Journal of Structural Geology最新文献

{"title":"Seismic and outcrop-based 3D characterization of fault damage zones in sandstones, Rio do Peixe Basin, Brazil","authors":"L.S.B. Oliveira ,&nbsp;F.C.C. Nogueira ,&nbsp;D.L. Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;A. Torabi ,&nbsp;B. Alaei ,&nbsp;F. Balsamo ,&nbsp;F.H.R. Bezerra ,&nbsp;J.A.B. Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fault damage zones, composed of sub-seismic deformation structures, are difficult to detect using seismic data. Still, they can be related to fault throw, which is widely measured in the subsurface. This research employs a multiscale approach that integrates outcrop studies with seismic reflection data to investigate the attributes of fault damage zones affecting porous sandstones. We provide an in-depth understanding of the 3D fault zone volume, investigating correlations between geometric attributes of faults (width of damage zone, frequency of subsidiaries structures, and fault termination) in the outcrop and the fault throw in the subsurface, with insights from deformation mechanisms within the fault zone. The methods encompass 1D scanlines to constrain the damage zone width on the outcrop. At the same time, the subsurface analysis uses 3D seismic data, seismic attributes, and deep learning neural network (DNN) fault volumes to interpret fault geometries and quantify fault throws at different depths. Results show that the area presents a complex fault zone with multiple fault sets, deformation bands, and fracture corridors trending mainly NE-SW, NW-SE, and E-W. The integration of surface and subsurface fault data enabled the identification of two portions in each fault set outcropping at the fault tip for E-W/ESE-WNW-striking faults and the central part of the fault for NE-SW-striking faults. Faults with the greatest length do not outcrop with the largest damage zone width since they are outcropping the tip of the fault. The parallel faults overlap their damage zones, increasing the deformation zones in the affected sandstones. Fault throw and damage zone width present a positive correlation. This relation is affected by fault segments and subsidiary faults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 105276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Activity and motion characteristics on the southern segment of the Red River fault zone, Yunnan Province, China” [J. Struct. Geol. 188 (2024) 105245]","authors":"Xi Li ,&nbsp;Chenxu Wang ,&nbsp;Lichun Chen ,&nbsp;Qingyun Zhou ,&nbsp;Weidong Luo ,&nbsp;Jun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a comprehensive boundary tectonism model for the late Paleozoic Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogeny","authors":"Vincent S. Nowaczewski ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Sturmer ,&nbsp;Benjamin L. Vaughan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The orientations of intra-cratonic uplifts are commonly used to posit modes of boundary tectonism on continental margins during the time of uplift generation. In North America, a quintessential example of this practice is the ongoing interpretation of the late Paleozoic Ancestral Rocky Mountain Orogeny (ARMO). Continental margins active during ARMO uplifts have been subsequently modified or destroyed, and direct evidence for the styles of coeval tectonism obscured by later deformation, especially within the western Cordillera. Thus, there is a sustained history of workers attempting to deduce the tectonic state of late Paleozoic Laurentian margins from the characteristics of recognized uplifts. Here, using a 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) we show that it is necessary to consider the complete picture of continental fringing tectonism to understand how the intracontinental stress field could be compatible with the ARMO uplifts. Of the preexisting models tested, the model including a transform boundary on the western continental margin is most consistent with ARMO uplifts. A new tectonism model is derived including a left-lateral transtensional boundary on the Laurentian western margin and a refined compressional history along the Appalachian-Marathon margin. Modeling suggests that contemporaneous extension along eastern Greenland may have limited northward growth of the ARMO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 105275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The collapse of the Caledonian orogen in SW Norway: Insights from quartz textures","authors":"Carolina Cavalcante ,&nbsp;Haakon Fossen ,&nbsp;Leonardo Lagoeiro ,&nbsp;Rhander Taufner","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensional collapse is a common late-to post-collisional feature of orogens. It is particularly prominent in the SW Scandinavian Caledonides, where extensional detachments formed progressively from the initial reactivation of the basal thrust zone to the formation of hinterland-dipping extensional shear zones. A mature stage, documented here, involves the development of bivergent (both hinterland- and foreland-dipping) shear zones and associated vertical basement mobilization. The main foreland-facing extensional shear zone in the study area is the Bergen Detachment – an until recently overlooked or misinterpreted structure. This detachment overprints top-to-W mylonitic fabrics related to the earlier Devonian extension stages and developed in response to the updoming of the Baltica basement west of Bergen (the Øygarden Complex) into a late core complex. Our microstructural and textural examinations suggest that for both the Hardangerfjord Shear Zone and the Bergen Detachment, strain was localized by activation of dislocation creep in quartz through the operation of multiple slip systems in the &lt;a&gt; direction, predominantly prism &lt;a&gt; and rhomb &lt;a&gt;. These examinations and existing radiometric age constraints suggest that the progressive shear zone development occurred over maybe as little as 5 million years, under upper to middle greenschist facies conditions. Synkinematic cooling brought both the Bergen Detachment and Hardangerfjord Shear Zone through the ductile-brittle transition zone. The main explanation for this prolonged collapse development is 1) that the early low-angle detachment became too low-angle for continued shearing, giving rise to the first hinterland-dipping set of shear zones, and 2) that the basement weakened rheologically and mobilized gravitationally with the formation of large upright folds with new detachments along their flanks (the bivergent stage), including the Bergen Detachment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 105274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faulted karst reservoir spaces in Middle-Lower Triassic carbonates, Qingjiang Region, Yangtze block, China","authors":"Shixi Liao ,&nbsp;Fei Cao ,&nbsp;Lin Jiang ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Peijin Li ,&nbsp;Chaohua Guo ,&nbsp;Lin Pan ,&nbsp;Xiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complexity and heterogeneity of ultra-deep faulted karst reservoirs pose significant challenges for hydrocarbon exploration. In this study, we integrated remote sensing image analysis, field measurements, and core sample testing to evaluate the characteristics and controlling factors of carbonate reservoir spaces within the Middle and Lower Triassic formations along a regional strike-slip fault in the Qingjiang region of China. The strike-slip fault zone is composed of multiple fault cores and damage zones. Based on differences in damage zone width and linear fault density, the fault zone was subdivided into transtensional and transpressional segmentations. The carbonate reservoirs, primarily developed within the damage zones, consist of fractures, fracture clusters, and cavities. Detailed measurements of the carbonate outcrops were conducted to obtain geometric parameters of the reservoir spaces. Quantitative results indicate that in the transtensional segmentation, the reservoir is dominated by tensile fracture-cavity systems, characterized by larger fracture apertures (0.13–1.25 m), higher linear fracture density (0.38–8.37 m⁻¹), and well-developed cavities (0.03–4.84 m²), which contribute to better fluid connectivity and storage capacity. In contrast, the transpressional segmentation is dominated by compressional fracture-fracture cluster systems, with longer fractures (0.11–12.52 m), smaller fracture apertures (0.01–0.94 m), and extensive fracture clusters development (0.18–17.87 m²), but with lower fluid connectivity and limited storage capacity. Mechanical testing results show that the average compressive strength in the transtensional segmentation (133.95 MPa) is significantly higher than that in the transpressional segmentation (70.28 MPa). In terms of mineral composition, the transtensional segmentation has a higher calcite content, whereas the transpressional segmentation is richer in dolomite and quartz. Based on the observed differences in reservoir space characteristics across the strike-slip fault zone, we discussed the combined effects of structural segmentation, formation thickness, rock mechanics, and brittle mineral content on reservoir space development. The study emphasizes that stress conditions (primary factor) and material properties (secondary factor) jointly control fluid migration and storage efficiency in the reservoirs. Additionally, we suggest that the outcrop studies in the Qingjiang region provide valuable geological analogs for faulted karst reservoirs, offering critical insights for improving the precision of carbonate reservoir exploration and optimizing production efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 105273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Baiyangping vein-type polymetallic mineralization as a response to shear zone development and block rotation in SE Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Hongrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Thomas Blenkinsop ,&nbsp;Zengqian Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Baiyangping district is located in the northern Lanping Basin, SE Tibetan plateau. This area has undergone 80°–90° clockwise rotation around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis during the Oligocene–Early Miocene. Three major shear zones (Gaoligong, Biluoxueshan–Chongshan, and Ailao Shan–Red River) define the regional scale architecture that hosts the Baiyangping district. Several N-S structures parallel to the Biluoxueshan-Chongshan shear zone in the Baiyangping district underwent simple shear during ore formation. The Baiyangping district orebodies consist of two conjugate sets of veins (WNW-and NE-striking) and bedding-parallel veins. Block rotation occurred along the main shear zones, and conjugate veins occupied Riedel shear fractures (R and R′). Dilation occurred under progressive simple shear as the veins rotated. Ore-forming fluids migrated upwards into the dilating zones, and interacted with host rocks which buffered the fluids, increasing δ¹³C_PDB values in higher carbon content host rocks, and then sealing the space. Repeated cycles of dilation and cementation formed the orebodies of the Baiyangping district. This study highlights how block rotation can be linked to structures that control ore vein formation at the outcrop scale within obliquely convergent orogenic belts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 105272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of major faults and fractures on the development of non-matrix porosity system in a pre-salt carbonate reservoir, Santos Basin – Brazil","authors":"Luiza de C. Mendes ,&nbsp;Mateus Basso ,&nbsp;Juan Villacreces Morales ,&nbsp;Guilherme F. Chinelatto ,&nbsp;Joan Marie Blanco ,&nbsp;Ulisses M.C. Correia ,&nbsp;João Paulo Ponte ,&nbsp;Gabriela F. Matheus ,&nbsp;Marilia M. Camargo ,&nbsp;Jean Carlos R. Gavidia ,&nbsp;Renato S.P.de Medeiros ,&nbsp;Alexandre C. Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105271","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Faults and fractures are central for characterizing the permeability distribution in carbonate reservoirs since they act as pathways for diagenetic fluids that often favor intense rock dissolution and permeability. Usually, high permeability zones and fractures are not easily recognized in seismic data due to limited resolution and they are often associated with higher concentrations of hydrocarbons or even significant fluid losses during drilling, thus creating a challenge for hydrocarbon exploration. In the Santos Basin, southeast Brazil, the pre-salt carbonate reservoirs from the Barra Velha Formation (BVE) are the main hydrocarbon producers in Brazilian Atlantic margin and well-known for being extremely heterogeneous, exhibiting complex dual-porosity systems. In this study, we built a conceptual model of these fracture zones and non-matrix porosity formation that helped narrowing the understanding of these complex systems. The characterization of faults and fractures was carried out using seismic, well-logs, and borehole image data to understand the influence of these structures in the porosity formation along the Barra Velha Formation. In the study area, three fault sets were defined (F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and F&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) from seismic data. F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; represents to the larger faults, while the F&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; fault set represents the smaller faults related to the reactivation of F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;; both sets being oriented NE-SW. The F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fault set is associated with the rift formation and is oriented to NNE-SSW. These three fault sets compartmentalized the studied area into different domains, each exhibiting distinct fracture sets. The natural open fractures were formed during the reactivation of rift faults and are oriented mainly NW, NNE-NNW, NE, and ENE and were identified across the entire study area, but with different intensity values. The fracture intensity closely relates to the distance from major faults where the wells with the highest fracture intensity occurs located 150–590 m from the larger F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; fault set. Scan-lines were conducted throughout the area to determine the fault width, and an average value of 1.2 km was established. Seven non-matrix porosity classes were characterized and classified into stratigraphically concordant and discordant non-matrix pore types at well scale through borehole image interpretation. The Barra Velha Formation exhibit higher occurrence of stratigraphically discordant non-matrix porosity related to fractured zones while stratigraphically concordant non-matrix porosity is mainly controlled by the paleotopography of the study area. Overall, non-matrix porosity formation tends to follow an orientation that suggests a preferential dissolution flow towards NE and ENE directions. Intervals with higher silica content shows a positive correlation with both fracture intensity and stratigraphically discordant non-matrix porosities. This work provides a conceptual model ab","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 105271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of inherited structural anisotropies during co-seismic surface faulting: The Pescopagano fault case study (Irpinia seismogenic area, Southern Italy)","authors":"Luigi Ferranti ,&nbsp;Francesco Iezzi ,&nbsp;Alberto Bacchiani ,&nbsp;Francesco Pavano ,&nbsp;Daniele Bellini ,&nbsp;Alessandro Citterio ,&nbsp;Roberto Calabrò ,&nbsp;Claudio Pasqua","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co-seismic failure can occur on newly formed or on inherited structures. However, understanding their surface pattern is challenging when pre-existing structural anisotropies control rupture propagation. We focus here on the Pescopagano Fault (PF), considered part of the extensional fault system that ruptured during the 1980, Mw 6.9 earthquake in Southern Italy. Although the mainshock fault (Irpinia Fault) produced ∼ 40 km of NW-SE trending ground ruptures, these were not observed on a buried antithetic fault located to the northeast of the main fault and defined solely by seismological data. The PF studied here is part of an exposed fault array that spatially coincides with the trace of the antithetic fault. To better assess existing seismotectonic models for the Irpinia fault system, we investigated: i) whether ground ruptures occurred on the PF during past earthquakes, and ii) to what degree surface and deep faults are linked. Paleo-seismological trenches document that the PF has not released surface-rupturing earthquakes during the last ∼13–20 ka. Structural data suggest that the PF developed to accommodate the relaxation of a Pliocene thrust-fold system after the demise of thrusting. Results of this work highlight that the PF may be an inherited Pliocene or Early Pleistocene structure that does not reach the ∼10–15 km seismogenic depth typical of this region. In this scenario, the upward propagation of the antithetic fault from seismogenic depths towards the surface during a 1980-type earthquake may be impeded by a mélange layer developed during the growth of the Southern Apennines thrust belt and interposed between the deep antithetic fault and the upper crustal faults. We cannot exclude, however, that the PF may be activated during very large but infrequent and non-characteristic earthquakes on the Irpinia fault system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The goodness-of-fit of models for fracture trace length distribution: Does the power law provide a good fit?","authors":"J. Kim ,&nbsp;J. Choi ,&nbsp;S. Mehrishal ,&nbsp;J.-J. Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fracture trace length distributions are often assumed to follow a power law, which implies that the distribution is scale-independent. The present study tests this assumption by evaluating the goodness-of-fit of three statistical models—the power law, piecewise power law, and lognormal distribution—upon a dataset of 57 trace maps that cover a range of fracture modes, host rock types, network scales, and topologies. The goodness-of-fit was assessed through the unbiased Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test, which accounts for the fitting procedure and the degrees of freedom of each model. The results show that the power law provides a poor fit to trace length distributions, being rejected in 24 trace maps at a significance level of 0.05. In contrast, the piecewise power law and lognormal distribution demonstrated better fits across the fracture networks, with the piecewise power law performing the best overall. The poor fit of the power law can be attributed to mechanical and chemical controls on fracture growth, mainly fracture abutment, as well as stress shadowing and cementation, which affect growth rate at different length scales and result in scale-dependent trace length distributions. The consistent poor fit of the power law across various fracture networks suggests that these controls are prevalent in natural systems. While the power law remains a simple and effective model for trace length distribution, it should be recognized that it overlooks such controls that can influence the mechanical and hydraulic properties of fracture networks. Meanwhile, the fit of the piecewise power-law suggests the existence of a characteristic length where a transition in fracture growth occurs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of crustal deformation on orogenic Au mineralization in Himalaya: A case study from Buzhu","authors":"Chaoyi Dong ,&nbsp;Qingfei Wang ,&nbsp;Daniel D. Gregory ,&nbsp;Huajian Li ,&nbsp;Weijun Weng ,&nbsp;Lin Yang ,&nbsp;Jun Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Buzhu Au deposit in the Himalaya orogen, experiencing Cenozoic uplift of the Himalaya, provides a window to study the control of crustal deformation on Au mineralization. The Au mineralization is characterized by quartz veins controlled by an extensional fault system, comprising W- to WNW-trending shear zones/faults and superposed NNE- to N-trending normal faults. The vein system experienced three deformation stages, stages I and II occurred in shear zones, and stage III developed in normal faults. The deformation comprises hydraulic brecciation in stage I and crack-sealing processes during stage II shear deformation in the brittle-ductile transition, followed by matrix-supported breccias progressively crosscut by veins in newly-formed normal faults in stage <span>III</span>. Stages I and II contain invisible-Au-dominated sulfides, while native Au and pyrrhotite formed in stage III.</div><div>Blocky quartz with oscillatory and sector zoning patterns implies fluid pressure build-up processes in stage I. Pyrite displays coupled Au-As variation, high Au contents (&lt;19 ppm), and restricted δ³⁴S values (−3.6 to −2.4‰), supporting that fluid-rock reaction was responsible for Au precipitation. Elongated quartz of stage II displays contrasting bright and dark cathodoluminescence bands with corresponding high and low Al-Li concentrations, indicating fluctuating fluid pressure. Pyrite shows a negative correlation between Au (&lt;45 ppm) and δ³⁴S values (5.4–1.7‰, from cores to rims), consistent with fluid oxidation associated with a fluid pressure drop. Minor late quartz in open spaces transected earlier quartz, implying the hydrothermal system dropped to near-hydrostatic conditions. The partial replacement textures of pyrite and arsenopyrite from stage III, with varied δ³⁴S values (5.9–9.3‰), and the existence of micro-inclusions and visible Au along the contact, suggest a fluid-mediated dissolution-reprecipitation process. Thus, it is demonstrated that mineralization occurred as the hydrothermal system transitioned from the relatively ductile to brittle domain, with varying Au precipitation mechanisms. This study further summarizes the similarities of Au mineralizing systems in young collisional orogens worldwide, particularly with respect to relationships between structural-hydrothermal system and rapid uplift.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}