Journal of Structural Geology最新文献

{"title":"Multimaxima crystallographic fabrics (CPO) in warm, coarse-grained ice: New insights","authors":"Morgan E. Disbrow-Monz ,&nbsp;Peter J. Hudleston ,&nbsp;David J. Prior","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multimaxima crystallographic c-axis fabrics (CPOs) commonly observed in coarse-grained ice have been interpreted in several different ways but remain enigmatic. We review previous interpretations of these fabrics and present new data from Storglaciären, northern Sweden, for comparative purposes using both U-stage methods (c-axes only) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) (both c-axis and a-axis orientations). Consistent with most previous studies, microstructures in our study indicate that all grains have been dynamically recrystallized with grain boundary migration as the dominant process. The CPO is characterized by grains oriented favorably for easy glide on the basal plane, given the local kinematics. When a representative sample is obtained, areas on the glacier margin undergoing non-coaxial deformation have a CPO generally consistent with simple shear. Multimaxima CPOs developed in the center of the glacier, which is associated with more coaxial deformation, likely represent a small circle girdle or partial girdle fabric associated with flow-parallel compression. In both locations, sampling bias, resulting from repeat measurements of single parent grains appearing several times as “island grains” in a 2D thin section, is likely responsible for the observed multiple maxima that, with bias removed, simplify to patterns expected for simple shear or coaxial deformation. An earlier study suggesting that multimaxima CPOs may result from twinning is not borne out from our data combining c-axes and a-axes that do not show the symmetry required of twinning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140536441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tenfold lower late quaternary throw rates in central Tibet compared to southern Tibet reflect different extensional deformation mechanisms","authors":"Fucai Liu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Pan ,&nbsp;Haibing Li ,&nbsp;Marie-Luce Chevalier ,&nbsp;Zhiming Sun ,&nbsp;Dongliang Liu ,&nbsp;Mingkun Bai ,&nbsp;Yong Cao ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Ya Lai ,&nbsp;Guilong Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Present-day tectonic deformation in central Tibet is characterized by a series of ∼NS-trending grabens which accommodate EW extension. Quantifying the geometry and kinematics of these grabens is essential to understand Cenozoic tectonic deformation and Tibetan Plateau evolution. Here, we focus on the Norma Co graben (NCG), i.e., the southern segment of the Shuanghu-Norma Co graben (SH-NCG) system, which is the most prominent graben system within the Qiangtang terrane in central Tibet. We study its tectonic and geomorphologic characteristics to determine the late Quaternary throw rates of the normal faults bounding the graben, based on high-resolution satellite images interpretation, field investigation, and cosmogenic ¹⁰Be dating (n = 23). Using terrestrial LiDAR, UAV, and kinematic GPS, we precisely measure vertical offsets (up to 15 m) of ∼90–120 ka-old alluvial surfaces, yielding a throw rate of 0.10(+0.04/-0.03) mm/yr. This rate is ten times lower than those published along other NS-trending grabens in southern Tibet, reflecting different deformation mechanisms, as previously suggested: grabens in eastern Qiangtang formed by rapid eastward block extrusion, those in western Qiangtang formed by distributed extension on numerous scattered normal faults, and those in southern Tibet result from divergent orthogonal thrusting along the curved Himalayan arc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140554465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study examining active buried faults using shallow seismic reflection and joint multi-drilling: A case from the Xinding Basin, Shanxi Graben system","authors":"Xiaobing Yan ,&nbsp;Shaopeng Dong ,&nbsp;Jianguo Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Active buried faults are a type of potential seismic source that are typically very difficult to explore and study in detail due to their undetectability using traditional geological survey methods. A ring of active basins has currently formed around the stable Ordos Block. However, few studies have been conducted to determine the activity of buried faults in these basins. This study utilized the Xinding Basin of the northern Shanxi Rift System as the target area. Based on comprehensive evidence from shallow seismic exploration, joint geological multi-drilling, and Quaternary dating methods, a new buried active fault named the Xinzhou Fault (XF) was identified in the Dingxiang Graben, a subbasin of the Xinding Basin. The youngest faulted layer was dated to earlier than 144.84 ± 16.92ka and is likely at approximately 118.94 ± 15.2ka. The slip rate of the newly observed Xinzhou Fault could be limited to 0.08–0.12 mm/a since the Late Pleistocene. This fault that was the first NW-striking active fault in the Shanxi Rift System is likely a secondary tension fracture of the main NE-striking Holocene basin-controlling faults. Currently, a strong earthquake at M7.2 can be considered as the maximum seismic potential of the XF, thus posing a significant seismic hazard to the area of the Xinding Basin. The discovery of this NW-striking active fault likely presents a low seismic risk. However, the occurrence of a strong earthquake should not be ignored due to its high seismic hazard.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814124000609/pdfft?md5=07acfa473800b417317b87ce4f3375e4&pid=1-s2.0-S0191814124000609-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140347389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of continental shape in 3D geomechanical models of ancient orogenic belts: An example from the Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogeny","authors":"Vincent S. Nowaczewski ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Sturmer ,&nbsp;Benjamin L. Vaughan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The orientations of ancient intra-cratonic uplifts are commonly used to interpret the boundary tectonism style along concealed, modified, or destroyed continental margins. An implicit assumption is that the tectonism-linked stress field strongly correlated with uplift orientations. However, among other uncertainties, the shape of a stressed domain likely has an influence upon the interior stress field. In many cases of pre-Cenozoic orogenesis, multiple feasible restorations of a continent margin exist. To explore the influence of continent margin position and shape on a hypothetical ancient continental stress field we developed a new 3D geomechanical finite element method (FEM) to evaluate scenarios for the late Paleozoic Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogen (ARMO). Tectonic scenarios were calculated across a range of domains constrained by geologic uncertainty in the pre-ARMO geometry of the continent. Uncertainty for continent geometry prior to the ARMO is estimated from several published palinspastic restorations. The results demonstrate that 10s–100s of km of uncertainty in margin position, as is the case of the ARMO, should not prevent the linkage of stress patterns to styles of boundary tectonism. This work shows it is plausible to simplify the analysis of the ARMO stress/strain field utilizing one continental geometry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814124000671/pdfft?md5=459c2df73366e3b9030395db89a13f65&pid=1-s2.0-S0191814124000671-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140408135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic reconstruction of active tectonic and halokinetic structures in the 2021 NW Palagruža earthquake area (Central Adriatic)","authors":"F. Carboni ,&nbsp;F. Mirabella ,&nbsp;G. Minelli ,&nbsp;H. Saleh ,&nbsp;M. Porreca ,&nbsp;M. Ercoli ,&nbsp;C. Pauselli ,&nbsp;M.R. Barchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In March 2021, a compressional earthquake sequence (mainshock M_w 5.2) occurred in the Central Adriatic Sea, offshore Croatia. The struck area is characterized by a complex tectonic settings due to due interaction between tectonic and halokinetic structures. Former studies in this region, mostly based on geophysical and seismological data, do not provide a comprehensive description of the geological complexities of the area, caused by the presence of different types of active structures. Following the interpretation and depth conversion of a set of seismic reflection profiles, we present a kinematic restoration to obtain the shortening rates for the last 6 Myr. We highlight the presence of three main types of active structures: i) shallow thrusts and related folds deforming the seafloor, ii) deep thrusts promoting large-scale deformation, iii) halokinetic structures deforming, at least, the Messinian. We highlight how the structural setting of the area is more complex than previously interpreted, with a possible decoupling of shallow and deep structures and an interaction between tectonic and halokinetic structures. This work opens new perspectives about the role of halokinetic processes in active seismogenic areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814124000646/pdfft?md5=b31274189432cfebc5fec83618fffc2d&pid=1-s2.0-S0191814124000646-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140401813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraining the onset of orogenic contraction in fold-and-thrust belts using sedimentary stylolite populations (Umbria-Marche Apennines, Italy)","authors":"Aurélie Labeur ,&nbsp;Nicolas E. Beaudoin ,&nbsp;Olivier Lacombe ,&nbsp;Claude Gout ,&nbsp;Jean-Paul Callot","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stylolites are pressure solution structures, the roughness of which yields quantitative information about the magnitude of the normal stress applied to the stylolite plane. The stress magnitude is calculated from the cross over length (L_c) determined using the signal analysis of a 2D track. For a sedimentary, bedding-parallel stylolite (BPS), L_c scales to the magnitude of the vertical maximum principal stress σ₁, hence to the burial depth at the time the roughness of the stylolite froze. We present a dataset of nearly 200 BPS from Meso-Cenozoic folded carbonates across the Umbria Marche Apennine Ridge. The BPS population is used to address the discrepancies between L_c values obtained by using different signal analysis methods. Assuming that in compressional settings burial-related pressure-solution more probably halts because of the switch of σ1 from a burial-related vertical attitude to a tectonic-related horizontal attitude, the vertical stress magnitudes derived from the inversion of the BPS roughness were combined to burial models at each investigated fold to reconstruct the absolute timing at which the orogenic stress started to prevail. The results indicate that the onset of horizontal compression started at ∼10 Ma and ∼8 Ma in the innermost and outermost folds, respectively, and predated fold development as indicated by the age of growth strata. These results establish Stylolite Roughness Inversion Technique as a reliable depth gauge that enables refining the timing of the onset of contraction in fold-and-thrust belts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814124000506/pdfft?md5=180c34756579247bec90e83299b30a4f&pid=1-s2.0-S0191814124000506-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140341508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating structural, paleomagnetic, and thermo/geochronologic studies to understand evolution of the Sevier and Laramide belts, northern Utah to Wyoming","authors":"W.A. Yonkee ,&nbsp;A.B. Weil ,&nbsp;M.L. Wells","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantifying the kinematic evolution of an orogenic system, recorded in its 3-D displacement field, across a range of spatial and temporal scales is challenging, yet crucial for quantifying crustal shortening budgets, determining origins of mountain belt curvature, restoring paleostress-strain trajectories, and understanding relations of orogenesis to plate dynamics. In this review paper, we integrate structural, paleomagnetic, and thermo/geochronologic data sets to explore evolution of the Sevier fold-thrust and Laramide foreland belts within the North America Cordillera. These belts record an entire orogenic cycle, from onset of shortening to extensional collapse, and formed within different crustal rock packages and during changing subduction dynamics. Like other Cordilleran-style systems, these belts show progressive deformation stages that include a pre-orogenic stage in the distal foreland, an early layer-parallel-shortening (LPS) stage in the proximal foreland, and a main stage of large-scale faulting-folding. These belts also display differences in structural styles, timing, shortening directions, and rotation patterns. The Sevier belt has a thin-skin style with a western thrust system that developed in thick passive margin strata and an eastern thrust system that developed in transitional strata. The Laramide belt has a thick-skin style with reverse faults that continue to mid-crustal depths and developed in cratonic basement overlain by a thin sedimentary cover. Thrusts in the Sevier belt were emplaced progressively forelandward (W to E) spanning 125–50 Ma and formed a tapered wedge, whereas Laramide arches were uplifted from 70 to 50 Ma and separated by broad basins. Large-scale folds and thrusts of the Wyoming salient of the Sevier belt display curvature about a regional N–S trend and accommodated ∼170 km (∼50%) overall W-E shortening. The western thrust system experienced early layer-parallel shortening (LPS) at upper levels with a switch to shear and vertical flattening by viscous flow at deeper levels (T &gt; 300 °C). The eastern system experienced early LPS (5–20%) with development of cleavage and minor faults. Paleomagnetic analysis shows systematic vertical-axis rotations that increased curvature and led to a final radial pattern of LPS directions. Fluids promoted vein formation during episodes of high fluid pressures and alteration concentrated along weak fault zones. Laramide arches form an anastomosing network about a NW-SE structural grain and accommodated ∼50 km (10%) regional SW-NE shortening. The foreland experienced limited (&lt;5%) LPS with development of minor faults and refraction of paleostress directions along variably trending arches. Differences in shortening directions, paleo-topography, and geographic distribution of the Sevier and Laramide belts suggest differences in origins and transmission of paleostress. Topographic stresses were likely important within the Sevier belt that formed a low-taper wedge t","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814124000567/pdfft?md5=5fac0b6779ed594f0a8160ca3c6fc7b3&pid=1-s2.0-S0191814124000567-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix deformation of marls in a foreland fold-and-thrust belt: The example of the eastern Jaca basin, southern Pyrenees","authors":"R.L. Menzer ,&nbsp;C. Bonnel ,&nbsp;F. Gracia-Puzo ,&nbsp;C. Aubourg","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we used the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) to investigate the matrix strain record of two calcareous shale formations, the Eocene Larrès and Pamplona Marls, along the eastern Jaca foreland fold-and-thrust belt (Southern Pyrenees). More than 1000 unoriented fragments, collected from 62 sites along 4 sub-parallel sections in the footwall of the regional Oturia thrust and through local Yebra anticline, were measured. The analysis of the degree of anisotropy (P’) and shape parameter (T) allowed to identify four types of magnetic fabrics. Type II fabrics associated with poorly deformed rocks are characterized by a relatively high anisotropy and an oblate shape. In contrast, type III fabrics, associated with strongly fractured rocks are characterized by the lowest anisotropy and a triaxial shape. Type IV and type V fabrics are characterized by increasing anisotropy and shape parameters, and are associated with the development of a weak to a slaty cleavage in rocks. The distribution of the magnetic fabric is roughly similar along the four studied sections. In the footwall of the Oturia thrust, magnetic fabrics evolve from the type V to type II over a 1000 m-long interval. By contrast, the distribution of magnetic fabric is roughly symmetric across the Yebra anticline, evolving from a dominating type II fabric in both limbs to mixed type III-type V fabrics within the 1 km-large hinge zone. The succession of the magnetic fabrics is interpreted as recording various degrees of matrix strain in response to thrusting and folding. The correlation of magnetic fabrics between the four sections highlights some along-strike variations in the extension of fabric domains that are interpreted as reflecting the local influence of 2nd-order factors, such as the syn-tectonic sedimentation. Results are integrated within the tectono-sedimentary framework of the studied area to propose a model of matrix strain related to the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of a foreland fold and thrust belt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019181412400066X/pdfft?md5=c9c70c2b717667976f2af0b7a58953f7&pid=1-s2.0-S019181412400066X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140271320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrust v. stylolite","authors":"David A. Ferrill ,&nbsp;Adam J. Cawood ,&nbsp;Mark A. Evans ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Smart ,&nbsp;R. Ryan King ,&nbsp;Giovanni Zanoni","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mesostructures in subhorizontal thinly bedded calcareous mudstones of the Permian Bell Canyon Formation in the western Delaware Basin (Guadalupe Mountains foothills, west Texas) include vertical tectonic stylolites kinematically linked with low-angle thrust faults. Schmidt rebound is high (38–70) for all but a few beds, indicating competent rock. Competent beds exhibit contrasting behavior ranging from (i) no visible tectonic stylolites and numerous small-displacement (&lt;1 cm) thrust faults, to (ii) tectonic stylolites with rare thrust faults. Thrust fault intensity correlates positively with total carbonate, and negatively with clay, clay + quartz, quartz + feldspar, and total organic carbon (TOC). Tectonic stylolites are abundant in beds with 3.5–6.5% clay. Stylolite intensity correlates positively with TOC. Lowest-rebound beds exhibit ductile flowage or internal folding rather than stylolite formation, and tend to terminate small-displacement thrust faults in adjacent beds. Tectonic stylolites and thrust faults are consistent with formation in a thrust faulting stress regime during NE-directed Laramide shortening. Fluid inclusion analyses of vein calcite from thrust faults indicate maximum burial depths of 3.3–4.2 km at the time of deformation. Deformation behaviors are highly sensitive to composition, with coeval thrust faulting in clay-poor beds versus stylolite formation in slightly more clay-rich beds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814124000658/pdfft?md5=8525940e60ca316a01535baf15e36343&pid=1-s2.0-S0191814124000658-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140278751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining traditional and quantitative multiscale structural analysis to reconstruct the tectono-metamorphic evolution of migmatitic basements: the case of the Valpelline Series, Dent-Blanche Tectonic System, Western Alps","authors":"F. Caso ,&nbsp;C.B. Piloni ,&nbsp;M. Filippi ,&nbsp;A. Pezzotta ,&nbsp;E. Fazio ,&nbsp;R. Visalli ,&nbsp;G. Ortolano ,&nbsp;M. Roda ,&nbsp;M. Zucali","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2024.105099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the ongoing development of new technologies, many instruments are available to assist geological investigations at different scales. These techniques, including 3D outcrop modelling from aerial photogrammetry and quantitative microstructural analysis are useful in crystalline basements studies. This contribution combines traditional and quantitative multiscale structural analysis techniques to the migmatitic rocks of the Valpelline Series (Dent-Blanche Tectonic System, Western Alps). Conventional structural analysis is integrated with the extraction of structural data from 3D models of representative smooth outcrops. Quantitative microstructural and mineral-chemical analyses are combined to link structural and metamorphic evolution. This approach allows identifying and correlating foliations that developed during three tectono-metamorphic stages. The first (D₁) includes solid-state deformation associated with an early foliation (S₁) preserved within metabasite boudins enclosed in migmatite gneiss. The second (D₂) is related to the dominant foliation in migmatite gneiss (S₂), coeval with the regional scale anatexis and growth of garnet and cordierite. The third (D₃) is related to the late folding of S₂ and the development of a sillimanite-rich axial plane foliation (S₃) which wraps around garnet and cordierite. Finally, this work discusses pros and cons of each innovative methodology, still emphasising the importance of using manually acquired field data as ground control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191814124000518/pdfft?md5=1e7f47d2d5f672fb1075902d16fb4b5d&pid=1-s2.0-S0191814124000518-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140280033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}