Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacy in 2050: To succeed, we must adapt","authors":"Spencer E. Harpe PharmD, PhD, MPH, FAPhA","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In a time of advocating for continued advancement of pharmacy practice, why advocate for less specialization?","authors":"Devin Lavender PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, Chelsea A. Keedy PharmD, BCACP","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists’ answer to the COVID-19 pandemic: Contribution of the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program to COVID-19 vaccination across sociodemographic characteristics—United States","authors":"Roua El Kalach,&nbsp;Nkenge H. Jones-Jack,&nbsp;John D. Grabenstein,&nbsp;Mattie Elam,&nbsp;Abdulhakeem A. Olorukooba,&nbsp;Amee K. deMartino,&nbsp;Marley Vazquez,&nbsp;Shannon Stokley,&nbsp;Sarah A. Meyer,&nbsp;Teresa W. Wang,&nbsp;Andrew Himsel,&nbsp;Connor Medernach,&nbsp;Kendra Jenkins,&nbsp;Stacey Marovich,&nbsp;Meranda D. Bradley,&nbsp;Brian J. Manns,&nbsp;Doug Romerhausen,&nbsp;Lori B. Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Federal Retail Pharmacy Program (FRPP) integrated pharmacies as partners in the national effort to maximize vaccination during the COVID-19 public health emergency.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of pharmacies participating in FRPP to COVID-19 vaccination efforts during December 2020-September 2023 across sociodemographic groups in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data on COVID-19 vaccine doses administered reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by FRPP and jurisdictional immunization information systems of all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories were analyzed to estimate FRPP contributions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Approximately 314.9 million COVID-19 vaccine doses were administered by FRPP throughout this period, constituting 48.9% of all COVID-19 vaccine doses administered. FRPP contributions to COVID-19 vaccination ranged from 12.9% to 56.8% for persons aged 6 months–4 years and 12–17 years, respectively. FRPP made the highest contribution to administering COVID-19 doses to Non-Hispanic Asian (48.7%) and Hispanic/Latino (49.8%) persons. The proportion of COVID-19 doses given by FRPP pharmacies was found to be higher in urban areas (57%) compared with rural areas (45%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>FRPP administered a substantial proportion of COVID-19 vaccine doses in the United States and provided vaccine access for persons across a wide range of groups. Pharmacies can complement vaccination efforts during public health emergency situations and in routine vaccination programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk stratification of potential drug interactions involving common over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements by a large language model","authors":"John Kim,&nbsp;John W.R. Kincaid,&nbsp;Arya S. Rao,&nbsp;Winston Lie,&nbsp;Lanting Fuh,&nbsp;Adam B. Landman,&nbsp;Marc D. Succi","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As polypharmacy, the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and herbal supplements becomes increasingly prevalent, the potential for adverse drug-drug interactions (DDIs) poses significant challenges to patient safety and health care outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluates the capacity of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models to accurately assess DDIs involving prescription drugs (Rx) with OTC medications and herbal supplements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Leveraging a popular subscription-based tool (Lexicomp), we compared the risk ratings assigned by these models to 43 Rx-OTC and 30 Rx-herbal supplement pairs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings reveal that all models generally underperform, with accuracies below 50% and poor agreement with Lexicomp standards as measured by Cohen’s kappa. Notably, GPT-4 and GPT-4o demonstrated a modest improvement in identifying higher-risk interactions compared to GPT-3.5.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results highlight the challenges and limitations of using off-the-shelf large language models for guidance in DDI assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating transition with hope and resilience","authors":"Pamela C. Heaton BSPharm, PhD, FAPhA","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining the ambulatory care training pathway","authors":"Jean Y. Moon PharmD, BCACP,&nbsp;Sarah M. Westberg PharmD, BCPS,&nbsp;Todd D. Sorensen PharmD","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring worldwide training pathways that enable clinical pharmacy career development","authors":"Laura Moura,&nbsp;A. Costa,&nbsp;Stephane Steurbaut,&nbsp;Helder Mota Filipe,&nbsp;Silvana Leite,&nbsp;Filipa Alves da Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmaceutical education is crucial for preparing pharmacists for evolving professional practice. The clinical component of pharmaceutical education and practice has grown and improved globally, though its implementation varies. Training pathways for clinical pharmacy careers vary worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to explore training pathways enabling career development in clinical pharmacy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In-depth interviews on clinical pharmacy career development were conducted with a purposive sample of academic and practice experts from thirteen countries, selected based on a prior literature review. Interviews were recorded following participants’ consent, transcribed verbatim, thematically analyzed by one researcher, and verified by a second. Disagreements were resolved through discussion with a third researcher.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In ten of the analyzed countries, the competencies required to perform clinical activities were considered the foundation of the pharmacy profession, suggesting that undergraduate education is sufficient to perform clinical pharmacy activities.</div><div>Reported training-related success factors associated with the development of a career in clinical pharmacy included: interprofessional education, focus on the health context of each country, ensuring students’ readiness, practice site partnerships, patient-centricity and patient contact, good mentorship and preceptorship, time and work flexibility of the candidates, effective training evaluation and, financial support for training. Conversely, shortage of mentors and teachers with clinical practice experience, slow responsiveness of the regulatory environment, insufficient funding, resistance to change, and education-practice mismatch were identified as training-related constraints.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Clinical activities form the foundation of the pharmacy profession in most countries, and undergraduate education directly provides the skills to undertake these, even though optional postgraduate education may be pursued. Understanding existing training pathways, including success factors and implementation challenges, can inform the creation, development, and optimization of education for clinical pharmacy careers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142479307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on effectiveness of strategies for enhancing adverse drug reaction reporting","authors":"Niphonh Mongkhonmath,&nbsp;Phayom Sookaneknun Olson,&nbsp;Panupong Puttarak,&nbsp;Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk,&nbsp;Ratree Sawangjit","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmacovigilance is essential for patient safety, but underreporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is a global challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This review evaluated the effectiveness of strategies for enhancing ADR reporting by healthcare professionals (HCPs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review was conducted following the Cochrane and the PRISMA guidelines. Five international databases were searched from inception to December 2023 and updated search to September 2024. Randomized clinical controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs on enhancing ADR reporting were included. The primary outcomes were the number of overall ADR and high-quality ADR reports. Study quality was assessed using the Effective Practice and Organization of Care risk of bias (ROB), and ROBIN-I for RCT, and non-RCT. All data were evaluated using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> statistic and chi-squared tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1672 studies, 13 studies (10 RCTs, and 3 non-RCTs) with 28,116 participants were included. Two of 10 RCTs had low ROB while the remaining were judged as unclear and moderate ROB. Most studies were in high-income countries, and the main strategy was educating HCPs through workshops. Meta-analysis showed significant increases in overall ADR reporting through educating HCPs with a rate ratio (RR) of 5.09 (95% CI: 3.36-7.71, <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 84.5%, low certainty), and in high-quality reporting with 1.31 (95% CI: 1.09–1.58, <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.0%, moderate certainty). Subgroup analysis indicated that educating HCPs through face-to-face workshops combined with the Tawai app (RR:10.5, 95% CI: 8.74–12.61), a face-to-face workshop alone (RR:6.69, 95% CI: 5.43–8.25, <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.0%), and repeated telephone (RR:2.59, 95% CI: 1.75–3.84, <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 8.8%) significantly increased the overall number of ADR reports with moderate certainty. Email or letter communications showed no significant effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Educating HCPs via interactive strategies like face-to-face workshops with or without a mobile app and repeated phone calls improved ADR reporting. However, long-term, high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings before recommending widespread implementation in clinical practice, especially in low-and middle-income countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 2023 Washington State pharmacist workforce survey: Employment and patient care roles","authors":"Jennifer L. Bacci,&nbsp;Clayton English,&nbsp;Peggy S. Odegard,&nbsp;Andy Stergachis,&nbsp;Cyndy R. Snyder,&nbsp;Jennifer Hookstra Danielson","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The pharmacy workforce is evolving rapidly, and while national data reveal broad trends, they often overlook the impact of state-level policies on local pharmacy practice and education.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe employment status and patient care roles of pharmacists in Washington State.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey of pharmacists licensed in Washington State was conducted in June–July 2023. The survey assessed participants’ personal and professional demographics; employment status, including changes in employment status since 2020 and consideration of a change in the next 12 months; and patient care roles, including time spent in patient care roles and services provided. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We received 856 responses (10.6% response rate) and 810 responses were included in the final analysis. Participants’ median age was 43 years. Most participants were female (64%) and White (73%). Over 3-quarters of participants reported practicing in community (37%), hospital (27%), and/or ambulatory care/clinic (21%) settings. Over one-third of participants (39%) reported a job or employment change since 2020 and 17% reported they were considering a job or employment change in the next 12 months. The 5 most frequently reported patient care services were medication education or counseling (83%), medication dispensing (70%), prescribing via a collaborative drug therapy agreement or protocol (59%), medication therapy management (53%), and medication reconciliation (52%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study offers important insights into pharmacist employment and practice in Washington State. Certain trends in Washington State, particularly in pharmacist employment shifts within clinic settings and patient care roles such as prescribing and medication education, stand out when compared to national patterns. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing state-level workforce assessments to guide educational strategies and the supply of pharmacists with local needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 1","pages":"Article 102314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}