The Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Low levels of post-vaccination hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and their correlation with influenza protection among healthcare workers during the 2024/2025 A/H1N1 outbreak in Japan","authors":"Shohei Yamamoto, Tetsuya Mizoue, Mugen Ujiie, Kumi Horii, Junko S Takeuchi, Maki Konishi, Wataru Sugiura, Norio Ohmagari","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf183","url":null,"abstract":"Background After the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, during which the seasonal influenza epidemic was suppressed, Japan experienced a record-breaking influenza A/H1N1 outbreak in the 2024/2025 season. This situation also raises a concern about the immunogenicity of the annual inactivated influenza vaccine. This study evaluated post-vaccination hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers and their association with influenza infection risk among healthcare workers. Methods A serosurvey was conducted among staff at a national medical and research center in Tokyo in December 2024, one month after staff received the inactivated influenza vaccine. HI antibody titers against vaccine strains were measured, and participants were followed for influenza infection until January 2025. Seroprotection was defined as an HI titer ≥40. A Cox proportional hazards model assessed the association between HI titers and infection risk among vaccinated participants. Results Among 1,507 vaccinated participants, only 12.7% had seroprotective HI titers against A/H1N1. Around 90% had no influenza history for at least four seasons and had received repeated vaccinations over two seasons. Participants with HI titers <40 had a 4-fold higher infection risk than those with titers ≥40. A dose-response association was observed, even within the range below the titer of 40. Relative to titers <10, titers of 10 and 20 conferred 47.3% and 57.9% protection, respectively. Conclusions After a prolonged period without a major influenza epidemic, HI titers against A/H1N1 were extremely low in vaccinated healthcare workers. Nonetheless, higher post-vaccination HI titers, even at relatively low levels, were associated with protection, supporting the benefit of vaccines.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory CD11c+ B Cells Induced by the TREM2 Signal Accelerate Sepsis Development.","authors":"Siqi Ming,Zhenxing Chen,Jingwen Yang,Jiao Liu,Xi Liu,Lunhao Yang,Zhaofeng Tan,Haibo Zhou,Yongjian Wu,Xi Huang","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf112","url":null,"abstract":"CD11c+ B cells are an age-associated subset emerging in infections and autoimmune diseases. However, their role in sepsis is poorly clarified. This study identified a class of CD11c+ B cells with a proinflammatory phenotype that is expended in septic patients and mice. Notably, the transfer of these cells accelerates sepsis-induced lung injury and death in mice. Furthermore, the CD11c+ B cells were induced by the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) signal, which promotes their generation via the interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) pathway. Moreover, TREM2 directly participates in sepsis regulation mediated by CD11c+ B cells. This study reveals the proinflammatory role of CD11c+ B cells in sepsis and identifies TREM2 as a contributing factor in CD11c+ B-cell-mediated inflammatory injury during sepsis.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143819056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ancient Epstein-Barr virus genome recovered from a museum penis gourd from Papua","authors":"Augias Anaïs, Ponce-Soto Gabriel Yaxal, Chimènes Amélie, Charlier Philippe, Rascovan Nicolás","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf189","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient DNA provides a unique opportunity to study the history and spread of infectious diseases. Here, we analyzed 21 samples from a collection of 20th-century penis gourds (koteka) from Papua New Guinea housed at the Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac in Paris. Despite the presence of environmental species, we identified human-associated bacteria and, notably, an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) genome at high coverage. Phylogenetic analysis placed this strain within a Papua New Guinea–Indonesian cluster. These findings highlight museum collections as valuable reservoirs of genetic data, offering historical insights into the evolution and spread of human pathogens.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of dog serologic data for improved understanding of coccidioidomycosis: A One Health approach","authors":"Jane E Sykes, Simon K Camponuri, Amanda K Weaver, George R Thompson, Justin V Remais","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf184","url":null,"abstract":"Background Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) occurs when animals and humans inhale spores of Coccidioides spp., soil-dwelling fungi of the southwestern United States. The spatial epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis is poorly understood due to irregular detection of Coccidioides in soil, disease underdiagnosis, and lack of nationwide mandatory reporting. Data on seroreactivity to Coccidioides among dogs—which are highly susceptible to coccidioidomycosis, widespread across the U.S, and have limited travel—may strengthen our understanding human disease risk. Methods We analyzed serologic test results for 834,899 dogs between 2012-2022 from all known diagnostic laboratories conducting serologic testing for anti-Coccidioides antibodies in dogs in the United States. We used testing date and county-level location data to estimate spatial and temporal trends in incidence and test positivity for dogs and compared them to human surveillance data. Results The overall seropositivity rate among tested dogs was 37.6% (313,829/834,899)­. Average test positivity rates in states with ≥ 0.5 tests/annum/10,000 households were 35.4% (Texas) to 74.1% (Montana). For these states, average annual incidence/10,000 households was: Arizona (87.8), New Mexico (0.89), Nevada (0.79), California (0.75), Montana (0.63), Colorado (0.41), Oregon (0.41), Texas (0.38), Idaho (0.37), Wyoming (0.34), Utah (0.32), and Washington (0.26). Human incidence in California and Arizona between 2012–2022 was significantly correlated with dog incidence (ρ = 0.75 and ρ = 0.65, respectively). The distribution of seropositive dogs expanded from 76/3,144 counties (2.4%) in 2012 to 390 in 2022 (12.4%). Conclusions Further investment in human diagnostic infrastructure and provider knowledge may ameliorate significant under-recognition of this emerging fungal disease.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Bite to Brain: Arboviral Neuropathogenesis","authors":"Anne Piantadosi, Alyssa B Evans","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf182","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropathogenic arboviruses cause a substantial burden of human disease throughout the world. However, diagnosing and treating arboviral neurological disease remains difficult, largely due to the similar clinical presentation of many neuropathogenic arboviruses, a lack of quick and specific diagnostic assays for many viruses, and limited knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis of these viruses. These limitations pose great challenges to the treatment of neuropathogenic arboviral disease. This is likely to become an even greater problem as the arthropod vectors for these viruses expand into new geographic regions due to climate change, possibly leading to new and larger outbreaks. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms of pathogenesis for the genetically diverse neuropathogenic arboviruses endemic to the U.S., as well as their epidemiology, clinical presentations, and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B–Associated Hospitalizations—United States, September 1, 2023–May 31, 2024","authors":"Nathaniel M Lewis, Elizabeth J Harker, Seana Cleary, Yuwei Zhu, Carlos G Grijalva, James D Chappell, Jillian P Rhoads, Adrienne Baughman, Jonathan D Casey, Paul W Blair, Ian D Jones, Cassandra A Johnson, Natasha B Halasa, Adam S Lauring, Emily T Martin, Manju Gaglani, Shekhar Ghamande, Cristie Columbus, Jay S Steingrub, Abhijit Duggal, Jamie R Felzer, Matthew E Prekker, Ithan D Peltan, Samuel M Brown, David N Hager, Michelle N Gong, Amira Mohamed, Matthew C Exline, Akram Khan, Samantha A N Ferguson, Jarrod Mosier, Nida Qadir, Steven Y Chang, Adit A Ginde, Anne Zepeski, Christopher Mallow, Estelle S Harris, Nicholas J Johnson, Kevin W Gibbs, Jennie H Kwon, Ivana A Vaughn, Mayur Ramesh, Basmah Safdar, Diya Surie, Fatimah S Dawood, Sascha Ellington, Wesley H Self","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf185","url":null,"abstract":"Background The 2023–2024 influenza season included sustained elevated activity from December 2023–February 2024 and continued activity through May 2024. Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B viruses circulated during the season. Methods During September 1, 2023–May 31, 2024, a multistate sentinel surveillance network of 24 medical centers in 20 U.S. states enrolled adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness (ARI). Consistent with a test-negative design, cases tested positive for influenza viruses by molecular or antigen test, and controls tested negative for influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza–associated hospitalization was calculated as (1 − adjusted odds ratio for vaccination) × 100%. Results Among 7690 patients, including 1170 influenza cases (33% vaccinated) and 6520 controls, VE was 40% (95% CI: 31%–48%) with varying estimates by age (18–49 years: 53% [34%–67%]; 50–64 years: 47% [31%–60%]; ≥65 years: 31% [16%–43%]). Protection was similar among immunocompetent patients (40% [30%–49%]) and immunocompromised patients (32% [7–50%]). VE was statistically significant against influenza B (67% [35%–84%]) and A(H1N1) (36% [21%–48%]) and crossed the null against A(H3N2) (19% [-8%–39%]). VE was higher for patients 14–60 days from vaccination (54% [40%–65%]) than >120 days (18% [-1%–33%]). Conclusions During 2023–2024, influenza vaccination reduced the risk of influenza A(H1N1)– and influenza B–associated hospitalizations among adults; effectiveness was lower in patients vaccinated >120 days prior to illness onset compared with those vaccinated 14–60 days prior.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of pre-existing coronavirus antibodies on SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes in exposed household members","authors":"Ilse Westerhof, Reina Sikkema, Ganna Rozhnova, Janko van Beek, Marion Koopmans, Patricia Bruijning-Verhagen","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf172","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Rationale We investigated the effect of pre-existing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal human coronaviruses on infection outcomes in Omicron BA1/2 exposed household members from January to March 2022. Methods Data from a prospective household study in the Netherlands were used including 63 households with 195 household members exposed to a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA1/2 index case. The protocol included repeated nose-throat swab and saliva RT-PCR testing, paired serology, and self-reported daily symptom scoring by household members. Infection outcomes included the occurrence of secondary infections, symptom burden, and CT-value trajectories. We studied the effect of baseline binding antibody levels for SARS-CoVs and seasonal coronaviruses (hCoV) NL63, 229E, HKU1 and OC43 spike protein, on SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. Results 132 of 195 (68%) exposed household members developed a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among exposed household members, higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 at baseline were associated with a reduced risk of secondary infection (adjusted Odds ratio 0.73; 95% Confidence interval 0.55-0.99). No significant differences between antibody levels and symptom burden or CT-value trajectories were observed. Conclusions Our study suggests that prior SARS-CoV-2 antibodies provide some protection against Omicron BA.1/BA.2 infection, while effects on symptom burden or CT-value could not be demonstrated. The results highlight the relatively limited, but not negligible role of cross-protective antibodies, especially when facing immune escape variants of SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles seroprevalence in infants under nine months of age in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Darren Suryawijaya Ong, Claire von Mollendorf, Kim Mulholland, Lien Anh Ha Do","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf177","url":null,"abstract":"Background Measles infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially infants under nine months. Measles seroprevalence data in infants too young to be vaccinated can identify immunity gaps to inform immunisation strategies. Our systematic review and meta-analysis describes measles seroprevalence in infants <9 months in LMICs. Methods We systematically searched journal articles and conference abstracts from 1 January 2018 to 25 December 2024 across 10 databases and registers (PROSPERO: CRD42023429586). We included observational studies presenting measles antibody seroprevalence data from infants <9 months in LMICs. Studies underwent dual reviewer screening and risk of bias was assessed using an adapted Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Seropositivity estimates were pooled using a random-effects inverse variance model. We performed subgroup analyses by country income level, measles vaccine coverage and measles incidence. Results Among 1421 studies identified, 34 were included. Most studies were from middle-income countries (n=30/34) using hospital/health-centre data (n=22/34). Risk of bias was generally low or moderate (n=33/34). The meta-analysis included 20 studies (N=8230 infants) with high inter-study heterogeneity. Pooled seropositivity was highest at birth (81%, 95% CI: 75-88), decreasing to 30% (95% CI: 24-35) by four months, and lowest at seven months (18%, 95% CI: 0-41). Subgroup analyses showed minimal differences between categories. Conclusions Seventy percent of infants are seronegative by four months old and unprotected from measles before their first vaccine dose at 9-12 months. Early administration of measles-containing vaccines could provide sustained protection throughout infancy.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Dengue Virus Antibody Avidity Correlates with Protection Against Symptomatic Dengue Virus Infection","authors":"Isamu Tsuji, David Dominguez, Jonathan Hernandez, Eloi Kpamegan, José Victor Zambrana, Angel Balmaseda, Hansi Dean, Mayuri Sharma, Eva Harris","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf171","url":null,"abstract":"Antibody avidity is indicative of antibody affinity maturation following virus infection or vaccination. To determine correlation between preexisting anti-dengue virus (DENV) antibody avidity and secondary DENV exposure outcomes, we assessed anti-DENV antibody avidity, represented as avidity index (antibody response/dissociation rate) in sera of Nicaraguan Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study participants prior to symptomatic or inapparent secondary DENV infections. The avidity index was significantly higher in participants who subsequently developed inapparent versus symptomatic infections. Risk factor analysis suggested that odds of inapparent DENV infection increase as avidity index increases. Antibody avidity index is an important parameter for characterizing protective DENV immune responses.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness, safety, and pharmacokinetics of linezolid in pediatric bacterial central nervous system infections","authors":"Lvchang Zhu, Xinxin Zeng, Yi Shi, Yuhang Wu, Xiaoshan Zhang, Shanshan Xu, Xuben Yu, Lisu Huang","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiaf169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaf169","url":null,"abstract":"Background Linezolid shows therapeutic potential for pediatric gram-positive bacterial central nervous system infections (CNSIs). However, its efficacy, safety profile, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics require detailed evaluation. Methods This prospective two-center observational study enrolled children with confirmed or suspected gram-positive CNSIs. Clinical outcomes and adverse events were compared between linezolid-treated patients and a matched vancomycin cohort. Population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling with nonlinear mixed-effects analysis quantified linezolid exposure in plasma and CSF. Results Among 45 matched pediatric CNSIs patients per group, linezolid demonstrated a 91.1% clinical response rate and 68.9% cure rate (vancomycin cure rate: 68.9%). ‌However, non-inferiority to vancomycin was not established‌ for the primary endpoint, possibly influenced by intergroup baseline variability and extended treatment duration. Adverse events occurred more frequently with linezolid, including gastrointestinal (48.9% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.02) and hematologic effects (73.3% vs. 53.3%, p = 0.05). Plasma trough concentrations > 7 µg/mL were correlated with elevated risk of leukopenia and neutropenia (odds ratio [OR] 9.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–72.6; and OR 40.2, 95% CI 2.15–748.50). However, no treatment discontinuations occurred due to adverse events. The PopPK model analyzed 135 linezolid concentrations (90 plasma/45 CSF), identifying body weight as the primary covariate influencing distribution. Plasma and CSF trough concentrations showed a strong correlation (r = 0.87, 95% CI 0.75–0.98). Conclusions Linezolid demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy and tolerability in pediatric CNSIs, with CSF concentrations ‌that correlated with plasma levels‌ and ‌exhibited predictable pharmacokinetics‌.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}