Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

{"title":"Mental health in rural agricultural workers: The role of a community pharmacist","authors":"Grayson Murray,&nbsp;Melissa McKnight,&nbsp;Tyler C. Melton","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agriculture is one of the United States’ oldest occupations, dating back to before the founding of the country, when indigenous farmers maintained the land. Agriculture has since grown into an enormous industry, and with that has come financial and emotional strain impacting the mental health of those who strive to feed the world. Climate, financial, and stress-inducing conditions related to agriculture are leading causes of mental health crises in agricultural workers, putting this population at risk for suicidal ideation. With most farms being family-owned and operated in rural areas of the country, there is limited access to health care to address the mental health concerns occurring within the occupation.</div><div>Community pharmacists are ideally positioned to bridge the mental health care gap in small-town America. By obtaining training in Mental Health First Aid and becoming equipped with mental health care knowledge, community pharmacists can aid in crisis situations, refer to proper care and support systems, and aid in early intervention with the at-risk agricultural population. By doing so, community pharmacists can strengthen their role as the most accessible health care professionals and gain recognition from a population that often finds it difficult to ask for help in situations related to their mental health. This commentary provides a review of signs and symptoms of psychiatric disorders, early mental health interventions and screening tools, and mental health resources available for pharmacist use. These considerations are necessary to support and inform community pharmacy practice when serving rural agricultural communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal cancer screening knowledge among community pharmacists: A national survey","authors":"Olufeyisayo O. Odebunmi,&nbsp;Mary Wangen,&nbsp;Austin R. Waters,&nbsp;Renée M. Ferrari,&nbsp;Macary Weck Marciniak,&nbsp;Catherine Rohweder,&nbsp;Stephanie B. Wheeler ,&nbsp;Alison T. Brenner ,&nbsp;Parth D. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can reduce CRC morbidity and mortality. Community pharmacies could be a viable option for delivering home-based CRC screening tests such as fecal immunochemical tests (FITs). However, little is known about community pharmacists' knowledge about CRC screening guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We assessed community pharmacists' knowledge about CRC screening to identify education and training needs for a pharmacy-based CRC screening program.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between September 2022 and January 2023, we conducted an online national survey of community pharmacists practicing in the United States. Responders were eligible if they were currently-licensed community pharmacists and currently practiced in the United States. The survey assessed knowledge of national CRC screening guidelines, including recommended starting age, frequency of screening, different screening modalities, and follow-up care. Using multiple linear regression, we evaluated correlates of community pharmacists' level of CRC screening knowledge, defined as the total number of knowledge questions answered correctly from \"0\" (no questions correct) to \"5\" (all questions correct).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 578 eligible community pharmacists completed the survey, with a response rate of 59%. Most community pharmacists correctly answered the question about the next steps following a positive FIT (87%) and the question about where a FIT can be done (84%). A minority of community pharmacists responded correctly to questions about the age to start screening with FIT (34%) and how often a FIT should be repeated (28%). Only 5% of pharmacists answered all knowledge questions correctly. Community pharmacists answered more CRC screening knowledge questions correctly as their years in practice increased. Board-certified community pharmacists answered more CRC screening knowledge questions correctly compared to those who were not board-certified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To ensure the successful implementation of a pharmacy-based CRC screening program, community pharmacists need to be educated about CRC screening and trained to ensure comprehensive patient counseling and preventive service delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists’ perceptions of artificial intelligence: A national survey","authors":"Kyle A. Gustafson,&nbsp;Casey Rowe,&nbsp;Paul Gavaza,&nbsp;Allison Bernknopf,&nbsp;Anna Nogid,&nbsp;Alexander Hoffman,&nbsp;Ellen Jones,&nbsp;Leanne Showman,&nbsp;Victoria Miller,&nbsp;May H. Abdel Aziz,&nbsp;Damianne Brand-Eubanks,&nbsp;Duc P. Do,&nbsp;Sarah Berman,&nbsp;Angela Chu,&nbsp;Vivek Dave,&nbsp;Radhika Devraj,&nbsp;Trager D. Hintze,&nbsp;Faria Munir,&nbsp;Islam Mohamed,&nbsp;Motolani E. Ogunsanya,&nbsp;Robin Southwood","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing and evolving field impacting pharmacy research, education, and professional practice. The development and adaptation of AI technologies have the potential to radically shape the future of the pharmacy profession. However, it remains unclear how aware pharmacists are of these technologies or their perceptions regarding current and future utilization.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this study is to describe the perceptions and awareness of artificial intelligence technologies in a population of practicing pharmacists across the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 19-question electronic survey was administered via Qualtrics to assess various AI perceptions among U.S. pharmacists. The survey ran from September 5th to November 22nd, 2023 and targeted practicing pharmacists through professional organizations and publicly available email lists. Responses were analyzed for descriptive trends and demographic analysis focusing on factors predicting AI use and were categorized into sub-focuses for detailed analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1363 practicing pharmacists completed the survey. 82.5% of respondents expressed some degree of familiarity with AI software, but only 38.7% reported having used AI. Of those using AI software, the most common applications were Large Language Models (33.7%) and Image Generation (10%). 56.1% of pharmacists feel that AI will decrease the number of pharmacy jobs, and 34.9% of pharmacists express some degree of distrust of AI. Despite this, 64.1% of pharmacists feel that AI could enhance their professional effectiveness and productivity. Males appear much more likely than females to use AI (50.1% Vs. 31%, <em>P</em> &lt; .001). Younger responders also reported higher AI utilization with the highest utilization aged 23–29 (47.5%) and lowest in 60+ (25.6%, <em>P</em> &lt; .001)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Understanding pharmacists' current awareness, concerns, and perspectives on AI is crucial for navigating its potential impact on the profession including potential professional utilization, addressing concerns regarding job security, ethical considerations, and regulatory uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community pharmacists’ experiences regarding the treatment management of people with diabetes during Ramadan: A phenomenological study","authors":"Elif Ulutas Deniz,&nbsp;Ceren Ceylan,&nbsp;Hatice Seda Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Community pharmacists are often the first point of contact for patients seeking assistance in managing chronic diseases, including diabetes, owing to their accessibility. They are readily available to patients, especially in outpatient settings, and can play a vital role in ensuring safe medication use in patients with diabetes. However, published research on the role of community pharmacists in managing diabetes in patients fasting during Ramadan in Türkiye and worldwide is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to investigate the perspectives and experiences of Turkish community pharmacists in providing treatment management for people with diabetes during Ramadan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To obtain in-depth information about community pharmacists' experiences and perspectives regarding the treatment management of patients with diabetes during Ramadan, a qualitative methodology was chosen for data collection, which could not be obtained using quantitative methods. To gather the views of community pharmacists, a carefully designed semi-structured interview guide was developed to conduct the qualitative interviews. Following the transcription and translation processes, interpretive phenomenological analysis was conducted as an integral part of the data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 21 pharmacists participated in this study. Three main themes, along with their corresponding subthemes, emerged from the dataset: Advice from pharmacists to patients, challenges, and recommendations. The study revealed the professional services pharmacists provided and the barriers they encountered, and documented the recommendations they put forward regarding diabetes treatment management.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pharmacists reported providing diabetes-related services during Ramadan, such as dietary advice, medication adjustments, and dietitian referrals. However, they identified several significant challenges, including increased workload, patients' religious beliefs, and limited public awareness of their expertise. To address these, expanding pharmacists' roles, improving communication with patients and physicians, and incorporating Ramadan-specific diabetes management into pharmacy education are seen as key strategies for enhancing care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of national news coverage of semaglutide for weight loss","authors":"Michael R. Gionfriddo,&nbsp;Katelyn M. Owens,&nbsp;Hannah Banks,&nbsp;Anwitha Sherigar,&nbsp;Jordan R. Covvey","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists like semaglutide have risen significantly in use in recent years as a therapeutic option for the management of obesity. Popular media serves as an information source for many patients, and depending on the content, may influence how a patient views a particular therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the content of online/print news articles published about semaglutide for weight loss.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Online websites and databases were used to access 8 major U.S. online/print news outlets, including the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, USA Today, Fox News, CNN, ABC News, and CBS News. Sources were searched for articles focusing on semaglutide and weight loss published in 2023. Articles were excluded if they focused on: (1) type 2 diabetes, (2) company press releases, or were (3) videos or transcripts of oral broadcasts/podcasts. A random sample of articles was chosen with equitable distribution across sources. Articles were assessed for the presence of data across 9 domains and 30 different content codes, stratified by news source.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 127 articles were analyzed, split almost equally between print (n = 63) and online (n = 64) sources. The vast majority of articles were news articles/analyses (122; 96.1%). The most popular primary focus of articles were social/popular aspects of GLP-1 agonists (22; 17.3%), followed by basic medication information (20; 15.8%), harms of the medication (20; 15.8%), and benefits of the medication (17; 13.4%). Print sources were more likely to report on the cash price (55.6% Vs. 28.1%, <em>P</em> = 0.002), lack of insurance (61.9% Vs. 21.9%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and cost-effectiveness (11.1% Vs. 1.6%, <em>P</em> = 0.027) of the medication compared to online sources.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Online/print news articles regarding semaglutide for weight loss provide a variety of information about the medication, commonly focusing on social aspects of treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Take care of the patient: Pharmacists should advocate for overdose prevention centers as harm reduction","authors":"Nicole Famiglietti,&nbsp;Jeffrey Bratberg","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overdose prevention centers (OPCs) are places where people can bring previously obtained substances to use under the supervision of trained health care professionals who are prepared to intervene in the event of an overdose. Health care professionals, counselors, and peer support provide services including naloxone distribution, provision of sterile injection equipment, counseling services, referrals to necessary providers, and above all a safe and compassionate space for people to get the care they need. This is a method of harm reduction that has been used worldwide for decades and is now gaining traction in the United States. Pharmacists play a vital role in harm reduction for patients, and they should support the legalization and establishment of OPCs across the country to extend this essential service. A compelling body of evidence shows that OPCs reduce overdose deaths, emergency department visits for overdoses and wounds relating to injection drug use, and emergency medical service utilization in the area surrounding the centers. They also reduce drug use and discarded hazardous drug paraphernalia in public areas. OPCs also provide wrap-around services that aid in the holistic care of the person, including referrals to inpatient substance use treatment, detoxification, primary care, transportation, and housing. It is the responsibility of pharmacists to advocate for the needs of patients, and OPCs will provide an effective avenue for pharmacists to deliver counseling and medication management services as part of care of the individual.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing barriers to COVID-19 diagnostic testing in community pharmacies: Insights from Alabama","authors":"Nicholas P. McCormick,&nbsp;Oluchukwu M. Ezeala,&nbsp;Spencer H. Durham,&nbsp;Salisa C. Westrick","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic stressed the critical role of diagnostic testing in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. Due to their accessibility and presence in underserved areas, community pharmacies have become vital in decentralizing COVID-19 testing. Despite their potential, pharmacies face significant barriers in integrating testing services.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the provision of COVID-19 diagnostic testing across community pharmacies in Alabama and investigate how various pharmacist and pharmacy characteristics, along with perceived barriers, influence the likelihood of offering COVID-19 testing services.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting 1172 community pharmacies in Alabama. Data were collected via a mixed-mode survey from February to April 2023, achieving a response rate of 20.5% (n = 240). The primary measure was the new Pharmacist Perceived COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing Barriers, a 9-item Likert scale. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with testing provision.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 240 pharmacies, 28.3% provided COVID-19 testing. Providers were significantly more likely to be corporately-owned (61.8%, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001); they also had higher prescription volumes (median 300, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) compared to independent pharmacies. Lower perceived barriers in Organizational Logistics significantly increased the likelihood of offering testing (OR = 0.55, <em>P</em> = 0.028). In corporately-owned pharmacies, lower perceived personal exposure risk was a significant factor (OR = 0.65, <em>P</em> = 0.047), whereas independent pharmacies faced challenges related to regulatory compliance (OR = 0.35, <em>P</em> = 0.025).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights distinct barriers faced by corporately-owned and independent pharmacies. Corporately-owned pharmacies benefited from higher operational capacities but faced notable exposure concerns. Independent pharmacies, however, struggled with regulatory compliance, which impacted their testing service provision. Addressing the unique barriers different pharmacy settings face with tailored strategies is crucial for enhancing COVID-19 testing accessibility and strengthening public health efforts and pandemic preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of pharmacy-based research opportunity to enhance community testing and surveillance","authors":"Vincent J. Venditto,&nbsp;Brooke Hudspeth,&nbsp;Patricia R. Freeman,&nbsp;Lien Qasrawi,&nbsp;R. Kiplin Guy,&nbsp;Victoria H. Farley,&nbsp;Royce A. Johnson,&nbsp;Edward Freeman,&nbsp;David Henson,&nbsp;Ryan Marion,&nbsp;Sheridan B. Wagner,&nbsp;Brianna M. Doratt,&nbsp;Ilhem Messaoudi-Powers","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Approximately 89% of the US population lives within five miles of a community pharmacy, which provides a network of geographically distributed recruitment nodes for testing and surveillance of infection and disease.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Establish feasibility of Pharmacy-based Research Opportunities To Enhance Community Testing and Surveillance in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a community pharmacy setting with University of Kentucky serving as the coordinating center and research hub for sample analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two community pharmacies in Kentucky served as community-based recruitment sites to assess SARS-CoV-2 exposure through longitudinal (5 visits over 56 days) collection of nasal swabs and blood samples from subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty subjects were recruited between May 2022 and December 2023 for longitudinal sample collection. Three phases of recruitment were investigated by first establishing standard operating procedures in an urban pharmacy, then expanding recruitment at a second pharmacy in a rural setting, and finally increasing recruitment at the urban pharmacy. During the first phase of recruitment, 12 participants were recruited. Of these participants, two never scheduled a visit after the initial screening. The median time for study completion from first to last visit within this phase was 59 days (interquartile range: 56-68 days). During the second phase of recruitment, eight of nine participants completed all five visits. The median time to complete all visits was 105 days (interquartile range: 98-112 days). During the ongoing third phase, 29 subjects were recruited, and 19 participants completed all required visits and the remainder continue to schedule follow-up appointments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Community pharmacies have a significant role in promoting public health. The geographic distribution of community pharmacies makes them appealing locations for recruitment of outpatient cohorts for local surveillance of infections and chronic inflammatory conditions with opportunities for broad implementation of this project for clinical trials in underserved communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacy in 2050: To succeed, we must adapt","authors":"Spencer E. Harpe PharmD, PhD, MPH, FAPhA","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In a time of advocating for continued advancement of pharmacy practice, why advocate for less specialization?","authors":"Devin Lavender PharmD, BCPS, BCACP,&nbsp;Chelsea A. Keedy PharmD, BCACP","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}