Journal of Structural Geology最新文献

{"title":"Structural and geochronological studies of the Cona detachment and Cona Rift: Implications for the Miocene evolution of the Cona region","authors":"Zhuo Tang ,&nbsp;Hanwen Dong ,&nbsp;Rongze Fei ,&nbsp;Linghao Zhao ,&nbsp;Li'e Gao ,&nbsp;Yaying Wang ,&nbsp;Lilong Yan ,&nbsp;Lingsen Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The upper-crustal extensional structures developed in the Himalayan orogen record deep dynamics, that have played significant roles in the Himalayan tectonic evolution. This study presents new detailed field investigations, microstructures, quartz [c] axis crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) patterns, kinematic vorticity, deformation temperatures, zircon U-Pb, and mica ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology data of the two sets of intersecting extensional structures in the Cona area of the eastern Himalayan orogen. The results suggest that the Cona Detachment (CD) is mainly in simple shear deformation and the ductile deformation temperature ranges from 280 °C to 517 °C. It was active between 19 and 16 Ma, and ceased at 15 Ma. However, the Cona Rift (CR) is mainly in pure shear deformation and its top-down-to-the-E ductile deformation is recorded at temperatures from 500 °C to 608 °C. It initiated at ∼16 Ma, and ceased activity before 10 Ma. During the transition from N-S to E-W extension, the change in dynamic mechanism led to coupled fluid injection and crustal heating. This study indicates that the N-S and E-W extensional structures in the Cona area exhibited overlapping deformation histories during 16–15 Ma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction between diagenesis and faulting in sandstone reservoirs: Inferences from the Groningen gas field","authors":"Job P.B. Arts ,&nbsp;Dallyn Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Fadi H. Nader ,&nbsp;Martyn R. Drury ,&nbsp;Liviu C. Matenco ,&nbsp;Ernst Willingshofer ,&nbsp;André R. Niemeijer","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the progressive diagenetic evolution of fault zones in the Rotliegend reservoir of the Groningen gas field (NE Netherlands) through microstructural and petrological analysis of cataclastic bands and the only retrieved fault gouge from the reservoir. Our observations show that authigenic quartz, ferroan dolomite, siderite and anhydrite are spatially associated with the presence of faults in the reservoir.</div><div>The uneven distribution of syntaxial quartz overgrowths in the host rock suggests that silica was readily available in the reservoir, but that quartz precipitation was inhibited by coatings and slow-growing euhedral faces. Quartz cementation was preferentially concentrated in cataclastic bands, where fresh fracture surfaces provided favourable nucleation sites.</div><div>Anhydrite and siderite cements are concentrated in dilatant fractures in cataclastic bands or in the host rock adjacent to it. Based on their association with dilatant fractures and the required sources for sulphates and reducing fluids, respectively, we interpret that they were introduced by extrinsic, fault associated fluids, during a late stage of the diagenetic history.</div><div>The preferential quartz cementation in cataclastic zones suggests that many Groningen faults experienced cementation-related strengthening, while this process was inhibited in the clay-rich fault cores as observed in the BIR-01 well, implying that fault reactivation is most likely to occur within the weak fault core.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative characterization of fracture network in large sheath-fold: field and UAV-based digital outcrop model analysis (Ligurian Alps, Italy)","authors":"Michele Perozzo ,&nbsp;Niccolò Menegoni ,&nbsp;Laura Crispini ,&nbsp;Laura Federico ,&nbsp;Silvio Seno ,&nbsp;Matteo Maino","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predictive models for the origin and distribution of tectonic fractures in regions with multiple and heterogeneous deformation events are still considered as characterized by a high degree of uncertainty. In fact, it is known that fracture networks development is dependent by many factors, such as composition, diagenesis, structural position, fold bending and changes in the tectonic stress history. However, several studies noted that the high-curvature regions of large folds often show a good correlation between the measured and theoretical geometry of the fracture sets. This paper presents a field- and digital outcrop model-based structural investigation of refolded km-scale sheath fold (Caprazoppa fold) and associated fractures host in a metamorphic carbonate sequence (Ligurian Briançonnais, Western Alps) that experienced multiple regional deformation phases. The orientation of the fracture sets along the 3D fold structure are broadly consistent with the network theoretically expected as due by the main sheath fold curvature. The subsequent, less intense ductile phase produced significant change of the structural patterns only in the schistose lithologies, whereas the more competent rocks mostly recycled the early foliations and fracture sets. Even the post-metamorphic brittle faulting/fracturing selectively reactivated the pre-existing fractures favorably oriented. We infer that, when strain is high, the strongly curved sheath folds exert a major control in the development of the fracture network, the geometry of which is preserved through the subsequent ductile/brittle deformation stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale characterization of fracture network in sub-seismic faults (Monte Capanne Pluton, Elba Island, Italy)","authors":"F. Porta,&nbsp;L.R. Berio,&nbsp;C. Cavozzi,&nbsp;F. Balsamo","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prediction of sub-seismic fault properties is a key factor to mitigate the uncertainties in reservoir modeling. The present study focuses on the geometry and origin of the NE-trending sub-seismic faults in Monte Capanne pluton (Elba Island, Italy), characterized by transtensive kinematics and developed in an interacting sector between two regional-scale faults. A detailed analysis of the fracture network (digitized fractures &gt;10,000) was conducted along and across the NE-trending faults using Digital Outcrop Model (DOM). This dataset was further integrated with field mapping at a 1:200 scale of four representative sectors. Overall, our multiscale mapping identifies three different fault-related fracture sets: (i) NE-SW-trending fractures, (ii) E-W-trending fractures, and (iii) NNW-SSE-trending fractures. Statistical analysis of fracture orientation and length in DOM reveals a heterogeneous spatial distribution of deformation in the outcrop, showing an increase in fracture density and intensity (P₁₀ and P₂₁), and connectivity (connections per branch C_B) towards the northeastern region of the outcrop, where NE-trending faults are closely spaced. A comparison between DOM-based and DOM-integrated datasets reveals that the former tends to underestimate small-scale fractures due to pixel-resolution limit (truncation effect), leading to an underestimation of across-fault damage zone width and internal fracture density and intensity. However, the proportion of connected nodes (X, Y) and connectivity (C_B) from the DOM-based dataset is consistent with topological parameters from the DOM-integrated dataset. This study highlights the necessity of a multiscale approach for fracture network characterization in sub-seismic faults, combining DOM with field mapping to develop reliable templates for reservoir analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graph-based fracture network analysis to integrate structural geology properties and identify preferential flow pathways in the aquifer system of Tsanfleuron, Swiss Alps","authors":"Ana Paula Burgoa Tanaka ,&nbsp;Philippe Renard ,&nbsp;Jefter Natan de Moraes Caldeira ,&nbsp;Celia Trunz","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graph theory has emerged as a promising method for analyzing fracture networks and complementing traditional geometrical descriptions. It emphasizes the network’s topological aspects, highlighting the importance that fractures have in enhancing permeability and influencing flow anisotropy. However, integrating different structural geology analyses in a single framework remains a challenge. We propose a graph-based fracture network analysis combining geometry, topology, kinematics, age relationships, and geomechanics to identify the most important connections within a network. We apply it to the karstic aquifer system of Tsanfleuron, in the Western Helvetic Alps domain, where fractures play a crucial role in groundwater circulation and karstification. We acquired new structural data from a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), a 3D point cloud digital outcrop model (DOM), fieldwork, and one scanline. We interpreted and measured lineaments in 1:2.500 (DEM) and measured attitudes (DOM). Verification was done in the field, adding more measurements and the kinematics. The fracture network was transformed into a graph, and measurements were stored as attributes. Four main subvertical fracture sets were identified in chronological order, for the study site: E-W (85°), NE-SW (57°), N-S (176°), and NW-SE (117°). Censored fractures were identified to unbiased length, and abutting relationships were defined for pairs of sets to define age relationships. The E-W and NE-SW are the most persistent and longer fractures through all the site. The N-S set is localized in the central area, and the set NW-SE superimposes the others. The displacement is mostly dextral for the NE-SW and E-W faults, and sinistral for the N-S and NW-SE sets. Paleo tensor analysis results in NW-SE directed maximum compression. Fractures are opened and often enlarged by dissolution. Connectivity is moderate in terms of percolation. Betweenness and percolation centralities highlight the preferential water flow towards NE, ENE, and E.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding microstructures of fault carbonate rocks with X-ray microtomography: A deep learning approach to fabric classification and analysis","authors":"Marco Voltolini ,&nbsp;Luca Smeraglia ,&nbsp;Andrea Billi ,&nbsp;Eugenio Carminati ,&nbsp;Flavio Cognigni ,&nbsp;Marco Rossi ,&nbsp;Michele Zucali","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fault zones in carbonate rocks exhibit distinct microstructural fabrics that develop different microstructures with increasing deformation, going from the outer zone towards the fault core. These fabrics can be effectively characterized using X-ray micro-computed tomography (XRμCT), a powerful imaging technique that supports a wide range of analyses, from morphometric measurements (e.g., pore size distribution, fractures orientation) to digital rock physics (i.e., virtual experiments on 3D volumes). However, the need for an automated, user-independent tool to classify these microstructures is crucial for large-scale studies. Furthermore, a fully quantitative classification of fault rock fabrics provides valuable insights into the extent and nature of deformation within these rocks. In this study, we present a deep learning-based supervised neural network designed to automate the classification of fault rock microstructures. This system offers rapid, quantitative, and scalable analysis of XRμCT data, facilitating the identification and classification of fabrics of brittle fault limestone rocks with high precision. The network was trained and validated on purpose collected datasets representing specific fabrics, then it was successfully used on different limestone fault rocks collected from the same area or obtained from the literature. The results show that the software can reliably classify fault rock fabrics affected by brittle deformation into three primary categories, each representing a distinct stage of deformation: fractured limestone, breccia, and cataclasite. The network assigns identification probabilities to each image, which can then be visualized in a ternary diagram for intuitive comparison and interpretation. This classification system streamlines fabric analysis and provides a quantitative measure of the degree of deformation within the rock. This automated classification tool paves the way for advanced studies on the anisotropic properties of fault rocks, enabling high-throughput analysis and enhancing our understanding of fault zone mechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture analysis of the lithium-bearing Cligga Head granite: Impacts on critical mineral mobilisation and fluid flow","authors":"Andrew J.M. Evans ,&nbsp;Natalie J.C. Farrell ,&nbsp;David A. Neave ,&nbsp;Margaret E. Hartley ,&nbsp;David Healy ,&nbsp;John P. Waters ,&nbsp;Tara R. McElhinney ,&nbsp;Joshua J. Shea ,&nbsp;Nico Bigaroni ,&nbsp;Simon A. Hunt","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fracture systems within low-permeability crystalline granitic rocks are critical pathways for fluid flow within these bodies. Constraining the sequence of mineralisation in fracture sets is key to effectively determining the mineral potential and exploitability of rare and critical metals within granite bodies. This study presents the results of a field fracture analysis at the greisen-bearing, lithium-rich Cligga Head granite—a satellite granitic body of the Cornubian Batholith in southwest England. Field mapping of the well-exposed granite body, younging tables and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to develop a temporal model for the evolution of fractures in the Cligga Head granite. Seven fracture sets with varying mineral infill were identified. These fractures exhibit a sequence of cross-cutting relationships that broadly correspond to regional lineament trends — associated with the Variscan Orogeny. As high-quality granite exposure in the region is limited, detailed fracture analysis of satellite granite bodies like Cligga Head provides valuable context for regional critical mineral exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boundary curvature as a first-order control on strain localization in arcuate shear zone: Insights from field observations, analogue and numerical modelling","authors":"Nandini Choudhury ,&nbsp;Suman Guha ,&nbsp;Mark D. Lindsay ,&nbsp;Atin Kumar Mitra","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Curved shear zones are common in orogenic systems, yet the role of boundary curvature in governing strain localization remains underexplored. Using the Singhbhum Shear Zone (SSZ) in eastern India as a natural analogue, we develop an integrated approach combining analytical Couette flow theory, physical analogue modelling with Newtonian viscous Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and finite element simulations. The results consistently reveal a non-monotonic velocity profile with a neutral radius where flow reverses direction, creating distinct zones of localized shear. Strain markers in the experiment deform most intensely near the inner arc and progressively less outward, mirroring field evidence from the SSZ, where high-strain mylonites and strong non-cylindrical folds transition into overprinting crenulations and open folds. This convergence between model predictions and field observations demonstrates that the boundary curvature alone, absent of mechanical or lithological heterogeneity can explain strain partitioning, flow reversal, and fold overprinting in a ductile regime. The study provides a transferable kinematic framework for interpreting curved tectonic interfaces and underscores the often-underestimated role of geometry in shaping deformation. (Words: 168)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 105557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain localization in quartzo-feldspathic mylonites from Patos shear zone revealed by EBSD data","authors":"Matheus Alves da Silva ,&nbsp;Leonardo Lagoeiro ,&nbsp;Carolina Cavalcante ,&nbsp;Paola Ferreira Barbosa","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how strain is localized and concentrated in the mid-crust is critical to geological research. Investigating the microstructure and texture of quartzo-feldspathic mylonites is essential in this context. The Patos shear zone (PSZ), stretching ∼600 km long and responsible for the deformation of the paleoproterozoic basement in the Borborema Province under varying temperature conditions, is a significant shear zone for exploration. Combining techniques, including optical and scanning electron microscopy and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) our research focused on quartzo-feldspathic mylonites to comprehend the solid-state processes responsible for strain localization within the Patos shear zone. As materials undergo uplift and deformation transition from a submagmatic to a solid-state flow, strain is concentrated within increasingly narrow zones. Our results demonstrated that after melt solidification, biotite-rich layers at temperatures exceeding 650 °C become weaker domains that accommodate strain through dislocation creep in feldspar, biotite and to a lesser extent in quartz, with the activation of prism-[c] slip system. During late reactivation, under upper greenschist/lower amphibolite facies, dislocation creep, strain-induced myrmekitization, solution-precipitation mechanisms are the dominant mechanisms for grain-size reduction in feldspar, with the resulting fine-grained matrix deforming via dislocation-accommodated and fluid-assisted grain boundary sliding (GBS). Quartz undergoes recrystallization as it transitions from grain boundary migration to subgrain rotation, with the activation of prism-&lt;a&gt; slip system. At temperatures below 450 °C, in the southern Patos shear zone, quartz ribbons experience bulging recrystallization with the activation of prism-&lt;a&gt; and rhomb&lt;a&gt; slip systems. Feldspar porphyroclasts undergo fracturing, myrmekitization and dissolution-precipitation creep. Rock rheology is controlled by fine-grained polyphase aggregates deforming via Dislocation-accommodated GBS. Finally, our study highlights the role of discontinuities during low-temperature deformation, such as the contact between rheologically contrasting layers and transgranular fractures, which serve as a precursor that led to shear zones nucleation in the northern block of the Patos shear zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismogenesis in the brittle–plastic transition zone of the Yecheon shear zone, South Korea","authors":"Jae Hoon Kim ,&nbsp;Jin-Han Ree","doi":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsg.2025.105511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates seismogenesis in the brittle–plastic transition zone of the Yecheon Shear Zone, South Korea. The NE-to NNE-striking right-lateral shear zone cuts a Mesozoic granitoid pluton in an outcrop that was investigated in this study. We focus on light green layers within granite mylonitic rocks that preserve evidence of seismic slip events and subsequent plastic deformation. Field observations and microstructural analysis reveal a complex history of brittle and plastic deformations. The light green layers, formed by frictional melting during seismic events, contain injection structures, flow textures, and euhedral to subhedral microlites with inclusions. Elevated pore-fluid pressure might have played a crucial role in initiating seismic ruptures in the brittle–plastic transition zone, forming shear band ruptures or R shear planes and implosion breccia in the releasing stepovers in shear band ruptures. We propose a seismogenic model involving fluid pressure buildup, formation of shear band ruptures, rupture propagation into the <em>C</em> foliation, and the formation and subsequent alteration of pseudotachylytes. The fine-grained nature of the altered pseudotachylytes would have promoted strain localization during interseismic periods, leading to their transformation into ultramylonite. These findings improve our understanding of earthquake nucleation processes in the brittle–plastic transition zone and highlight the importance of fluids in inducing seismic events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Geology","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}