Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

{"title":"American Pharmacists Association Foundation Incentive Grants: A 30-year descriptive review","authors":"Cristian Rodriquez,&nbsp;Shanna K. O'Connor,&nbsp;Emily Albers","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The American Pharmacists Association Foundation Incentive Grant program provides funding for pharmacy learners to conduct community pharmacy-based research projects. Over the 30-year period since its inception, the number of grants awarded has grown through support from the Community Pharmacy Foundation.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this project was to describe the breakdown of project topics and geographic reach of Incentive Grant–funded projects from 1994 to 2024 and summarize the number of patients or survey respondents reached.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All available reports and supporting documents for the Incentive Grant program were reviewed using the American Pharmacists Association Foundation internal database. Projects were assigned a geographical region using US Census Bureau Divisions and categorized using focus areas from grant calls-for-proposals. Project impact was evaluated by summing the number of interventions reported in final reports.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 784 projects were conducted and 551 had final reports available. Thirteen project focus areas were identified, with a majority of projects related to cardiovascular disease management (21.1%), pharmacy workflow/processes (14%), and immunizations (13.3%). Projects were conducted most frequently in the U.S. regions of South Atlantic (27.4%), East North Central (24.2%), and West North Central (14.9%). Of 398 projects with intervention-level data reported (2004–2024), 100,547 interventions were made (86,616 patients impacted and 13,931 survey respondents reached).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study serve as a summary of community pharmacy-based research over time, indicating the American Pharmacists Association Foundation Incentive Grant program has likely had a positive influence on community pharmacy-based research as evidenced by number of funded projects, geographic scope, participant impact, and breadth of project focus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 2","pages":"Article 102323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community pharmacy-based buprenorphine programs and pharmacists' roles, knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to providing buprenorphine-related services: A systematic review","authors":"Smita Rawal,&nbsp;Justine W. Welsh,&nbsp;Courtney R. Yarbrough,&nbsp;Amanda J. Abraham,&nbsp;Natalie D. Crawford,&nbsp;Jordan W. Khail,&nbsp;Ashley Chinchilla,&nbsp;Joshua Caballero,&nbsp;Lorenzo Villa Zapata,&nbsp;Henry N. Young","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Buprenorphine is an effective medication for treating opioid use disorder (OUD) and reducing opioid-related overdose deaths. Community pharmacies are key access points for buprenorphine, with pharmacists well-positioned to dispense and counsel patients on appropriate use. Recent evidence has identified pharmacists' growing engagement in buprenorphine services; yet, access to buprenorphine and related services in community pharmacies remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review aimed to investigate and synthesize evidence from existing literature on pharmacy-based buprenorphine programs for OUD, including stocking/dispensing patterns, and pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and barriers (KAB) to providing buprenorphine services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Searches were performed across 4 databases: PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Eligible articles included U.S.-based, peer-reviewed original research conducted between 2002 and 2024, focusing on pharmacy-based buprenorphine programs for OUD and community pharmacists' KAB related to buprenorphine. PRISMA guidelines were followed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Search retrieved a total of 488 articles with 38 meeting the criteria for inclusion. Community pharmacy-based buprenorphine programs for OUD included physician-pharmacist collaborative care models, established dispensing agreements, and reinforced counseling. Buprenorphine stocking/availability varied across pharmacy types, with independent pharmacies less likely to stock and dispense the medication than chain pharmacies. Pharmacists appeared to exhibit limited knowledge and a cautious willingness to dispense buprenorphine. Barriers included concerns about perceived Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) \"caps\"/investigations, wholesaler flags, diversion risks, inadequate knowledge, and insufficient communication with clinicians.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study found that community pharmacist involvement in buprenorphine programs has the potential to improve access to OUD treatment. However, wider adoption of these initiatives requires rigorous evaluation through randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies to demonstrate their effectiveness. Barriers, including perceived DEA investigations and wholesaler restrictions, may limit pharmacist engagement in providing buprenorphine. Policy reforms addressing these concerns are needed, alongside efforts to increase pharmacists' knowledge and foster better communication/collaboration between clinicians and pharmacists to enhance buprenorphine access and utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 2","pages":"Article 102319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1544-3191(25)00056-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1544-3191(25)00056-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 2","pages":"Article 102377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal health care expenditures and health-related quality of life burden in patients with osteoporosis in the United States","authors":"Prajakta P. Masurkar,&nbsp;Sanika Rege","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Osteoporosis, marked by reduced bone density, significantly impacts quality of life. Recent estimates on its economic and humanistic burden in the United States are scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the marginal burden of osteoporosis on total all-cause health care costs and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized 2019–2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data, including adults aged ≥50 years with or without osteoporosis. HRQoL was assessed using physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Descriptive analyses reported sociodemographic/clinical characteristics, healthcare expenditures, and PCS/MCS scores. A two-part model assessed the marginal effect of osteoporosis on total healthcare expenditures. Multivariable generalized linear model (GLM) estimated the marginal differences in MCS and PCS scores between the osteoporosis and nonosteoporosis groups, while multivariable linear regression assessed factors associated with HRQoL among patients with osteoporosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were approximately 2.89 million patients with osteoporosis and 25 million without osteoporosis. The marginal total health care expenditures were $8572.15 (95% CI: $6546.39–$14,597.92) higher for the osteoporosis Vs. nonosteoporosis group. Age, sex, marital status, year, and certain comorbidities were significant predictors of HRQoL among osteoporosis patients. Multivariable GLM indicated PCS scores were 6.29 units lower (95% CI: −7.08 to −4.15) and MCS scores were 4.22 units lower (95% CI: −8.34 to −3.31) among osteoporosis Vs. nonosteoporosis patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients with osteoporosis showed higher economic burden and lower HRQoL than those without, highlighting the need for policy changes and innovative approaches to improve HRQoL and reduce healthcare expenses for osteoporosis management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 2","pages":"Article 102315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to and facilitators of buprenorphine dispensing for opioid use disorder: Evidence from focus groups in Appalachian Kentucky","authors":"Douglas R. Oyler,&nbsp;Dustin K. Miracle,&nbsp;Hannah Hesener,&nbsp;Laura Stinson,&nbsp;Monica Roberts,&nbsp;Adrienne Matson,&nbsp;Patricia R. Freeman","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As efforts to increase buprenorphine prescribing continue to intensify, pharmacy dispensing plays an important role in access to essential medications for opioid use disorder. Existing survey research suggests stigma and regulatory concerns are barriers to pharmacists dispensing buprenorphine, but facilitators are less clear, as are in-depth perceptions of pharmacists regarding buprenorphine.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess barriers and facilitators to buprenorphine dispensing in Appalachian Kentucky using a series of focus groups with pharmacy employees.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between September and October 2023, 5 structured focus groups were conducted with a total of 19 pharmacists and pharmacy technicians across a mixture of high- and low-buprenorphine-dispensing counties. Investigators independently coded focus group transcriptions using a grounded theory approach to describe current dispensing practices as well as barriers to and facilitators of buprenorphine dispensing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most participants described dispensing buprenorphine, but there was substantial variation in dispensing practices. Participants identified patient-, provider-, pharmacy-, regulatory-and medication-related barriers to and patient-, provider-, pharmacy-, and regulatory-related facilitators of pharmacy dispensing. Patient- and provider-related barriers accounted for over half of barriers identified. The most common facilitators were also patient- and provider-related.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In a series of 5 focus groups with pharmacy staff in Appalachian Kentucky, the most common barriers to buprenorphine dispensing were patient and provider behaviors. Patient stories were the most common facilitators. Interventions to increase pharmacy buprenorphine dispensing should focus on addressing misperceptions regarding behavior, preferably driven by positive patient testimony.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 2","pages":"Article 102308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging PrEP access gaps: Mapping geospatial accessibility across the United States and leveraging community pharmacies for expansion","authors":"Jacinda Tran,&nbsp;Anu Mishra,&nbsp;Marita Zimmermann,&nbsp;Ryan Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is key to ending the US HIV epidemic, but uptake remains low. Federal legislation permitting community pharmacists to initiate PrEP nationwide could expand access to PrEP services.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate census tract-level geospatial access to PrEP facilities and community pharmacies across the US and characterize geographic areas and populations where community pharmacies could help bridge the gap in care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We identified census tracts with limited or no access (“deserts”) to PrEP facilities and community pharmacies in 2022 using 2 primary definitions: 1) a tract with no PrEP facilities or pharmacies within a 30-minute drive of the tract centroid; and 2) a tract with low income and low access (no PrEP facilities or pharmacies within one mile of the centroid for low vehicle access tracts, 2 miles in urban tracts, 10 miles in suburban tracts, 20 miles in rural tracts). Tracts with access were “oases,” and “PrEP desert, pharmacy oasis” tracts represented areas without PrEP facilities where community pharmacies could expand access. We characterized the social determinants of health associated with desert status and conducted sensitivity analyses exploring additional access definitions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 82,729 census tracts in our analysis, most were classified as dual PrEP and pharmacy oases. We categorized 13.3% as PrEP deserts under the 30-minute definition, and 94.3% of these tracts were pharmacy oases. Under the low income and low access definition, 17.0% of all tracts were PrEP deserts, 78.2% of which were pharmacy oases. PrEP deserts were predominantly located in the Midwest and South and associated with higher poverty, social vulnerability, and uninsurance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our analysis confirmed inequitable access to PrEP facilities across the US. Federal recognition of pharmacists as health care providers empowered to initiate PrEP nationwide has the potential to substantially bridge access gaps for underserved communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 2","pages":"Article 102274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and categorization of medication errors in a veterinary teaching hospital.","authors":"Jessica A Barazowski, Lauren R Forsythe, Alexandria E Gochenauer","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medication errors are one of the most common types of errors in health care; however, similar data are limited to veterinary institutions. Pharmacists are not always present in veterinary hospitals. Therefore, all staff members actively engaged in the dispensation of medications must be aware of the high incidence of medication errors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to quantify the amount of and assess the types of medication errors that occur frequently within a veterinary teaching hospital (including both large and small animal patients), identify the specific medications that are most often involved in these errors, and determine whether the inclusion of pharmacist chart review decreases the number of medication error incident reports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Incident reports between July 2019 and March 2023 and pharmacist chart review documents between September 2022 and March 2023 were collected and reviewed. The total number of incidents was quantified and the incidents were categorized according to the type of error and medication involved. The number of incidents was compared for the period before and after the implementation of pharmacist chart review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between July 2019 and March 2023, medication errors accounted for 66% (n = 685) of all incident reports (n = 1031), and of those medication errors, 51% (n = 351 of n = 685) were errors caused by an incorrect dose. Gabapentin, methadone, and butorphanol were the most common medications cited in medication error incident reports. Incident reports containing medication errors reduced after the implementation of pharmacist chart review from 62% (n = 352) to 48% (n = 240) (P = 0.0504).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although not statistically significant, the results of this study indicated that the inclusion of daily pharmacist chart reviews may lead to a decrease in submitted medication error incident reports, warranting further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of United States and global obstetrical pharmacy literature from 1994 to 2023.","authors":"Stephen M Small","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Federal research policy in the U.S. changed in the early 1990s to include more pregnant patients in clinical research. However, pregnancy outcomes in the United States have gradually declined over the past few decades. Little research has been conducted to characterize U.S. obstetrical pharmacy publications and compare them with global trends.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to measure the volume and types of U.S. and non-U.S. obstetrical pharmacy literature over 30 years to characterize research in this specialty. The secondary objectives included measuring trends in authorship and citations and performing a text-mining analysis of obstetrical pharmacy publications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This bibliometric analysis used the Web of Science database to identify obstetrical pharmacy documents published between 1994 and 2023 in the United States and non-U.S. countries. Articles were included if they contained obstetrical or pregnancy topics and were within the pharmacy and pharmacology research areas. Data on document types, citations, authors, and common words were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12,190 obstetrical pharmacy documents met the inclusion criteria, representing only 2.8% of global obstetrical publications. The United States had the most documents (29.6%), followed by China (10.7%), Italy (5%), the United Kingdom (3.2%), and Canada (3.2%). U.S. and non-U.S. documents increased exponentially (R² = 0.9485 and 0.979, respectively) over the 30 years. Text-mining analysis showed that both groups had common research topics and interests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacy documents represent a small proportion of obstetrical publications amidst worsening maternal outcomes in the United States. Despite the exponential growth in obstetrical publication frequency, the overall contribution from the United States is at risk of being superseded by that of China. High international collaboration and citations of U.S. documents may provide opportunities to increase future scientific production in this area and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambulatory care pharmacy specialty training","authors":"Raechel T. White,&nbsp;Kevin Cowart,&nbsp;Nicholas W. Carris","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a generative artificial intelligence accuracy in providing medication instructions from smartphone images","authors":"Yusef Yassin,&nbsp;Thien Nguyen,&nbsp;Krishna Panchal,&nbsp;Katharine Getchell,&nbsp;Timothy Aungst","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Food and Drug Administration mandates patient labeling materials like the Medication Guide (MG) and Instructions for Use (IFU) to support appropriate medication use. However, challenges such as low health literacy and difficulties navigating these materials may lead to incorrect medication usage, resulting in therapy failure or adverse outcomes. The rise of generative AI, presents an opportunity to provide scalable, personalized patient education through image recognition and text generation.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and safety of medication instructions generated by ChatGPT based on user-provided drug images, compared to the manufacturer's standard instructions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Images of 12 medications requiring multiple steps for administration were uploaded to ChatGPT's image recognition function. ChatGPT's responses were compared to the official IFU and MG using text classifiers, Count Vectorization (CountVec), and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF). The clinical accuracy was further evaluated by independent pharmacists to determine if ChatGPT responses were valid for patient instruction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ChatGPT correctly identified all medications and generated patient instructions. CountVec outperformed TF-IDF in text similarity analysis, with an average similarity score of 76%. However, clinical evaluation revealed significant gaps in the instructions, particularly for complex administration routes, where ChatGPT's guidance lacked essential details, leading to lower clinical accuracy scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While ChatGPT shows promise in generating patient-friendly medication instructions, its effectiveness varies based on the complexity of the medication. The findings underscore the need for further refinement and clinical oversight to ensure the safety and accuracy of AI-generated medical guidance, particularly for medications with complex administration processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}