Journal of Structural Geology最新文献

{"title":"Fracturing, comminution and grain-size-sensitive creep as a record of coseismic loading in the middle-crust: Insights from the Urtiga mylonitic pluton (NE Brazil)","authors":"Gustavo Viegas ,&nbsp;Rhander Taufner ,&nbsp;Takamoto Okudaira ,&nbsp;Károly Hidas ,&nbsp;Manuel D. Menzel ,&nbsp;Carlos J. Archanjo ,&nbsp;Yasmin dos Santos Pereira ,&nbsp;Carolina Peixoto de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evidence for mid-crustal seismic slip is scarce due to the limited capacity of downward propagation of rupture damage imposed by the confining pressure. Nevertheless, structures indicative of elevated stresses occur throughout the crustal profile. To further investigate this setting, we have studied the fabrics of the Urtiga pluton, emplaced at the south Patos shear zone (northeast Brazil), a major Neoproterozoic crustal boundary. K-feldspar and plagioclase porphyroclasts are fractured, with fine-grained K-feldspar + plagioclase mixtures filling cracks. The edges of the clasts are rimmed by fine feldspar grains that form a fine-grained matrix. Quartz ribbons are parallel to the mylonitic foliation and show microstructures and a fabric indicating deformation via dislocation creep. Chemical compositions of feldspars are typically similar between porphyroclasts, fractures and matrix, with plagioclase grains locally being more albitic within fractures. Crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) in grains within fractures are host-controlled by the adjacent porphyroclast, while fine grains rimming the clasts show a weak CPO and are mostly strain-free. These characteristics suggest that grain size reduction in the Urtiga mylonitic pluton occurred through fracturing and subsequent grain-size-sensitive creep under mid-crustal conditions, which were possibly attained via downward propagation of seismic rupture from the overlying seismogenic zone during transient, seismic slip episodes, giving rise to spatially related pseudotachylytes at the boundaries of the southern Patos shear zone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142012454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D study of dyke-induced asymmetric graben: The 1971 Mt. Etna (Italy) case by structural data and numerical modelling","authors":"Fabio L. Bonali ,&nbsp;Noemi Corti ,&nbsp;Federico Pasquaré Mariotto ,&nbsp;Emanuela De Beni ,&nbsp;Sofia Bressan ,&nbsp;Massimo Cantarero ,&nbsp;Elena Russo ,&nbsp;Marco Neri ,&nbsp;Alessandro Tibaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we have integrated field data and numerical models to characterise a unique dyke-induced graben system, exposed both in section and plan view, with an unexpected asymmetric fault geometry. This volcanotectonic feature is related to the 1971 eruption of Mt. Etna (southern Italy) and is located near the northern wall of the Valle del Bove, a huge depression carved into the eastern flank of the edifice. A new structural map and quantitative data were obtained from the analysis of aerial stereophotos collected before the onset of the 1971 eruption and after, high-resolution drone-derived models and field surveys carried out in the summer of 2022. In plan view, the graben is 2-km-long and its width ranges 27–143 m from the bottom to the upper part of the section view, with about 82 m of difference in elevation from top to bottom. Graben faults clearly show an asymmetric setting in terms of attitude, with one fault that dips 70° to the south, and the other one that dips 50° to the north. Vertical offset values are greater at higher elevations. We also ran a set of numerical models, aimed at investigating the distribution and orientation of stresses around the inferred dyke tip and in the host rock. The comparison between field data and numerical models suggests a key role of the inclined topography, as shown in section view, in determining the orientation of dyke-induced σ₁ and σ₃ in the host rock. This, in turn, controls the geometry of the graben faults, resulting in the observed asymmetric setting. Additionally, dyke-induced stress concentrations and vertical offset values support the hypothesis of a downward propagation of the graben faults, from the surface down to the dyke tip.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814124001834/pdfft?md5=abef1e2ca03d9a66f2813e18816cc73a&pid=1-s2.0-S0191814124001834-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142049368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic and dynamic fault slip analyses: Implications from the surface rupture of the 2023 Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) (Mw7.6) earthquake, Türkiye","authors":"Mehmet Köküm","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On 6 February 2023, the Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) (Mw7.6) earthquake produced a strike-slip type coseismic surface rupture zone, involving the sinistral slip of the Doğanşehir Fault (DF) and Çardak Fault (ÇF). Fault slickenlines and seismic slickenlines were included in the inversion as part of the dynamic analysis. The inversion of fault slickenlines collected from nine outcrops along the surface rupture following the earthquake, many of which developed during the event and are referred to as coseismic slickenlines, reveals a strike-slip stress regime (σ2 = σv) characterized by a NE-SW (mean azimuth: N045°E) σ1 (maximum) axis. Relict slip planes adjacent to main slip surfaces were found to host slickenlines that appear much older than the most recent earthquake, referred to as paleoslip slickenlines. Inversion of the paleoslip slickenline collected from four outcrops reveals an extensional stress regime (σ1 = σv) characterized by a NE-SW σ3 (min) axis, consistent with previously published studies. To define a significant stress tensor concerning present-day faulting within the investigated area, the inversion method was applied to the seismic slickenlines of shallow earthquakes in the surface rupture area. The inversion of sixty selected nodal planes reveals a strike-slip stress regime (σ2 = σv) characterized by an NNE–SSW (N10°E) σ1 (max) axis. Besides, the moment tensor summation analysis using displacement vectors inferred from visible field markers offset during the earthquake was applied to the seismic slickenlines as part of the kinematic analysis. The shortening and extension results for the moment tensor summation are 044/36 and 307/11 indicating NE-SW compression. Results of the moment tensor summation (weighted by fault displacement) agree broadly with the inversion of seismic slickenlines results, indicating an NE orientation for shortening and an SE orientation for extension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142012452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refold structures of the Archaean Nyanzaga gold Project, Sukumaland Greenstone Belt, Tanzania: Precursors to the gold-bearing fault system","authors":"Célestine Berthier ,&nbsp;Alain Chauvet ,&nbsp;Julien Feneyrol ,&nbsp;Anne-Sylvie André-Mayer ,&nbsp;Aurélien Eglinger ,&nbsp;John McIntyre ,&nbsp;Rémi Bosc","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a complete investigation into the structural-hydrothermal evolution of the Nyanzaga and Kilimani gold deposits within the Neoarchean Sukumaland Greenstone Belt, Tanzania Craton. The first compressional stage, D_1a, creates upright E-W folds in response to N-S-oriented shortening. The second stage, D_1b, refolds the previously formed structures during ongoing compression/transpression under N-S-oriented shortening. Due to the brittle nature of late deformation, during D_1c, a set of faults emerges, with the NW-SE ones exhibit dextral shearing and control the formation of normal N-S vertical faults.</p><p>A protracted hydrothermal history is recorded, beginning with a disseminated silicate minerals- and pyrite-rich, gold-barren stage associated with the D_1a and D_1b deformations, followed by the development of a gold-endowed vein system during progressive D_1b and D_1c stages. Gold was mainly concentrated within vertical NW-SE (Kilimani) and N-S (Nyanzaga) faults. Our findings challenge traditional polyphase deformation models presented in the other gold deposits of the area, by proposing a progressive and continuous deformation-hydrothermal history. In addition, we highlight the influence of refold structures on fault geometry, which is crucial in concentrating gold mineralization under continuous N-S compression and transpression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frictional strength of siliciclastic sediment mixtures in fault stability assessment","authors":"D.C.A. Silva ,&nbsp;E. Skurtveit ,&nbsp;M. Soldal ,&nbsp;A. Braathen","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Frictional strength of fault zones is a key parameter for evaluation of fault stability and reactivation. We measure friction using the direct shear test (DST) for (i) sand-clay mixes mimicking fault gouges, and (ii) strength of fault zone interfaces. The sand-clay mixing ratio is linked to the established Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) used in fault seal analysis, suggesting an approach for linking the measured frictional properties to the established subsurface fault characterization methods and risk assessment. We use powdered caprock material from the Draupne Formation mixed with sand to prepare the fault gouge and discuss application of results for fault zones on the Horda Platform, Norwegian North Sea.</p><p>Shearing of fault gouge show a systematic decrease in residual friction coefficient with increasing clay content from 0.6 (φ = 31°) in pure sand (SGR 0%) to 0.4 (φ = 22°) for clay rich mixtures (SGR 100%). Interface testing mimicking fault gouge on sand surface is less systematic and shows residual friction coefficients ranging from 0.53 to 0.6 (φ = 28–31°) for SGR 0–50%. Detailed interpretation of the shear testing results shows changes in drainage properties, volumetric changes during shearing and shear responses to normal stresses indicating threshold values for sand versus clay dominated material behaviour. However, the results are non-conclusive on the question if a linear variation of friction with clay content or a threshold between sand dominated versus clay dominated friction provides the best approach for linking friction to fault clay content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced structural analysis through a hybrid analogue-digital mapping approach: Integrating field and UAV survey with microtomography to characterize metamorphic rocks","authors":"E. Fazio ,&nbsp;G. Ortolano ,&nbsp;G.I. Alsop ,&nbsp;A. D'Agostino ,&nbsp;R. Visalli ,&nbsp;V. Luzin ,&nbsp;F. Salvemini ,&nbsp;R. Cirrincione","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focused on collecting structural data orientations of a crustal-scale shear zone (Palmi Shear Zone, PSZ, southern Calabria, Italy) by integrating various analytical and field-based techniques. The PSZ consists of deformed metamorphic rocks (migmatitic biotitic paragneiss, marbles, and skarns) showing multiple folding phases, and Hercynian tonalites and pegmatites (306-290 Ma), crosscut by Late Hercynian leucocratic dykes (ca. 290 Ma). Multi-sized clasts composed of different lithologies are preserved on clean outcrop surfaces, and are sheared into both σ - and δ -type objects that collectively suggest opposing senses of shear. The study incorporates structural analysis of folds, field and aerial surveys (UAV), digital mapping, and microcomputed tomography. Various kinematic indicators were observed in the PSZ, indicating a mix of factors influencing the shear strain patterns (e.g. fold interference patterns, different rock types with high viscosity contrast). The findings suggest a clear consistency between structural data inferred from 3D VOM (Virtual Outcrop Model) and those collected directly in the field, confirming the occurrence of both sinistral and dextral shear in the PSZ, providing important insights into the tectonic evolution of the Calabrian-Peloritani Terrane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814124001652/pdfft?md5=1ec787c4e7181689daa5c65632512eed&pid=1-s2.0-S0191814124001652-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic evolution of the Huincul High, Neuquén basin (Argentina) - Sequential restoration and analysis of inversion structures","authors":"Ivan Antonov ,&nbsp;Nicola Scarselli ,&nbsp;Diego Costantino ,&nbsp;Jürgen Adam ,&nbsp;Diego Lenge ,&nbsp;Raul Gutierrez","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research integrated sequential section restoration, detailed seismic attribute analysis, and quantitative fault analysis for key inversion structures along the western Huincul High, a prominent E-W basement discontinuity in the Mesozoic Neuquén Basin. Section restoration of this retroarc foreland basin, indicated that the area inherited a non-uniform basement with a c.a. 30 km wide trough likely related to the Palaeozoic Gondwanan orogeny. This, combined with important Early – Middle Jurassic subsidence (rates of 40mmy⁻¹), provided accommodation for the deposition of the thick Lower – Middle Jurassic Los Molles formation. Restoration also showed the occurrence of two main phases of inversion characterised by distinct styles of accommodation of shortening. Middle to Late Jurassic inversion had a higher degree of horizontal shortening of around 1.18mmy⁻¹, which was accommodated predominantly by newly created shallow thrust faults exhibiting limited vertical displacement. Meanwhile, Early Cretaceous inversion promoted folding and reactivation of normal faults with large, inverted structures attesting up to c.a.1500m of vertical displacement and non-uniform lateral propagation. Seismic attribute analysis highlighted that inversion promoted internal deformation in the hangingwall of the main inverted structures, in the form of a dense network of secondary fractures up to 1 km in length, perpendicular to the strike of the reactivated structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814124001755/pdfft?md5=127cb8508f44b2013406dd30eaf6a16c&pid=1-s2.0-S0191814124001755-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142012453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best practices towards the digitization of 3D traces from virtual outcrop models","authors":"S. Tavani ,&nbsp;A. Corradetti ,&nbsp;R.E. Rizzo ,&nbsp;T.D. Seers","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the expanding application of virtual outcrop models (VOMs) within the geosciences, there is a growing need to establish standards for the digital measurement of geological discontinuities exposed therein. Such standards should be tailored towards the complexities of natural outcrops, where geological discontinuities often intersect the outcrop topography and are expressed as 3D traces. Digitizing geological discontinuities expressed as trace data is typically conducted manually via polyline interpolation along the exposed trace, with discontinuity orientation estimated through planar model fitting through the polyline's component nodes. Presently, establishing quality control for such measurements lacks standardization due to the absence of robust benchmarks, with the validity of the resultant orientation data heavily reliant on the experience of the interpreter.</p><p>With the aim of bridging this gap, we present the results of the manual digitization and orientation estimation of bedding planes expressed as traces across seven natural outcrops. We use two digitization strategies: one employing a previewed best-fit plane during digitization and another without. The first digitization method is carried out by an expert user who visually filters data according to visual alignment with the intended bedding prior to best fit plane estimation. In contrast, the non-visually aided method mimics acquisition by a novice user, with no a priori data filtering based upon trace geometry with respect to the outcrop. Comparison of the results obtained by these ‘<em>expert</em>’ and ‘<em>novice</em>’ acquisition modes is aimed at building benchmarks and best practices. Specifically, we analyze parameters derived from the digitized traces and their corresponding best-fit planes. We compare these parameters with the deviation of the best-fit plane from the mean orientation of the bedding surface as measured using visually-aided acquisition. Comparing these datasets reveals that visually-aided digitization yields more precise and accurate bedding measurements, characterized by traces with lower vertex collinearity. Notably, comparable results can be achieved in the non-visually assisted dataset by excluding traces with high node collinearity. Consequently, we provide robust benchmarks for trace collinearity and its relationship to best fit plane quality to aid the practical implementation of the results of this study. Furthermore, we supplement quantitative comparative analysis with recommended best practices for 3D trace digitization, such as ensuring high values of coplanarity, maintaining a quasi-constant node-to-node distance relative to the model's resolution, and ensuring a minimum number of nodes to guarantee the robustness of the fitted planar model. Critically, our study highlights the critical role tacit geological knowledge plays in the robustness of 3D trace digitization from virtual outcrop models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 105222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New constraints for slip rates along the Altyn Tagh fault, northwestern Tibet Plateau","authors":"Zhaode Yuan,&nbsp;Jie Huang,&nbsp;Junfeng Gan,&nbsp;Hanlin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on ¹⁰Be dating of offset terraces at two sites, fieldwork, and high-resolution topographic analysis, we obtained the Holocene slip rates along the central section of the Altyn Tagh fault (ATF). At the Alesayi site, the minimum slip rate is confined to 6.4–11.6 mm/yr since 6.0 ± 1.4 ka. At the Suman site, the slip rate is confined to 5.6–9.2 mm/yr since 7.6 ± 0.7 ka. Eventually, the slip rate is tightly bracketed from 6.4 to 9.2 mm/yr, which implies that the microplate model with localized deformation between rigid blocks should be abandoned. Synthesis of late Quaternary slip rates along the fault indicates that the central section, except for restraining bends, maintains a constant slip rate of ∼10 mm/yr. The long elapsed time, ∼400 years, since the most recent earthquake and a significant stress increase resulting from the 2014 Ms7.3 Yutian earthquake led to a high seismic risk along the central fault section.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 105221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture growth and damage zone evolution in fault-vein systems determined through scaling relations in alteration halo-bearing hydrothermal veins","authors":"Karin Hofer-Apostolidis ,&nbsp;José Cembrano ,&nbsp;John Browning ,&nbsp;Pamela Pérez-Flores ,&nbsp;Thomas M. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Philip G. Meredith ,&nbsp;Flavia Rojas ,&nbsp;Tao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding how fluids flow to form halo-bearing veins is essential to assess the fundamental processes involved in fracture propagation and the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. Haloes may mimic damage zones during fracture propagation, contributing to the identification of scaling relations between halo width and fracture displacement. In this work, we examine geometry, kinematics and mineral composition of well-exposed halo-bearing fault-vein network field samples. We studied a total of 18 veins from Iron-Oxide Copper Gold (IOCG) deposits in the Chilean Atacama Desert and from the Chinese Cathaysia tectonic block. Vein length and width and halo width were measured directly at the outcrop and later under optical microscope. We established a scaling relation, over five orders of magnitude, between halo width (HW) and vein width (VW) of the form <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>log</mi><mn>10</mn></msub><mspace></mspace><mi>H</mi><mi>W</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1.07</mn><mo>*</mo><msub><mi>log</mi><mn>10</mn></msub><mspace></mspace><mi>V</mi><mi>W</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1.04</mn></mrow></math></span> which suggests that the majority of analyzed haloes were formed as a result of crack tip process zone damage. Such ratios and scaling relationships, apart from elucidating the physical mechanisms driving halo/damage zone formation, have potential implications for a more reliable estimation of the nature and size of ore grade variations away from high-grade mineralized veins to the relatively lower-grade surrounding wall rock volumes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 105219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142075792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}