The Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"In Her Own Words: Honoring Loreen Willenberg’s Generous Contribution to Science and Humanity","authors":"Loreen Willenberg, Karine Dubé","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag237","url":null,"abstract":"Loreen Willenberg, the San Francisco patient and an exceptional HIV elite controller, reflects on a lifetime of contributions to HIV cure research, her unique immune control of HIV, and her enduring commitment to advancing science, community, and hope for a cure.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147755027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Intranasal vaccination with recombinant human adenovirus encoding the trans-sialidase gene protects mice from lethal subcutaneous and oral Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote challenges\".","authors":"Isaú Henrique Noronha,Liana Nanako Wada,Barbara Santos Rossetto,Barbara F Moraschi,Camila P Ferreira,Jociel Klleyton Santos Santana,Rafael Domingos do Valle,Luiz Carlos Gonçalo Piza Júnior,João Aristeu da Rosa,Daniela Santoro Rosa,Young Kim,Marcela Lopes,Daniel Araki Ribeiro,Ricardo T Gazinelli,Karina Bortoluci,Gustavo H G Trossini,Eduardo L V Silveira,José Ronnie C de Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag227","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe majority of new cases of Chagas' disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, have been associated with oral infection. Thus, it is reasonable that any vaccine formulation developed should elicit systemic and mucosal immunity.METHODSAntigen-specific T-, B-cell, antibody-secreting cell, IgG, IgA, cytokine and parasite DNA were assessed in Balb/c mice immunized with a recombinant adenovirus replication-deficient vector encoding the parasitic trans-sialidase (rAdTS) and challenged with T. cruzi trypomastigotes.RESULTSA 2-dose intranasal rAdTS administration (IN) protected mice from either lethal subcutaneous and oral parasitic challenges, displaying lower parasitemia and higher survival than control mice. Although intramuscular (IM) rAdTS immunization seemed more immunogenic for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IN vaccinees presented the highest responses after the parasite exposure. Oral parasitic challenge triggered differential cytokine and cytotoxic transcriptome profiles in the hearts of IM and IN vaccinees. IM and IN rAdTS vaccinations induced high TS-specific IgG and subclass titers in the serum, with predominance of IgG-secreting cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes. Only IN vaccinees produced TS-specific IgA in mucosal tissues and serum, which showed inverse correlation with parasitemia in vivo. Serum samples from the IN rAdTS vaccinees significantly inhibited parasite invasion in vitro relative to IM counterparts. In addition, IN vaccinees barely presented parasite DNA in parasite-hiding tissues upon oral parasitic challenge relative to IM counterparts.CONCLUSIONSIN rAdTS vaccination can effectively protect mice against acute Chagas disease caused by lethal distinct T. cruzi challenges providing an interesting alternative for future vaccine clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147735271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shigella Vaccines: A light at the end of a long tunnel.","authors":"Richard Walker,Robert K M Choy","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147735272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the Postpartum Trough: Closing the Clofazimine Exposure Gap After Delivery in Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis.","authors":"Ruijuan Chen,Binglin Li","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The tyrosine kinase receptor EphA2 in alveolar macrophages provides a protective role in host defense against Pneumocystis pneumonia.","authors":"Theodore J Kottom,Madeline Pellegrino,Conrad Achilonu,Kimberly E Stelzig,Andrew H Limper","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag228","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAlveolar macrophages (AMs) are central to host defense against Pneumocystis, mediating organism clearance while also contributing to lung inflammation. EphA2, a transmembrane receptor that binds fungal β-glucans, has emerged as a regulator of host-pathogen interactions, but its role in AM responses during Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is unknown.METHODSWe evaluated AM inflammatory responses to Pneumocystis β-glucans in the presence and absence of EphA2. In vivo studies used a CD4-depleted mouse model of PCP comparing wild-type and EphA2-deficient (EphA2-/-) mice. Lung cytokine responses and organism burden were assessed. Additionally, EphA2 signaling was pharmacologically inhibited using ALW-II-41-27 during trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment.RESULTSEphA2 deficiency significantly reduced AM proinflammatory cytokine responses to Pneumocystis β-glucans. In CD4-depleted PCP mice, EphA2-/- animals demonstrated decreased lung inflammatory cytokines, but increased organism burden compared to controls. Pharmacologic inhibition of EphA2 during antimicrobial therapy significantly suppressed lung inflammation.CONCLUSIONSEphA2 signaling plays a critical role in AM-mediated host defense against Pneumocystis by promoting inflammatory responses necessary for organism control. However, this pathway also contributes to lung inflammation. Targeting EphA2 may represent a novel strategy to modulate inflammation during severe PCP while preserving antimicrobial defense.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147735273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nosocomial outbreak of Lassa fever in Conakry, Guinea, 2022","authors":"Giuditta Annibaldis, Barré Soropogui, Kékoura Ifono, Jacob Camara, Mohamed Lamine Kaba, Fanta Berete, Sarah Ryter, Moussa Conde, Saa Lucien Millimono, Mette Hinrichs, Hugo Soubrier, Eugène Kolie, Nourdine Ibrahim, Bakary Sylla, Liana Eleni Kafetzopoulou, Joon Klaps, Philippe Lemey, Nils Peter Petersen, Mia Le, Emily Victoria Nelson, Kouramoudou Berete, Fodé Amara Traore, Anaïs Legand, Pierre Formenty, Fara Raymond Koundouno, Alimou Camara, Stephan Günther, Sophie Duraffour, Sanaba Boumbaly","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag229","url":null,"abstract":"Background Lassa fever (LF) is endemic in Guinea, with high seroprevalence in the forest region. However, clinical cases have been only anecdotally reported. In August 2022, a nosocomial outbreak occurred at a private clinic in the capital Conakry, an area previously considered low risk. Methods Suspected cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR within 24 hours. Viremia was monitored during hospitalization, and whole-genome sequencing was performed in-country within 13 days of outbreak detection. Outbreak investigation involved rodent testing in the home village of the suspected primary case. Results Six cases were laboratory-confirmed, five of which were healthcare workers of the clinic. The case fatality rate was 16.7%. Viral RNA remained detectable in blood of survivors for a median of 26 days (IQR 24-41) post disease onset. Epidemiological investigations identified a suspected primary case, who had died of a febrile disease compatible with Lassa fever, had contact with all secondary cases, and had a travel history from Kissidougou area. Three near-complete and one partial Lassa virus genomes were recovered from the secondary cases, which phylogenetically clustered with genomes from central Guinea. Consistent with a common transmission source, the four genomes were almost identical. Rodent testing revealed a new reservoir area in eastern-central Guinea. Discussion This outbreak highlights the vulnerability of healthcare settings in low-prevalence areas of West Africa to nosocomial Lassa virus transmission due to human mobility. Facilitated by capacity building programs for viral hemorrhagic fevers, rapid diagnosis, genomic analysis, and ecological assessment enabled an efficient outbreak response and control.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147733339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of serum antibodies as correlates of protection against norovirus infection and disease.","authors":"Savannah L Miller,W Zane Billings,Murphy John,Hayley Hemme,Robert L Atmar,David I Bernstein,Ye Shen,Amy K Winter,Katia Koelle,Benjamin A Lopman,Andreas Handel","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag190","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDNorovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis. Several vaccines are in development. Identifying a reliable immunological correlate of protection (CoP) would aid vaccine development and evaluation; however, no strong CoP has been established to date.METHODSWe evaluated the relationships between pre-challenge GI.1 and GII.4 norovirus antibodies and clinical outcomes in two human vaccine-challenge studies. One study evaluated a monovalent intranasal GI.1 vaccine, and the other evaluated a bivalent intramuscular GI.1/GII.4 vaccine. We analyzed genotype-specific histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) blocking titers, serum IgA and IgG, and total antibody ELISA (Pan-Ig). We used Bayesian logistic regression models to assess relationships between antibody levels and protection against: PCR-confirmed infection (InfProt), vomiting or diarrhea any day post-challenge (VorDProt), and protocol-defined illness (PDIProt). We used Bayesian gamma-poisson models to assess relationships between antibody levels and a modified Vesikari scoring (MVS) scale for disease severity.RESULTSAssociations between antibody titers and protection were generally weak, and varied by genotype and vaccination status. GI.1 antibodies showed the strongest relationships, particularly among vaccinated participants, whereas naturally acquired GI.1 antibodies in unvaccinated individuals were weakly or not associated with protection. In contrast, GII.4 antibodies exhibited weak and inconsistent relationships among vaccinated participants, while unvaccinated participants showed only modest and more stable positive associations.CONCLUSIONSCurrently measured serum antibodies do not provide reliable and robust estimates of protection against norovirus clinical outcomes in all settings. Immune markers beyond serum antibody titers should be evaluated to identify more robust correlates of protection for norovirus.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"324 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147726119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Treatment using Bumped Kinase Inhibitor 1708 in a Calf Clinical Model of Cryptosporidiosis.","authors":"Deborah A Schaefer,Dana P Betzer,Kevin Ackman,Elizabeth Carranza-Acevedo,Paula Grijalva,Elizabeth Miller,Karissa Pottorff,Elina Landeros Rivas,Kayode K Ojo,Matthew A Hulverson,Samuel L M Arnold,Wenlin Huang,Ryan Choi,Lynn K Barrett,Erkang Fan,Wesley C Van Voorhis,Michael W Riggs","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag217","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptosporidium parvum, an apicomplexan parasite and the causative agent of cryptosporidiosis, contributes to a high burden in mortality and morbidity for humans and livestock. Currently, there are no reliably successful parasite-specific treatments for the debilitating diarrhea associated with the infection. Bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs), which selectively target parasite calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), have been shown to decrease infections caused by several medical and veterinary-relevant parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, and Cryptosporidium parvum. In the present study, various dosing regimens of BKI-1708 were evaluated for safety and clinical efficacy in the calf model for cryptosporidiosis, specifically with the aim of finding a minimum effective dose. The majority of the different BKI dosages produced notable improvements across nearly all clinical and parasitological measures, including diarrhea severity, oocyst shedding, and overall health status. These results provide strong evidence for advancing BKI-1708 as a preclinical candidate for treatment of cryptosporidiosis.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"3 21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report on remdesivir use for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus in five allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.","authors":"Denise J McCulloch,Fareed Khawaja,Frank P Tverdek,Emily S Ford,Surabhi B Vora,Alpana Waghmare,Nancy Vuong,Roy F Chemaly,Joshua A Hill","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag213","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes substantial morbidity among hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients and lacks approved therapies. Remdesivir demonstrates antiviral activity in vitro, but data in humans are lacking. We describe 5 HCT recipients with RSV lower respiratory tract infection who were treated with remdesivir with clinical improvement.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptosporidium parvum outbreak among volunteers of a licensed wildlife rehabilitation center housing raccoons-2024.","authors":"Shanna Miko,Connie Austin,Barbara L Smith,Shatavia S Morrison,Brooke O'Connell,Jasen M Kunz","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiag212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag212","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is often associated with ruminants. We report an investigation of cryptosporidiosis among persons who had contact with raccoons. In July 2024, two states identified 18 human cryptosporidiosis cases who volunteered at the same animal facility. One human specimen and two raccoon specimens tested positive for C. parvum. Molecular subtyping of the C. parvum (subtype IIaA15G2R1) suggested zoonotic transmission between raccoons, humans, or their shared environments. These findings can inform public health actions, developed in collaboration with specific populations (e.g., wildlife rehabilitation facilities) and include interventions tailored to such settings to mitigate future outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"283 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}