Carmine de Franco, Johann Nicolle, Lan-Anh Tran, Alain Demarolle
{"title":"Practical Applications of Corporate Governance and Its Impact on Equity Performance","authors":"Carmine de Franco, Johann Nicolle, Lan-Anh Tran, Alain Demarolle","doi":"10.3905/pa.2023.pa574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3905/pa.2023.pa574","url":null,"abstract":"In <ext-link><bold><italic>Corporate Governance and Its Impact on Equity Performance</italic></bold></ext-link>, from the Spring 2023 issue of <bold><italic>The Journal of Impact and ESG Investing</italic></bold>, <bold>Carmine de Franco</bold>, <bold>Johann Nicolle</bold>, and <bold>Lan-Anh Tran</bold> of <bold>Ossiam</bold>, and <bold>Alain Demarolle</bold> of <bold>Proxinvest</bold> find that equity performance is positively affected by three key corporate governance attributes: board composition, CEO compensation, and equity capital structures that include super-voting shares. Positive elements for board composition include 1) diverse backgrounds, 2) small number of directors, 3) demonstrated director independence, 4) long tenure of directors, 5) shorter terms for directors, and 6) low to moderate director compensation. Positive elements for CEO compensation include 1) a high proportion of CEO compensation in the form of base salary and 2) a relatively low cap on CEO bonuses. The authors analyzed companies from developed European countries covering the period January 2017 to December 2021. The authors concluded that investors would profit by incorporating corporate governance considerations in their investment strategies.","PeriodicalId":500434,"journal":{"name":"Practical applications of institutional investor journals","volume":"76 s1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical Applications of The Shrinkage-Adjusted Sharpe Ratio: An Improved Method for Mutual Fund Selection","authors":"Moshe Levy, Richard Roll","doi":"10.3905/pa.2023.pa573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3905/pa.2023.pa573","url":null,"abstract":"In <ext-link><bold><italic>The Shrinkage-Adjusted Sharpe Ratio: An Improved Method for Mutual Fund Selection</italic></bold></ext-link>, from the February 2023 issue of <bold><italic>The Journal of Investing</italic></bold>, <bold>Moshe Levy</bold> of <bold>Hebrew University</bold> and <bold>Richard Roll</bold> of <bold>Caltech</bold> introduce a metric for predicting US equity mutual fund performance that significantly outperforms the simple Shape ratio. They call their metric the “shrinkage-adjusted Sharpe ratio” (SAS) because it uses two adjustment factors to shrink past performance measures (e.g., average returns of an individual fund) toward their cross-sectional means (i.e., toward the average return of all funds). The adjustment factors apply to a fund’s gross returns but not to its fees. The authors assert that using the SAS rather than a simple Sharpe ratio as a basis for US equity mutual fund selection boosts risk-adjusted returns by roughly 1.1% per annum. The authors apply SAS to different asset classes (foreign equity and fixed-income funds) and time periods. They find that the performance is robust across both.","PeriodicalId":500434,"journal":{"name":"Practical applications of institutional investor journals","volume":"45 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical Applications of How Does the Fed Make Decisions: A Machine Learning Augmented Taylor Rule","authors":"Boyu Wu, Amina Enkhbold, Asawari Sathe, Qian Wang","doi":"10.3905/pa.2023.pa572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3905/pa.2023.pa572","url":null,"abstract":"In <ext-link><bold><italic>How Does the Fed Make Decisions: A Machine Learning Augmented Taylor Rule</italic></bold></ext-link>, published in the Winter 2023 issue of <bold><italic>The Journal of Fixed Income</italic></bold>, authors <bold>Boyu Wu</bold>, <bold>Asawari Sathe</bold>, and <bold>Qian Wang</bold> of <bold>Vanguard</bold> and <bold>Amina Enkhbold</bold> of the <bold>Bank of Canada</bold> introduce a new four-factor, computer-learning model to predict the federal funds rate set by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The authors argue that their four-factor model, which considers inflation, labor market conditions, US financial market conditions, and commodity prices (as a proxy for global conditions), outperforms the Taylor rule for predicting the actions of the FOMC.","PeriodicalId":500434,"journal":{"name":"Practical applications of institutional investor journals","volume":"42 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical Applications of Portfolio Tilts Using Views on Macroeconomic Regimes","authors":"Redouane Elkamhi, Jacky S. H. Lee, Marco Salerno","doi":"10.3905/pa.2023.pa571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3905/pa.2023.pa571","url":null,"abstract":"In <ext-link><bold><italic>Portfolio Tilts Using Views on Macroeconomic Regimes</italic></bold></ext-link>, from the February 2023 issue of <bold><italic>The Journal of Portfolio Management</italic></bold>, <bold>Redouane Elkamhi</bold>, of the <bold>University of Toronto</bold>, and <bold>Jacky S. H. Lee</bold> and <bold>Marco Salerno</bold>, both of the <bold>Healthcare of Ontario Pension Plan Trust Fund</bold>, develop and illustrate an approach for enhancing investment decisions by incorporating investor views on the likelihood of economic regimes. This contrasts with the literature incorporating investor views on specific asset returns and the covariances among returns on different assets. The authors assert that their approach outperforms others that require investors to have views on specific asset returns. Additionally, it is easier to apply because it is more likely that an investor will have views about the likelihood of different macroeconomic regimes than about the expected performance of many different assets.","PeriodicalId":500434,"journal":{"name":"Practical applications of institutional investor journals","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical Applications of Value for Equity Index Options: Expected—Not Realized—Volatility and the Distribution of Forecasts","authors":"J. Benson Durham","doi":"10.3905/pa.2023.pa570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3905/pa.2023.pa570","url":null,"abstract":"In <ext-link><bold><italic>Value for Equity Index Options: Expected—Not Realized—Volatility and the Distribution of Forecasts</italic></bold></ext-link>, from the November 2022 issue of <bold><italic>The Journal of Portfolio Management</italic></bold>, <bold>J. Benson Durham</bold> of <bold>Piper Sandler</bold> demonstrates that anticipated rather than “realized” volatility is more useful for option traders and other investors who must assess the levels of risk and fear in option markets. Durham estimates expected volatility and the distribution around volatility forecasts using six generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. GARCH is a statistical approach that analyzes time-series data to estimate the amount of volatility and the changes in volatility over time, as opposed to common measures based on arbitrarily chosen rolling windows or asset returns. Durham argues that using multiple GARCH models gives practitioners a better, forward-looking estimate of implied volatility, the key input in option pricing models. Durham offers investment practitioners an alternative method for determining the value of at-the-money equity options. His approach departs from the traditional, backward-looking volatility inputs commonly used in option models. Further, he explains that implied volatility embeds not only expected volatility, but also a risk premium for variation in volatility. He underscores the importance of incorporating forward-looking instead of historical inputs for equity option valuation because all asset prices reflect expectations for the future, not the past.","PeriodicalId":500434,"journal":{"name":"Practical applications of institutional investor journals","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136097991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical Applications of A National Balance Sheet Approach to the Natural Rate of Interest","authors":"Robert S. Goldberg, Mariano Torras","doi":"10.3905/pa.2023.pa586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3905/pa.2023.pa586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":500434,"journal":{"name":"Practical applications of institutional investor journals","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical Applications of Time to Retire: The 4% Withdrawal Rule","authors":"Rob Brown","doi":"10.3905/pa.2023.pa585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3905/pa.2023.pa585","url":null,"abstract":"In <ext-link><bold><italic>Time to Retire: The 4% Withdrawal Rule</italic></bold></ext-link>, from the July 2023 issue of <bold><italic>The Journal of Investing</italic>, Rob Brown</bold> of <bold>Integrated Financial Partners</bold> finds that a dynamic withdrawal rule with a floor consistently beats constant withdrawal rules (e.g., the 4% rule) in optimizing both standard of living and financial security for retirees. Brown finds that the optimal rule for a 35-year retirement horizon is a monthly withdrawal equal to a varying fraction of a retiree’s portfolio. The fraction starts at 1/393 and then increases monthly when there are 392 months remaining in the retirement horizon: the divisor (denominator) becomes 392 and increases by 1 each following month. Monthly withdrawals are subject to a floor of 0.307% of the initial portfolio. Additionally, 100% of the portfolio is invested in stocks. Risk mitigation by time diversification makes the inclusion of bonds or precious metals unnecessary and suboptimal.","PeriodicalId":500434,"journal":{"name":"Practical applications of institutional investor journals","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical Applications of Machine Learning for Econometricians: The Readme Manual","authors":"Marcos López de Prado","doi":"10.3905/pa.2023.pa569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3905/pa.2023.pa569","url":null,"abstract":"In <ext-link><bold><italic>Machine Learning for Econometricians: The Readme Manual</italic></bold></ext-link>, from the Summer 2022 issue of <bold><italic>The Journal of Financial Data Science</italic></bold>, <bold>Marcos López de Prado</bold>, of <bold>Cornell University</bold> and the <bold>Abu Dhabi Investment Authority</bold>, concisely covers many machine learning (ML) techniques and links them to analogous steps in the econometric research process: goal setting, outlier detection, visualization, feature extraction, regression, classification, feature importance, model selection, and validation. It is a must-read for econometricians who want to utilize increasingly available “big data” and the algorithms designed to process it. Econometricians should not be deterred by notions of ML as a black box. López de Prado explains that there are several methods for interpreting model results. ML consists of powerful techniques that can enrich our understanding of complex relationships that relatively simple traditional econometric methods cannot grasp. He does not imply that ML should replace econometrics but rather that it complements traditional methods of analysis. Furthermore, he notes that ignoring economic theory can result in poorly designed research studies and false discoveries. Importantly, he makes a strong case for econometricians to modernize their quantitative toolbox, and he offers a roadmap for updating their tools and improving their research skills.","PeriodicalId":500434,"journal":{"name":"Practical applications of institutional investor journals","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136308860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical Applications of Mission Impossible: Foundation Investment Policy in the Post-COVID World","authors":"Michael W. Crook","doi":"10.3905/pa.2023.pa568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3905/pa.2023.pa568","url":null,"abstract":"In <ext-link><bold><italic>Mission Impossible: Foundation Investment Policy in the Post-COVID World</italic></bold></ext-link>, from the February 2023 issue of <bold><italic>The Journal of Investing</italic></bold>, <bold>Michael Crook</bold> of <bold>Mill Creek Capital Advisors</bold> warns that there are no riskless spending policies available to foundations that intend to operate in perpetuity. Crook suggests that foundations, apart from increasing their allocations to risky assets, also consider the obvious solution of lowering spending rates—though he acknowledges that the required 5% annual spending rate for private foundations can be a significant challenge. Additionally, he cautions against simply relying on the average outcomes of Monte Carlo simulations without considering the range and distribution of simulation results.","PeriodicalId":500434,"journal":{"name":"Practical applications of institutional investor journals","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michele Aghassi, Cliff Asness, Charles Fattouche, Tobias J. Moskowitz
{"title":"Practical Applications of Fact, Fiction, and Factor Investing","authors":"Michele Aghassi, Cliff Asness, Charles Fattouche, Tobias J. Moskowitz","doi":"10.3905/pa.2023.pa580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3905/pa.2023.pa580","url":null,"abstract":"In <ext-link><bold><italic>Fact, Fiction, and Factor Investing</italic></bold></ext-link> from the January 2023 issue of <bold><italic>The Journal of Portfolio Management</italic></bold>, authors <bold>Michele Aghassi</bold>, <bold>Cliff Asness</bold>, <bold>Charles Fattouche</bold>, and <bold>Tobias Moskowitz</bold> of <bold>AQR Capital</bold> assess the validity and veracity of 10 claims about factor investing. They conclude that five are fact and five are fiction. Ultimately, the authors argue that while factor investment strategies entail inherent risks, they are profitable long-term strategies, and provide valuable diversification that is not dependent on market conditions or macroeconomic environments.","PeriodicalId":500434,"journal":{"name":"Practical applications of institutional investor journals","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136119589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}