Journal of Structural Geology最新文献

{"title":"Interrogating an along-strike variation in the evolution and rheology of a large continental strike-slip fault zone","authors":"W.A. Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Along-strike variations in lithology, temperature, fluid activity, etc. can induce rheological changes in strike-slip faults that may be recorded by different fault rocks and fabrics. This article interrogates localized formation of granite-derived mylonite in a large strike-slip fault zone in which ultramylonite is the principle granite-derived fault rock to better understand this rock record of faulting. Microtextures show that rate-limiting deformation mechanisms in mylonite were dislocation creep in quartz and diffusion creep in very-fine-grained feldspar aggregates. Microtextures also show that mylonite formation is fully compatible with continuous viscous deformation whereas coeval ultramylonite along strike formed after whole-rock cataclasis at the brittle-viscous transition. Differential stresses determined from quartz aggregates in ultramylonites are 40–150% greater than stresses in mylonites. Hence, mylonites represent a local weak sector within this otherwise relatively strong fault zone. Mylonite formation is correlated with syndeformational chemical alteration as well as quartz microstructures and mineral assemblages indicating elevated deformation temperatures. Not all mylonite samples record significant chemical alteration. Therefore, mylonite formation likely records locally elevated temperatures. These results illustrate how a local shift in deformation conditions can affect the evolution and rheology of a large strike-slip fault zone, and how fault rocks record these processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normal fault architecture, evolution, and deformation mechanisms in basalts, Húsavik, Iceland: Impact on fluid flow in geothermal reservoirs and seismicity","authors":"Luca Smeraglia ,&nbsp;Andrea Billi ,&nbsp;Eugenio Carminati ,&nbsp;Luca Aldega ,&nbsp;Alasdair Skelton ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Stockmann ,&nbsp;Erik Sturkell","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Faults within layered basaltic sequences significantly influence hydrothermal fluid flow in shallow geothermal reservoirs and potentially during CO₂ sequestration and storage. Nevertheless, their characterization regarding fault zone architecture, fluid flow, deformation mechanisms, and seismic potential remains underdeveloped. This study addresses this gap by integrating structural and microstructural observations with X-ray diffraction analyses of exposed normal-transtensional faults associated with the seismically active Húsavík-Flatey Fault in the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, Northern Iceland. Our findings demonstrate that the evolution of basalt-hosted normal-transtensional faults progresses through distinct stages: (1) low-displacement fault propagation from pre-existing cooling joints; (2) fault linkage via dilational jogs; (3) damage zone/fault core growth through brecciation and cataclastic processes; (4) shear localization along sharp slip surfaces; and (5) smearing of volcaniclastic interbeds along the principal fault plane. Evidence of shear localization, truncated clasts, and hydrothermal breccias/veins suggests repeated seismic slip events facilitated by overpressured fluids. Conversely, the presence of clay-rich foliated cataclasite indicates aseismic slips during interseismic periods. Slip along fault jogs, bends, geometric irregularities, and orientation changes causes the dilatant opening of the fault planes and extensional horsetail fractures at fault tips. These structures create main tabular zones for lateral movement of hydrothermal fluids parallel to the fault strike in shallow geothermal reservoirs situated in active extensional-transtensional tectonic settings. In addition, the dilational jogs and the intersection of horsetail veins with the hosting faults may define linear zones of high structural permeability and intense localized fluid flow parallel to the σ2 paleostress orientation and finally mineral precipitation. The results of this study can be utilized to improve models of geothermal fluid flow for enhanced recovery in basaltic reservoirs and assess seismic risk in basaltic faults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control by preexisting morphology on layer-bound faults in the southern Qiongdongnan Basin, NW South China Sea","authors":"Xiaodong Yang ,&nbsp;Yingci Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Wu ,&nbsp;Jiaxian Huang ,&nbsp;Christopher K. Morley","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ideal development of layer-bound, polygonal faults occurs in an isotropic stress field. However, some populations of layer-bound faults appear to have originated as ‘polygonal’ faults, but display atypical plan-view fault geometries that suggest development under anisotropic stress conditions. High-resolution 2D/3D seismic data in the southern Qiongdongnan Basin displays three tiers of layer-bound faults with distinct strike variations and complex structural patterns that depart from the geometries of isotropic polygonal fault cells. The lower fault tier displays preferred orientations along E-W, NE-SW, NW-SE directions; the middle fault tier shows a primary E-W orientation and a secondary N-S trend; the shallow tier features strong N-S and E-W orientations. Fault patterns in map view include orthogonal, quasi-polygonal and circumferential geometries, among which the orthogonal pattern is dominant in the shallow fault tier. Several factors are inferred to cause these variable geometrical and structural patterns in layer-bound faults, they are: pre-existing tectonic faults, an uplifted region, local slopes, contourite depressions, and large contourite-related channels. The orthogonal fault patterns have longer E-W orientation parallel to the contourite channels and shorter N-S trends perpendicular to the thalwegs. The presence of submarine channels is suggested to locally deflect the stress orientation, which in turn impacts fault patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing and characteristics of co-seismic surface ruptures in the Yadong rift, southern Tibet","authors":"Shiguang Wang ,&nbsp;Marie-Luce Chevalier ,&nbsp;Paul Tapponnier ,&nbsp;Haibing Li ,&nbsp;Wenjun Zheng ,&nbsp;Xulong Wang ,&nbsp;Kang Li ,&nbsp;Xiwei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yadong-Gulu rift (YGR) is the most prominent and seismically active of the seven main ∼ NS-trending rifts in southern Tibet. Although the morphology of the southern YGR clearly indicates it has witnessed large earthquakes in the past, and despite its significant late Quaternary throw rates of ∼1 mm/yr, no large historical or instrumental earthquakes have been reported, including in the southernmost Pagri half-graben, in contrast to the northern part of the rift which is highly seismically active. Here, geomorphic characteristics helped us constrain the timing of a paleoearthquake that produced surface ruptures along the Pagri half-graben, used to document its past activity and evaluate its seismic hazard. We demonstrate that the co-seismic surface ruptures extend for ∼65 km along the Yadong normal fault, with a maximum vertical displacement ranging from 2 to 4.0 ± 0.1 m. Based on empirical relationships between magnitude, surface rupture length, and fault displacement, we suggest that this event may correspond to a M_w6.9–7.2 earthquake. Combined with previous studies, our radiocarbon (¹⁴C) and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) ages from three pits within the earthquake wedge across the surface ruptures constrain the paleoearthquake timing at 3470-2056 years BP. We suggest that the southern YGR currently has a high regional seismic hazard for a M_w6.8–7.1 earthquake, considering the significant throw rates and long timespan since the last strong event. Furthermore, we suggest that such different seismic activity and throw/extension rates between the southern and northern YGR may be explained by different upper crustal rheology behavior and mid-crustal structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground penetrating radar - based investigation of fracture stratigraphy and structural characterization in karstified carbonate rocks, Brazil","authors":"Vincenzo La Bruna ,&nbsp;Renata E.B. Araújo ,&nbsp;Juliana A.G. Lopes ,&nbsp;Luana S. Silva ,&nbsp;Walter E. Medeiros ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Balsamo ,&nbsp;Josibel G. Oliveira Jr. ,&nbsp;Flávio L. Santana ,&nbsp;Francisco H.R. Bezerra","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fracture stratigraphy study for a subsurface sedimentary rock sequence can be a challenging and demanding task. Typically, the data obtained from seismic and well-logs are heavily impacted by resolution issues and are difficult to interconnect. In this work, we document and extract fracture properties (orientation, density, intensity, etc.) from a layered carbonate sequence for fracture stratigraphy characterization. High-resolution subsurface Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data images, coupled with drone and previously documented well-log profiles, were analyzed to achieve the structural characterization task. The studied outcrop is localized in the Potiguar Basin (Brazil), where the Cretaceous Jandaíra Formation carbonates are exposed for hundreds of meters. The sequence is subdivided into an upper packstone/grainstone portion and a lower wackestone bed package. We documented the higher fracture intensity/density in the lower bed package portion, highlighting that depositional texture and intra-bed stylolites control the higher fracture distribution in the sequence. Finally, a 3D conceptual model describing the overall results is presented. This model summarizes and shows the innovative fracture stratigraphy method based on the GPR data analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of pre-existing structures on the Cenozoic rifting processes: Insights from seismic reflection imaging of the northeastern south China sea","authors":"Zongdong Pan ,&nbsp;Shaoping Lu ,&nbsp;Hongfang Gao ,&nbsp;Qing He ,&nbsp;Han Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The South China Sea (SCS) opened due to the extension of a compressional setting of the paleo-Pacific subduction. The pre-existing structure significantly influences the geometry of rift basins and the kinematic evolution of the rifting. However, structural evidence of the paleo-Pacific subduction in the northeastern SCS remains enigmatic. The deformation front, serving as the structural evidence of paleo-subduction, is associated with accretionary style deformation and would be reactivated during the subsequent extension phase. In this study, we use a multi-channel seismic profile to investigate the pre-existing structure related to the paleo-Pacific subduction in the northeastern SCS, emphasizing the influence of pre-existing structure on the rift evolution. The seismic profile reveals imbricate reflections in the lower crust. These reflections are interpreted as the deformation front of the Paleo-Pacific subduction. Notably, the deformation front is hyperextended in the Chaoshan Depression. The result of the stretching factors indicates that the ductile lower crust experienced preferential thinning during the rifting beneath the Chaoshan Depression. In the northern part of the profile, a transparent reflection zone was identified and interpreted as a magmatic arc related to Mesozoic subduction. One major achievement of our study is these seismic reflections provide the structural evidence for Paleo-Pacific subduction and reveal that the northeastern SCS has experienced crustal shortening and imbrication through a series of dipping thrusts. Subsequently, we discuss the role of pre-existing structures in lower crustal thinning and continental rifting. We propose the deformation front of the Mesozoic subduction, as a pre-existing weakness, facilitated the kinematic evolution of the rifting in the northeastern SCS during the Cenozoic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraplate active deformation: Lake Salt fault zone and source of the Obruk (Bor-Niğde) earthquakes, Cappadocia-central Anatolia, Türkiye","authors":"Ali Koçyiğit ,&nbsp;Uğur Doğan ,&nbsp;Şule Gürboğa ,&nbsp;Doğan Kalafat","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intraplate strike slip deformation structures play a crucial role in understanding how the earthquake are triggered, and respond to long-term deformation in plate interiors. One of the examples for intraplate structure is the Lake Salt Fault Zone (LSFZ) in Türkiye, located at the Central Anatolia region which has hosted a few moderate magnitude earthquakes. The LSFZ extends in NW-SE direction along the eastern border of the Lake Salt basin. In the western and central sections, it exhibits a rather linear trace, and it marks the west-northwestern boundary of the Cappadocian plateau. Along its strike, two big cities, namely, Aksaray and Niğde, and some significant eruption centers (the Hasan, Keçibuyduran and Melendiz Mountain stratovolcanoes) are located, and there is a 12 km right lateral offset. LSFZ has four main segments, namely, Karacaören, Keçikalesi, Obruk and Büyükkaraoğlan fault segments, and they have hosted two moderate-sized (Mw = 5.1 to 5.2) earthquakes (on September 20, 2020 and February 25, 2023) at the localities approximately 5 km ENE and SSW of Obruk Town (Niğde). Their focal mechanisms revealed that the LSFZ exhibits dominantly dextral strike-slip faulting with normal component. The vertical and horizontal displacement rates along the LSFZ are 0.14 mm/yr and 4.6 mm/yr, respectively. The recurrence interval of earthquakes of Mw ≥ 6.7 on the LSFZ is more than one thousand years, owing to the low slip rate. We propose that the LSFZ is in a seismic gap having potential to host a large earthquake.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling factors of Riedel shear spacing in the simple shear mode of strike-slip fault: Insights from sandbox models","authors":"Xu Duan ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Runsheng Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strike-slip faults generally develop Riedel shears (R-shears), which exhibit parallel and evenly-spaced distribution characteristics. However, the factors controlling the R-shear spacing in strike-slip faults are still unclear. The influence of material properties such as internal friction angle and cohesion, basal friction, and the thickness of brittle layers (T) on the R-shear spacing (S) are investigated using analogue models in this paper. Research findings indicate that the internal friction angle of the material and the thickness of the brittle layer have a significant impact on the R-shear spacing, with the thickness of the brittle layer directly determining the R-shear spacing as evidenced by their linear correlation. In comparison, cohesion and basal friction have insignificant effects on R-shear spacing. Based on this, experiments were carried out using various thicknesses of brittle layers (specified materials) to investigate the impact of the brittle layer thickness on the R-shear spacing, and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used to analyze the distribution pattern of R-shear development at each stage. The results indicate that fractures occur in regions where the vorticity field alternates between positive and negative values, and as the evolution progresses, the maximum strain gradually converges towards the center of the deformation zone, leading to a reduction in the activity of the R-shear, while the spacing of the R-shear remains unaltered. The normalized (S/T) results indicate that the experimental value of 1.32 aligns with natural laws and is very close to the normalized value of the natural faults, which is 1.24. It can be inferred that the thickness of the seismogenic crust within the range of the Altyn Tagh Fault is 40.9–43.5 km.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 105261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of recent tectonic movement in northeast Japan by using long-term GNSS and tide gauge measurements","authors":"Kutubuddin Ansari ,&nbsp;Janusz Walo ,&nbsp;Andrean V.H. Simanjuntak ,&nbsp;Kinga Wezka","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study investigates tectonic movements in northeast Japan by using long-term (2000–2022) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and tide gauge measurements. The effect of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake including the other eight seismic events that occurred within this period is also discussed using GNSS time-series. The result showed the break in GNSS-time series because of occurred earthquakes and pointed out tectonic movements significantly. The GNSS sites located in the central and southern parts of northeast Japan showed that the velocity vectors have strong internal variation and suggest the existence source of alternative deformation because of geological terranes within the region. A least square approach was used, and the trend of sea-level measurements was fitted with the straight line. The obtained results from tide gauge measurements showed a rising trend at almost every site and indicated lithospheric uprising movement because of tectonic activities. This is possible because of the ongoing subduction of the Pacific and Philippine Sea plates beneath the Eurasian and North American plates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity and motion characteristics on the southern segment of the Red River fault zone, Yunnan province, China","authors":"Xi Li ,&nbsp;Chenxu Wang ,&nbsp;Lichun Chen ,&nbsp;Qingyun Zhou ,&nbsp;Weidong Luo ,&nbsp;Jun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The longer time for recording large earthquakes on a plate boundary fault, the better that understanding of large earthquake rupture behavior and seismic hazard on the fault zone. However, large earthquakes (<em>M</em> ≥ 7) are rarely recorded on the boundary fault with slow slipping rate, such as the Red River fault zone (RRFZ), which is an important plate boundary fault that marks the southwestern boundary of the Yangtze platform or south China block. There have been no large earthquake records on the southern segments (including the segment in Vietnam) of the RRFZ since historical earthquake records began in 886 AD, except the 1652 Midu <em>M</em> 7 earthquake and the 1925 Dali <em>M</em> 7 earthquake on the northern segment. The southern segment of the RRFZ will not have a large earthquake in the future or as a large earthquake seismogenic zone with a long period of recurrence, remains controversial, in part because of the absence of constraints from geological evidence. This controversial seriously restricts the risk assessment of future large earthquakes on the southern segment of the RRFZ. By careful interpretations of high resolution remote sensing images, in combination with a detailed field geological and geomorphic survey, we found a series of fault valleys and bedrock outcrops from Gasha toYaojie and Yuangjiang to Hekou on the southern segment of the RRFZ. Multiple trench excavation and radiocarbon dating sample analyses show that the mid valley trace in the southern segment of the RRFZ is an active fault. Geological and geomorphic evidence from Gasha to Yaojie and Yuanjiang to Hekou indicate that the mid valley trace in the southern segment of the RRFZ exhibits dip slip and dextral strike slip motion characteristics. This result is inconsistent with those of previous studies that the mid valley trace is purely strike slip. Furthermore, trenches opened on the range front trace in the southern segment of the RRFZ in Ejia are found to still be active, differing from previous studies. Thus, the seismic hazard on the southern segment of the RRFZ should be reevaluated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 105245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}