Journal of Surgical Education最新文献

{"title":"Project IMPACT: Integrated Mentorship Program for Advancing Clinical Training: Results and Findings","authors":"Ronald Orozco MD,&nbsp;Marques Pena MD,&nbsp;Baila Maqbool MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Mentorship is a cornerstone of professional and personal development for surgical residents, providing essential guidance, support, and opportunities for growth. Despite its importance, formal mentorship programs are often lacking in surgical residencies, leading to gaps in support and increased rates of burnout among trainees. To address this need, we developed Surgery IMPACT: Integrated Mentorship Program for Advancing Clinical Training. This program aims to establish structured, productive, and empowering mentor-mentee relationships to enhance resident satisfaction, academic success, and personal well-being.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>A needs assessment survey was conducted among general surgery residents at a single academic institution to evaluate perceptions of existing mentorship opportunities. Based on the survey findings, Surgery IMPACT was designed around 4 key domains (WISE): Work-life balance and well-being, Interpersonal and communication skills/cultural competence, Scholarly advancement and career development, and Effective learning, exam preparation, and study techniques. The program was implemented over 1 academic year, and its effectiveness was assessed through a follow-up survey.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>IMPACT program evaluation revealed significant improvements in resident satisfaction with mentorship. 46% of residents met with their mentors 3 or more times, compared to 76% residents having fewer than 2 meetings prior to the program. Overall, 88% of participants reported satisfaction with their mentor-mentee relationships. Residents also reported improvements across all WISE domains, including work-life balance, communication skills, scholarly advancement, and exam preparation.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Surgery IMPACT with focus on WISE domains, is an effective mentorship model that enhances resident satisfaction and professional development. The program’s structured approach can serve as a model for other surgical residency programs seeking to implement formal mentorship initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Medical Student Exposure to Transplantation: The New York Medical College and Westchester Medical Center Transplant Education Program","authors":"Samuel A. Beber MSc ,&nbsp;Adrianus J. Ekelmans BA ,&nbsp;Harris Z. Whiteson BS ,&nbsp;Ryosuke Misawa MD ,&nbsp;Kenji Okumura MD ,&nbsp;Gregory Veillette MD ,&nbsp;Seigo Nishida MD ,&nbsp;Steven Lansman MD ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Sogawa MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Although solid-organ transplantation is standard of care in the United States, formal education for medical students on the practice is lacking. We assessed knowledge and attitudes of medical students before and after one year of involvement in a novel Transplant Education Program.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>New York Medical College and Westchester Medical Center.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>81 medical students enrolled in the Transplant Education Program (TEP) (60.5% in year 1, 34.6% year 2, 3.7% year 3, 1.2% year 4). Forty-four post-surveys were received; 28 were paired with a pre-survey.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>After 1 year, students reported significantly greater understanding of surgical techniques (p = &lt;0.001), indications/contraindications for organ transplantation (p = &lt;0.001) and long-term care/monitoring of transplant recipients (p = &lt;0.001). The average rating for the effectiveness of the program was 7.3 (1 = very poor, 10 = very strong).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>We report a novel transplant education program that significantly strengthens medical students' understanding of associated topics. With greater exposure, students may be better equipped to support transplant patients throughout their training and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence for Suturing and Knot-tying Skills Assessment: A Systematic Review","authors":"Guixuan Xin BS ,&nbsp;Wei Li MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Geyu Chen PhD ,&nbsp;Yilin Zhou MD ,&nbsp;Yusen Xiao MD ,&nbsp;Lei Fu MD ,&nbsp;Yibo Liu MD ,&nbsp;Jianming Lai MD ,&nbsp;Jing Tian MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential for surgical skill training and assessment. However, the heterogeneity of AI models for suturing and knot-tying skills assessment has limited their transformation to educational practice. Our study aimed to explore the utility of AI methods and identify potential challenges for AI-based suturing and knot-tying skills assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases from inception to June 30, 2024, for original studies that adopted AI for suturing and knot-tying skills assessment. Studies that used AI only for gesture or phase recognition, non-English language articles, reviews and conference abstracts were excluded. The data extracted consisted of study characteristics, input data, AI methods and accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-one studies with 807 participants were included. The majority of the studies (<em>n</em> = 20, 49 %) assessed both the suturing and knot-tying skills. In 27 studies (66%), kinematic data such as velocity (40.9 ± 0.9%) were employed for model training with 17 used for robotic surgery, whereas 22 studies (54%) used video data. AI models were used for simple classification in 38 studies (93%), with 26 reporting accuracy (60–100%). The convolutional neural network (CNN) demonstrated more consistent performance (91%-100%) than traditional machine learning (60%-100%). Three studies integrated physiological data with two improved performances (R² = 0.92).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CNN models trained on spatiotemporal features or multimodal data effectively assessed suturing and knot-tying skills in open, laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, with results highly consistent with traditional scoring. Future studies should focus on standardizing the input data, enhancing cross-scenario transfer, and realizing automated scoring and feedback.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Quality and Quantity of Verbal Feedback in the Operating Room: A Multi-Specialty Study in a Canadian Context","authors":"Rachael Allen MD ,&nbsp;Ingrid de Vries MEd ,&nbsp;Tianna M.M. Murray MHSc ,&nbsp;Navah Ball BMSc ,&nbsp;Natalie McGuire PhD ,&nbsp;Stephen Mann MD, MMEd ,&nbsp;Glenio B. Mizubuti MD, PHd ,&nbsp;Peter Szasz MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Boris Zevin MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate (1) the quantity and quality of verbal feedback provided to residents in surgery and anesthesiology in the operating room (OR), (2) the relationship between provided verbal feedback and assigned entrustment scores; and (3) residents’ perceptions of usefulness of verbal feedback they received in the OR for a specific entrustable professional activity (EPA).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This was a prospective observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>An academic tertiary care hospital in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Twenty residents (8 anesthesiology, 8 general surgery, 4 orthopedic surgery) and 23 attending physicians (11 anesthesiology, 9 general surgery, 3 orthopedic surgery) from Kingston Health Sciences Centre participated voluntarily. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling and no compensation was provided.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We recorded 1180 verbal feedback events across 122 hours of OR interactions for 50 attending physician-resident dyads. Verbal feedback events focused predominantly on analyzing performance (57%) and fostering learner agency (20%). Verbal feedback was rated by residents as “extremely useful” or “very useful” over 70% of the time. Verbal feedback events that addressed a greater number of FQI domains were perceived to be more useful by residents. There were no significant correlations between verbal feedback event quantity or quality and entrustment scores on EPAs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Attending physicians frequently provide residents with verbal feedback on their performance in the OR; however, the quality of this feedback is variable. Future research should focus on developing strategies to capture and utilize verbal feedback as assessment for learning within CBME.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Cardiothoracic Surgery Training Pathways: Three Decades of Evolution","authors":"Nayeem Nasher ,&nbsp;Faizaan Siddique ,&nbsp;Daler Rahimov ,&nbsp;Olugbenga Okusanya ,&nbsp;Nathaniel Evans ,&nbsp;Joseph E Bavaria ,&nbsp;Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Cardiothoracic (CT) surgery training pathways in the United States have undergone considerable changes to keep up with changing demands and interest in the field. We sought to characterize the temporal factors and trends in CT surgery training over the past 3 decades to inform prospective trainees interested in CT surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) database was leveraged for the thoracic surgery match data in the US between 1995 and 2025. Match years were categorized into Era 1 (1995-2003), Era 2 (2004-2014), and Era 3 (2015-2025), as visually informed by using a stacked area chart. Statistical analyses were performed according to distributions between eras and training pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During Era 1, fellowship applicants declined, but consistently exceeded the number of positions available, yielding 92.8% of programs filled with an applicant match rate of 80.8%. Era 2 saw a marked decline in the number of applicants, with a steady decline in available positions, resulting in 78.2% of positions filled. There was no significant difference in USMD and non-USMD applicant match rates during this period (92.6% vs 89.9%, p = 0.052). Era 3 was characterized by a rising number of applicants for CT surgery fellowship and a stable number of positions offered, with 98.2% of positions filled and a match rate of 66.0%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current trends in CT surgery training may signal the beginning of an era where CT surgery training may be equally selective regardless of the training pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Geographical Background on the Orthopedic Surgery Residency Match","authors":"Andrew H. Kim MD ,&nbsp;Kelly M. Dopke MD ,&nbsp;William G. ElNemer BS ,&nbsp;Micheal Raad MD ,&nbsp;Nathan P. Smith MD ,&nbsp;Emily Tufford BS ,&nbsp;Amiethab Aiyer MD ,&nbsp;Robert A. Gallo MD ,&nbsp;Dawn M. LaPorte MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>With the introduction of geographic preferences, orthopedic surgery residency applicants can transparently indicate their preference for geographic regions. While studies have evaluated how board scores and preference-signaling affect an applicant’s match, little research has evaluated the impact of geography. The purpose of this study was to analyze geographic trends among orthopedic surgery residents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Orthopedic surgery residency program websites were used to identify residents and their sex, hometown, undergraduate institution, and medical school attended. Residency programs, medical schools, undergraduate institutions, and hometowns were categorized into regions as defined by the AAMC’s “Geographic Preference Divisions Map.” Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to compare geographic variables and their impact on matching in certain regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 151 residency programs, 3725 residents were identified, with 98.3% (3661/3725) of residents obtaining the M.D. degree. Males comprised 78.4% (2921/3725) of all residents, with 23.6% (878/3721) matching at their home institution. Residency program region was significantly associated with a resident’s hometown (χ² = 2.1e+03, p &lt; 0.05), undergraduate institution (χ² = 1.9e+03, p &lt; 0.05), and medical school region (χ² = 5.3e+03, p &lt; 0.05). Home-institution match rates were significantly associated with geographic region (χ² = 42.5; p &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression revealed a significant increase in likelihood of matching into an orthopedic residency program based on the number of ties to the program region (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Geographic background has a significant role in an applicant’s match for orthopedic surgery residency, with home institution match rates varying significantly by geographic region. With the introduction of geographic preferences, applicants should consider their geographic background when applying into orthopedic surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Level of Evidence</h3><div>III</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Nontechnical Skills Assessment Tool and The Validation Study for Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair","authors":"Zen Naito MD ,&nbsp;Saseem Poudel MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Keita Ishido MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yo Kurashima MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yoichi M. Ito MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Satoshi Hirano MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nontechnical skills, such as situational awareness and decision-making, are essential for safe and efficient surgical performance. Although the Nontechnical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) framework provides a structured approach, it lacks procedure-specific assessment tools. There remains a significant gap in standardized methods for evaluating and training nontechnical skills in specific surgical procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop and validate a novel assessment tool, KUDAS-TAPP (Kurashima Decision-making and Situation awareness – Trans Abdominal Preperitoneal approach), specifically designed to evaluate nontechnical skills in the TAPP procedure, focusing on situational awareness and decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Design and Setting</h3><div>Under the supervision of expert hernia surgeons, we developed the KUDAS-TAPP as an assessment tool for nontechnical skills in TAPP. This tool was used to evaluate 3 groups of surgeons: novices, intermediates, and experts. Participants were assessed by 3 independent raters using the KUDAS-TAPP. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and construct validity was examined by comparing scores across experience levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 21 participants (5 novices, 10 intermediates, and 6 experts) from 11 institutions were included. The inter-rater reliability of KUDAS-TAPP was high (ICC = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) : 0.84 — 0.96), and internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.97). The median KUDAS-TAPP scores differed significantly across experience levels (p &lt; 0.01), with significant differences between novices and experts, and intermediates and experts (p &lt; 0.01). KUDAS-TAPP scores correlated strongly with the number of TAPP procedures performed (ρ = 0.73, p &lt; 0.01), as well as with Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills for Groin Hernia (GOALS-GH) (ρ = 0.88, p &lt; 0.01) and TAPP checklist scores (ρ = 0.80, p &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The KUDAS-TAPP is a reliable and valid assessment tool for evaluating situational awareness and decision-making in the TAPP procedure. Its application could enhance surgical education and training by providing a structured framework for assessing and improving nontechnical skills. Future research should explore its effectiveness in training programs and adaptability to other surgical procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Technical Skill Acquisition And Reducing Evaluation Bias Through Simulation-Based Vascular Anastomosis Training Using Blinded Video Analysis","authors":"Jorge Sulca Flores BS ,&nbsp;Kenneth Lynch PhD, APRN ,&nbsp;Carla C. Moreira MD ,&nbsp;Adena J. Osband MD ,&nbsp;Peter Soden MD ,&nbsp;Katherine MacCallum MD ,&nbsp;Thomas Carruthers MD ,&nbsp;Christina Raker ScD ,&nbsp;Ashlie Haas-Rodriguez BS ,&nbsp;Thomas Miner MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To evaluate the effectiveness of video replay in simulation-based vascular anastomosis training on technical skill acquisition, alignment between resident self-assessments and faculty evaluations, and reduction of potential evaluator bias.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>Over the course of 3 years, 31 PGY-2 general surgery residents completed a 7-week structured vascular anastomosis training program at a single academic institution. Training included simulation-based practice and video-recorded pre- and post-test performances of end-to-side anastomoses. Two independent surgical attendings reviewed blinded videos; residents conducted unblinded self-assessments. Performance was evaluated using a modified Mini-Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (MOSAT) and a Global Rating Scale (GRS), with a total score of 62. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used for statistical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Significant improvements were observed in both self-assessed and faculty assessed technical scores (p &lt; 0.0001). Residents’ self-assessments increased from a mean of 29.1 to 46.6 (p &lt; 0.0001), while attending scores rose from 29.6 to 49.9 (p &lt; 0.0001). Mean leak volume decreased by 15.3 mL (p &lt; 0.0001), while completion time showed no significant change. At baseline, no differences were found between resident and attending scores. Post-test, attendings rated resident performance significantly higher than residents did in GRS and overall scores (p = 0.024 and p = 0.033, respectively), particularly in domains such as flow of operation and instrument handling. At pre-test, attending scores rated female residents significantly higher than male residents in anastomosis (p = 0.024) and overall score (p = 0.040). Post-test, no significant gender differences were observed in any category or in overall scores (p = 0.541).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>Simulation-based vascular training using blinded video replay has been shown to improve technical skills significantly and may reduce gender-based evaluation bias. Despite access to performance footage, residents tend to underestimate their abilities compared to faculty assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency: A Time Motion Analysis Evaluating Time Allocation and Duty Hours","authors":"Alejandra Cacheiro MD ,&nbsp;Lauren A. Cadish MD, MAS ,&nbsp;Amira Zayed MS ,&nbsp;Jenny Chang MPH ,&nbsp;Felicia Lane MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our study seeks to examine the distribution of residents’ time spent across a work week and identify strategies for safely reducing nonessential tasks while maintaining necessary training experience.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>observational time-motion study.</div></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><div>single academic tertiary medical center.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Among 27 Obstetrics and Gynecology residents, 14 (51.9%) were rotating at home institution between April and June 2024 and were eligible to participate in the study. Eligible participants were shadowed by trained observers who recorded their clinical and nonclinical activities. To achieve this, training sessions were structured to include a review of the data collection tool. For all shifts, observed duty hours were compared to logged hospital hours using the MedHub system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data was collected from 14 (51.9%) residents across eight rotations. In total, 28 observation shifts were completed in their entirety, 10,948 minutes were observed, resulting in 1,002 recorded tasks. Direct care activities comprised the largest share of residents’ time (6,499 minutes, 59.4%). Documentation and administration activities were the least observed at 171 (1.6%) and 453 (4.1%) minutes, respectively. No significant differences were found between weekly hours observed and logged hours (p = 0.51).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Understanding residents’ workflow and time management is essential for evaluating potential changes in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) common program requirements. Initiatives aimed at optimizing nonclinical activities, including documentation and administrative responsibilities, may present an opportunity to alleviate residents’ workload and support feasible duty-hour adjustments without compromising education or patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Journal of Surgical Education","authors":"John R. Gimpel DO, MEd","doi":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103804","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50033,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surgical Education","volume":"83 2","pages":"Article 103804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}