The Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Residual risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother-to-child transmission and gaps in HBV care cascades among pregnant women in The Gambia: the INFANT-B study","authors":"Gibril Ndow, Rohey Bangura, Erwan Vo-Quang, Fatoumata Touray, Abdoulie Jatta, Jainaba Barry, Isatou Mahmoud, Sulayman Bah, Fatou Bintou Nyassi, Amie Ceesay, Queen Bola-Lawal, Alhagie B Touray, Sainabou Drammeh, Hawa Cham, Lamin Bojang, Gavin Cloherty, Gora Lo, Mustapha Bittaye, Sheriff Badjie, Coumba Toure-Kane, Umberto D’Alessandro, Yusuke Shimakawa, Maud Lemoine","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf214","url":null,"abstract":"Background Elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is not achievable without prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). In its 2024 guidelines, the WHO guidelines identified major research gaps on HBV MTCT in Africa. Aims Following the implementation of an antenatal HBV screening in The Gambia, we estimated the rate of HBV MTCT and the peripartum care cascade among pregnant women. Methods multicentre, non-randomised interventional study in Gambian antenatal clinics. Following mass and individual sensitisation, consecutive pregnant women were offered HBV testing and blood collection for further retrospective HBV MTCT risk assessment. HBsAg-positive mothers and their babies were prospectively followed up to 6-9 months post-partum. The primary endpoint was the rate of HBV MTCT defined by the proportion of HBsAg-positive babies. Results Between 2019 and 2022, 9,697/9,708 (99.9%) pregnant women accepted HBV screening; 449/9,697 tested positive (HBsAg prevalence:4.6% (95%CI:4.2-5.1)). Among 428 traceable live births, 216 (49.6%) babies were successfully tested for HBV; 6/216 were positive giving a 2.8% rate of MTCT (1.1-6.2). Major gaps in the HBV prevention and care services were identified: 64% of newborns did not receive HBV birth-dose vaccine, 25% of HBsAg-positive pregnant women refused to give blood for further risk stratification, and 62% were not linked to care after delivery. A small proportion (<2%) of women were eligible for postpartum treatment according to the 2017 EASL and 2024 WHO guidelines. Conclusion In The Gambia, the residual risk of HBV MTCT exceeds the elimination absolute target. Strategies to improve the peripartum and post-partum HBV care cascade are urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' reply to Herpes zoster vaccine and cardiovascular disease risk.","authors":"Xinyi Xu,Isabel Ray,Emily Tang,Benjamin F Arnold,Nisha R Acharya","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpes zoster vaccine and cardiovascular disease risk.","authors":"Shih-Wei Lai,Kuan-Fu Liao","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring RSV transmission patterns in different age groups in the United States","authors":"Ke Li, Virginia E Pitzer, Daniel M Weinberger","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf230","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a significant public health concern for pediatric populations and older adults, with seasonal winter outbreaks in the United States (US). Little is known about the timing of RSV epidemics across age groups and the relative contribution of within-group and between-group transmission of RSV in each age group. In this study, we analyzed RSV timing and transmission across age groups in 12 states from 2018 to 2024. We found that children under 5 had the earliest epidemic peaks; the elderly had the latest. An age-structured time series model showed >50% of hospitalizations in several age groups were due to between-group transmission, except in the elderly (above 65 years), where within-group spread dominated. Our findings indicate that distinct age groups play unique roles in propagating RSV epidemics in the US, with age-specific transmission patterns that can guide more effective RSV vaccination policies.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampicin in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Adults With Tuberculosis Meningitis.","authors":"Noha Abdelgawad,Sean Wasserman,Kamunkhwala Gausi,Angharad Davis,Cari Stek,Lubbe Wiesner,Graeme Meintjes,Robert J Wilkinson,Paolo Denti","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf178","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDSeveral ongoing clinical trials are evaluating high-dose rifampicin (up to 35 mg/kg) for tuberculous meningitis (TBM). However, rifampicin pharmacokinetics at higher doses is not fully characterized, particularly in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the site of TBM disease.METHODSIn a randomized controlled trial, adults with HIV-associated TBM were assigned to experimental arms of high-dose rifampicin (oral, 35 mg/kg; intravenous, 20 mg/kg) plus linezolid, with or without aspirin, or a control arm that received the standard of care with 10 mg/kg of oral rifampicin. Rifampicin concentrations, including the unbound fraction, were measured on plasma samples, and CSF was collected on days 3 and 28 of study enrollment. Data were analyzed by nonlinear mixed effects modeling.RESULTSIn total, 400 plasma and 44 CSF rifampicin concentrations from 48 participants were used for model development. The median (range) age and weight were 39 years (25-78) and 60 kg (30-107). Rifampicin pharmacokinetics was best described by a 2-compartment disposition model with first-order transit oral absorption and elimination via saturable hepatic extraction. Typical clearance values for the standard dose for days 3 and 28 were 33.1 and 41.4 L/h, respectively; high-dose values were 46.1 and 70.2 L/h. The CSF-plasma ratio was approximately 6% and the equilibration half-life was 3.2 hours. Simulated standard-dose rifampicin did not reach CSF concentrations above the critical concentration for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.CONCLUSIONSCSF penetration with standard-dose rifampicin is low. Our findings support continued evaluation of high-dose rifampicin for TBM treatment.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses After Boosting With a Bivalent Messenger RNA Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine.","authors":"Robert L Atmar,Kirsten E Lyke,Christine M Posavad,Meagan E Deming,Rebecca C Brady,David Dobrzynski,Srilatha Edupuganti,Mark J Mulligan,Richard E Rupp,Christina A Rostad,Lisa A Jackson,Judith M Martin,Mallory C Shriver,Kumaravel Rajakumar,Rhea N Coler,Hana M El Sahly,Angelica C Kottkamp,Angela R Branche,Robert W Frenck,Christine Johnston,Tara M Babu,Martín Bäcker,Janet I Archer,Sonja Crandon,Aya Nakamura,Seema U Nayak,Daniel Szydlo,Clara P Dominguez Islas,Elizabeth R Brown,Sarah E O'Connell,David C Montefiori,Amanda Eaton,Kathleen M Neuzil,David S Stephens,John H Beigel,Marcela Pasetti,Paul C Roberts","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf176","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDMucosal immunity plays a critical role in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and replication. Understanding the capacity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines to elicit both mucosal and systemic antibodies could help optimize vaccination strategies.METHODSWe conducted an open-label, phase 1/2 adaptive-design clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 immunizations. Healthy adults received 2 priming doses of mRNA-1273, a booster dose of mRNA-1273, and a second booster of bivalent (WA-1 and BA.4/BA.5) mRNA-1273.222. Adverse event data were collected. Serum and mucosal immunity were evaluated.RESULTSOne hundred six persons were enrolled. Thirty received all 4 study-related vaccine doses. All vaccines were well tolerated, with injection site pain, malaise, myalgias, and headache being the most frequently reported symptoms. Among those who received a second booster, 24 of 30 (80%) had serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Following the second booster, increases in geometric mean binding and pseudovirus neutralization antibody titers to the ancestral strain and BA.1 and BA.5 variants were observed. Increases in mucosal immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in nasal and salivary samples were observed in both previously infected and infection-naive participants, although prior infection markedly boosted virus-specific mucosal IgA responses.CONCLUSIONSThe mRNA-1273.222 booster vaccine was safe and immunogenic and induced mucosal antibody responses in previously infected and infection-naive persons.CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATIONNCT04889209.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferon Gamma Stimulation Fails to Restrict Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth in Human Monocyte-derived and Alveolar Macrophages","authors":"Mark C Fernandez, Glenna J Peterson, Chris Le, Shawn J Skerrett, Thomas R Hawn","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf220","url":null,"abstract":"We examined whether IFNG restricts Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth in human macrophages across a range of conditions and methods. We observed an IFNG-dependent enhancement of bacterial replication in MCSF-differentiated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs, 4.84 x 105 CFU IFNG stimulated versus 2.48 x 105 CFU untreated, P < 0.001) with four Mtb strains. Mtb replication was not restricted by IFNG treatment of alveolar macrophages. In agreement with previous studies, IFNG-stimulated murine bone marrow derived macrophages effectively restricted Mtb replication. These data suggest that Mtb resists IFNG-stimulated immunity within human macrophages with implications for distinct host species immune responses.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric acute respiratory virus hospitalizations: A population-based cohort study, 2017-2024","authors":"Tiffany Fitzpatrick, Sarah A Buchan, Sanjay Mahant, Longdi Fu, Jeffrey C Kwong, Therese A Stukel, Astrid Guttmann","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf212","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives COVID-19 mitigation measures resulted in widespread disruptions to seasonal respiratory viruses. The objective of this study was to compare observed and expected pediatric viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) related hospitalizations, and the characteristics of admitted children, post-pandemic onset. Methods Total and virus-specific ARI-related hospitalization rates were determined using a population-based cohort of all youth <18 years in Ontario, Canada between July 1, 2017 and June 30, 2024. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were identified from linked administrative data. Expected weekly post-pandemic age-and-sex-specific admission rates were estimated using Poisson regression; adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results This cohort included ∼2.7 million youth per year. There was a sharp reduction in ARIs in 2020/21, followed by a moderate return in 2021/22; however, influenza remained mostly absent (n=168). 2022/23 was marked by an out-of-season persistence and overwhelming ARI burden, particularly for RSV (n=4,701 admissions versus 1,969-2,357 pre-pandemic) and human metapneumovirus (n=377 versus 93-127). Overall, more older children (mean age: 38.9-42.8 versus 37.2-37.9 months pre-pandemic) and fewer males were admitted post-pandemic for ARIs; males were the only group with lower-than-expected 2022/23 admissions (RR:0.64, 95%CI: 0.59-0.71 for all ARIs). COVID-19-related admissions contributed minimally to ARI-related hospitalizations overall, particularly among <5-year-olds. Pre-pandemic seasonality appears to nearly have resumed in 2023/24. Conclusions Post-pandemic disruptions in multiple viral ARIs substantially influenced the intensity, timing, and characteristics of children seeking healthcare. Although 2023/24 was more typical, it is not yet clear when – or if – pre-pandemic ARI seasonality and epidemiology will resume.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating nosocomial BKPyV (BK Polyomavirus) infections in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: challenges and prospects","authors":"Aurélien Aubry, Marie-Laure Nere, Sarah Timsit, Charlotte Calvo, Jean-Hugues Dalle, Julien Gras, Clotilde Chaix, Maud Gits-Muselli, Constance Delaugerre, Jérôme LeGoff, Maud Salmona","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf215","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The modes of transmission of BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) remain incompletely understood. BKPyV infections can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Hospitalization in a pediatric hematology unit may represent initial exposure to BKPyV due to the high rate of viral shedding among hematology patients. This study explores the potential for nosocomial transmission of BKPyV within a hematology department. Materials and Methods Epidemiologic investigation and BKPyV genome phylogenetic analyses were conducted among individuals with BKPyV DNAuria and/or DNAemia over a three-year period in a pediatric hematology unit. Results From November 2019 to December 2022, BKPyV DNA was detected in the urine or plasma of 34 out of 173 HSCT children. An unusually high prevalence of genotype Ia BKPyV was observed in 2021, suggesting possible patient-to-patient transmission. However, despite closely related sequences, they clustered with several GenBank entries, complicating phylogenetic linkage determination. Genetic signature analysis also did not link these sequences to specific patient clinical profiles. Discussion This study highlights the complexity of establishing nosocomial transmission of BKPyV, even with viral sequence analyses. Future prospective studies should include Non-Coding Control Region (NCCR) analysis, serological data, and environmental factors to enhance understanding of BKPyV transmission routes.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a procedure for prion surveillance in the laboratory setting","authors":"Damian Gorski, Isaac Schauer, Kane Spicker, Ananya Tupaki-Sreepurna, Fei Wang, Claudio Soto, Sandra Pritzkow","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf205","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious prions readily adhere to common surfaces, retain infectivity and are highly resistant to conventional decontamination, posing significant biosafety challenges in the medical and research environments. Recent occupational exposures underscore the urgency of improving safety measures. Here, we describe an approach combining foam-swab surface sampling and Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA) to enhance prion surveillance. Our results demonstrate the ability to detect prions most relevant to human health directly from contaminated surfaces, even at 100 million-fold dilutions of the brain. We applied our method to assess the completeness of prion decontamination and show that high prion quantities can resist even approved inactivation methods. Finally, we applied our method in two real-world scenarios including the decommissioning and repurposing of a prion research facility and the active surveillance of residual prion contamination in an operational laboratory. Our methodology offers a robust and efficient tool for detecting residual prion contamination, enhancing laboratory safety.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}