve detection while leveraging existing resources.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring TB-specific immunity in early HIV infection—the dual promise of early antiretroviral and TB preventive treatment","authors":"Patrick K Moonan, Stephen O Mathew, Jerry W Simecka, Stephen E Weis","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf518","url":null,"abstract":"Early HIV infection disrupts TB-specific immunity, raising TB risk before CD4 decline. Early ART may help but cannot fully restore function, making tuberculosis preventive treatment indispensable—potentially lifelong—to close immunologic gaps and reduce HIV-associated TB morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of Surgical Site infections with pathogens presumably resistant to perioperative prophylaxis in orthopaedic tumour surgery: Secondary analysis of the PARITY trial.","authors":"Sabine Kuster,Caleb Gottlich,Timothy O'Shea,Michelle Ghert,Dominik Mertz","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf513","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDSurgical procedures for malignant bone tumours of the lower extremity are associated with a significant risk for surgical site infection (SSI). Little is known about the microbiology and risk factors for resistant SSIs in this population.METHODSWe describe the characteristics and microbiology of SSIs as well as risk factors for antimicrobial resistance against antibiotics used for perioperative prophylaxis in a secondary analysis of the PARITY trial population. The PARITY trial assessed the effect of short-term (24 hours) versus long-term (five days) postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis on the SSI incidence in orthopaedic oncology.RESULTSSSI were identified in 96 of 604 patients (15.9%), with at least one pathogen isolated in 73 (76.0%). The most common pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (34.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (24.0%), and Enterobacterales (22.9%). The proportion of pathogens with presumed resistance against cephalosporins was similar in the two groups (65.9% in the short-term vs. 71.9% in the long-term arm; OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.28, 2.06; p=0.583). Neutropenia (22.9% vs. 4.8%; OR 5.95, CI 0.72, 49.45; p=0.062) and initiation of antibiotics more than seven days before SSI diagnosis (50.0% vs. 34.8%; OR 1.88, CI 0.68, 5.21; p=0.225) were numerically but not statistically significantly more common in those with presumed resistance.CONCLUSIONSSSI due to pathogens presumably resistant to the systemic or local prophylactic agents used are common in patients undergoing reconstruction for bone tumours. Selection of presumably resistant pathogens is not driven by duration of antibiotic prophylaxis; however, antibiotic-loaded cement was associated with resistance.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibodies to tick salivary antigens AV422 and calreticulin in patients with spotted fever group rickettsioses and other febrile illnesses in northern Tanzania","authors":"Ganga S Moorthy, Bessie H Blocher, Deng B Madut, Halie K Miller, Jamie L Perniciaro, Jo E B Halliday, Blandina T Mmbaga, Bingileki F Lwezaula, Sarah Cleaveland, Venance P Maro, John A Crump, William L Nicholson, Matthew P Rubach","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf506","url":null,"abstract":"Background Timely and accurate diagnosis of spotted fever rickettsioses (SFR) is difficult due to non-specific symptoms and testing challenges. We evaluated serum antibodies to tick salivary proteins, AV422 and calreticulin, as potential markers of recent tick exposure in febrile patients from northern Tanzania. Methods We recruited febrile patients at two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania from February 2012 through May 2014. Acute and convalescent sera from enrolled participants were tested against Rickettsia africae antigen using indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA). Participants with ≥four-fold rise in R. africae IFA immunoglobulin G reciprocal titer between sera were classified as cases (n = 70), those with paired sera with reciprocal titer ≥64, but no ≥four-fold rise as exposed (n = 40), and participants with reciprocal titer &amp;lt;32 in either sera as unexposed (n = 38). Acute and convalescent sera were tested for calreticulin and AV422 antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results We found significantly higher calreticulin antibody levels in acute sera of cases compared to exposed, unexposed, and the combined comparator of exposed and unexposed (adjusted mean difference 17.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.37–28.61; 17.61, 6.55–28.67; 18.11, 9.13–27.10, respectively). Calreticulin distinguished cases from exposed and unexposed among 0-15 years old with positive predictive value of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.61-0.88) and sensitivity of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.81-0.99). Conclusions In the acute phase of febrile illness, measurement of calreticulin antibody, a proposed marker for tick exposure, was higher in patients with confirmed tick-borne illness and had reasonable diagnostic test characteristics.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Tryptophan Metabolism for Tuberculosis Biomarkers and Host Directed Therapy.","authors":"Jeffrey M Collins,Nestani Tukvadze,Russell R Kempker","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf510","url":null,"abstract":"Greater understanding of the role of tryptophan metabolism in the immune response to tuberculosis (TB) has provided promising avenues to explore new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Animal and human studies have demonstrated that host indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is upregulated in response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resulting in increased tryptophan metabolism to kynurenine. In TB disease, this is evidenced by elevation of the plasma kynurenine to tryptophan ratio, which is reversed with effective TB treatment thus showing utility as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker. Kynurenine and downstream metabolites promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment in TB granulomas, which may facilitate immune evasion. IDO inhibition in non-human primates has highlighted its potential role as host-directed therapy by demonstrating increased T cell trafficking to the granuloma core, reduced bacterial burden, and decreased immunopathology. To realize the potential of exploiting the tryptophan to kynurenine metabolic pathway, innovative biomarker and host-directed therapy trials are needed.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling Human Papillomavirus lineage-specific capsid antigenicity using geographically diverse natural infection antibodies.","authors":"Kavita Panwar,Kazutomo Yokoya,Sofia Gomes,Vanessa Tenet,John Schussler,Rolando Herrero,Lisa Mirabello,John T Schiller,Mónica S Sierra,Gary M Clifford,Simon Beddows","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf502","url":null,"abstract":"Human Papillomavirus variants are classified into lineages based upon their whole genome sequence, but the impact of lineage variation on the structure or function of encoded proteins is unclear. We used a global panel of lineage-specific natural infection sera to assess antibody binding specificity for lineage-specific L1L2 antigens and used these data to create relational antigenic maps. Merging these data with neutralizing antibody data demonstrated similar spatial geometry and support dependency on a limited number of amino residues on the capsid surface. These data inform the degree of lineage specificity within the natural infection humoral immune response to oncogenic HPVs.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Virus Infections and Pulmonary Impairment after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Guang-Shing Cheng,Angela P Campbell,Hu Xie,Chikara Ogimi,Alpana Waghmare,Jane Kuypers,W Garrett Nichols,Paul Carpenter,Lawrence Corey,Cheryl Callais,Brenda M Sandmaier,Terry Stevens-Ayers,Keith R Jerome,Jason W Chien,Wendy M Leisenring,Janet A Englund,Michael Boeckh","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf503","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDRespiratory virus infections (RVI) are common after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but their effect on pulmonary outcomes, including bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), and mortality is poorly defined.METHODSProspective cohort study of 471 allogeneic HCT recipients transplanted in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic era in an academic cancer center. Participants were prospectively followed for one year with serial handheld spirometry, symptom questionnaires, and multiplex 11-virus PCR. Pulmonary function testing occurred at recommended intervals. Cox proportional hazard and generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate associations between RVI and weekly spirometry with late airflow obstruction (AFO), BOS, and overall mortality.RESULTSThe one-year cumulative incidence of at least one RVI was 62%; lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) occurred in 7.6% of patients. Late AFO developed in 15.6% of patients and BOS in 3.9% of patients. Any symptomatic viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) were associated with AFO (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.87, 95% CI 1.11-3.16) and BOS (aHR 2.65, 95% CI 1.02-6.91). Individually, PIV-3 URTI were associated with AFO (aHR 2.83, 95% CI 1.01-7.97) and RSV URTI were associated with BOS (aHR 6.32, 95% CI 2.04-19.6). Short-term airflow decline was associated with AFO. Any LRTD (aHR 3.49, 95% CI 2.18-5.57), as well as symptomatic influenza URTI (aHR 2.68, 95% CI 1.52-4.72), were associated with mortality.CONCLUSIONSRVI after HCT, particularly those caused by RSV, PIV-3 and influenza, increase the risk of pulmonary impairment and mortality. These infections should be targeted for specific anti-viral approaches and intensified monitoring for late onset pulmonary disease.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NAT2 polymorphisms and Antituberculosis-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Thai People Living with HIV: Insights from a Pharmacogenetic-Pharmacokinetic Cohort Study.","authors":"Napon Hiranburana,Jiratchaya Sophonphan,Stephen J Kerr,Sasiwimol Ubolyam,Warat Usawakidwiree,Pattama Torvorapanit,Gompol Suwanpimolkul,Weeraya Phaisal,Pajaree Chariyavilaskul,Yong-Soon Cho,Jae-Gook Shin,Surakameth Mahasirimongkol,Anchalee Avihingsanon","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf511","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe N-Acetyltransferase (NAT2) slow acetylator phenotype has been associated with a higher risk of isoniazid (INH)-induced hepatotoxicity. We investigated the association between NAT2 genotypes with inferred acetylator status, hepatotoxicity and INH pharmacokinetics in Thai people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving INH-based Tuberculosis (TB) preventive or treatment regimens.METHODSIn this prospective cohort study of Thai PLWH initiating INH-based regimens; NAT2 genotyping classified participants as slow (SA), intermediate (IA), or rapid acetylators (RA). Hepatotoxicity was defined as transaminase elevations more than 2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). Multivariable logistic regression identified genotypes and factors associated with hepatotoxicity. A pharmacokinetic (PK) substudy assessed INH exposure across phenotypes.RESULTSOf 894 participants, 32.4% were SA, 41.2% IA, and 26.4% RA. Hepatotoxicity occurred in 10.9% overall and was highest in SA (15.2%). SA had increased hepatotoxicity risk vs RA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.43; 95%CI: 1.32-4.48). Genotypes NAT2*6A/*6A (aOR 1.84) and NAT2*7B/*7B (aOR 4.46) were associated with increased risk; NAT2*4/*4 was protective (aOR 0.33). Other independent risk factors included high baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HCV co-infection, 2HRZE/4HR regimen (vs. 1HP), and efavirenz-based antiviral therapy (vs. dolutegravir). In the PK substudy (n=93), INH exposure assessed by the area under the concentration time curve from 0-24 hours, was significantly increased by approximately 2-fold in SA, regardless of anti-TB regimen.CONCLUSIONSNAT2 SA phenotype, particularly *6A/*6A and *7B/*7B genotypes, is associated with an increased risk of antituberculosis-induced hepatotoxicity and higher INH exposure in Thai PLWH. Incorporating NAT2-guided dosing may enhance safety of INH-containing regimens in PLWH.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}