Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

{"title":"Implementing a Telemedicine-led Heart Failure Medication Regimen Optimization Clinic in Medically Underserved Heart Failure Populations.","authors":"Kazuhiko Kido, Wei Fang, Kimberly Becher, Brittany Carey, George Sokos","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suboptimal guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) management for heart failure (HF) are critical issues in rural communities. Most patients with HF in rural communities are treated in primary care settings. Multidisciplinary telemedicine-led HF medication optimization clinics were implemented to improve access to the specialty care and address health disparities in HF care in rural Appalachian areas.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The project aimed to evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary telemedicine HF medication optimization clinic on the use of GDMT in cardiology and primary care services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pilot study was a multi-center prospective cohort study over a 6-month follow-up periods. Patients aged >18 years with HFrEF or HFmrEF were included. Telemedicine visits were conducted every 2 to 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the use of all four GDMT classes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of all four GDMT was numerically higher in HF cardiology service (n=70) compared to the general cardiology cohort (n=11) at baseline (46 vs. 9%), at 1 month (55 vs. 18%), at 3 months (58 vs. 18%), and 6 months (52 vs. 18%). The individual use of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT 2 I) was also numerically higher in HF cardiology service over 6 months. In the primary care service (n=25), the use of all four GDMT agents was not significantly changed over 6 months. ARNI and beta-blocker use was numerically increased from the baseline to follow-up periods. MRA use was numerically decreased from baseline to follow-up periods. SGLT 2 I use was not significantly changed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The multidisciplinary telemedicine approach was effective in the HF service group for GDMT optimization. However, further academic detailing for primary care and general cardiology services is needed, focusing on the initiation and persistence of MRA and SGLT2I, and dose titration of GDMT agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the pharmacist role in insomnia management and care provision: A scoping review.","authors":"Mariam M Basheti, Christopher Gordon, Ronald Grunstein, Bandana Saini","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insomnia is a highly burdensome sleep disorder, with a global prevalence of approximately 30% in adults. Insomnia has negative effects on daily functioning and can play a pivotal role in the development and progression of comorbid mental and physical disease. Therefore, appropriate and timely management is essential. Pharmacists are at the forefront of the primary care workforce and given their expanding roles in care provision, would be able to alleviate the burden of insomnia in the community by delivering evidence-based management.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the current practice and potential roles of pharmacists in insomnia management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed in this scoping exercise. An extensive search of five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, IPA, CINAHL) was conducted, generating 1,057 initial results. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles were screened in a two-step process to identify relevant studies for review inclusion. Studies reporting on insomnia management by pharmacists in primary care settings were included in the review. Articles were reviewed and data extracted, analyzed, and grouped categorically based on study design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria with 5 qualitative, 8 observational and 15 interventional studies. Over a third of the studies were conducted in Australia (n=11). Insomnia management across these studies ranged from 1) screening/assessment services (n=5), 2) pharmacological and non-pharmacological care provision (n=16), and 3) sedative-hypnotic deprescribing services (n=7). It was evident that pharmacological approaches remain the most common treatment modality adopted despite guidelines recommending cognitive behavioral therapy as first-line. The results show that with adequate training and education, pharmacists have the potential to provide insomnia screening, behavioral therapy, and pharmacological deprescribing services, improving overall insomnia management in primary care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The outcomes of this review highlight a current gap in insomnia management practices carried out by pharmacists and provide evidence for expanded roles and improved care provision when pharmacists are upskilled with specialized training/education.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Opioid Therapy in Older Adults: Incidence and Risk Factors Related to Patient Characteristics and Initial Opioid Dispensed.","authors":"Iftekhar Ahmed, Alan J Zillich, Noll L Campbell, Kevin M Sowinski, David R Foster","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical benefits of long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) are not clearly known, however, LTOT is associated with various adverse outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Estimate the incidence and risk factors associated with LTOT in adults aged ≥ 65 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study using Medicare claims data. Opioid naïve older adults filling an opioid prescription between 2014-2016 were included. The outcome variable was LTOT, defined as an opioid use episode longer than 90 days and having ≥60 cumulative days of supply. Predictor variables included patient characteristics, characteristics of initial opioid dispensed, and pain conditions. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between predictors and LTOT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 162,287 participants, 10,296 (6.3%) met the definition of LTOT. Key patient characteristics associated with LTOT were age>85 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.21), >5 comorbidities (AOR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.45-1.65); history of drug use disorder (AOR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.35-1.74), alcohol use disorder (AOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54), tobacco use disorder (AOR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.23-1.40), and opioid use disorder (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.69-2.37). Characteristics of initial opioid associated with LTOT were dispensing long-acting opioids (AOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.21-2.44); concomitant use of benzodiazepines (AOR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08-1.25), gabapentinoids (AOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.47-1.67), and prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.17-1.31). Anxiety disorders were associated with 1.4-1.5 times increased odds of LTOT. Moreover, initial opioid supply of ≥ 30 days led to 11-16 times higher odds of LTOT compared to days' supply of 1-3 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Factors related to patient characteristics (age, number of comorbidities, substance use disorders, anxiety disorders) and initial opioid dispensation (duration of action, certain concomitant medications, days' supply) are associated with LTOT in older adults. Prescribers should consider these factors when prescribing opioids to elderly patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists Enhance National Security through Medical Countermeasure Program Leadership.","authors":"Alexandria VanBuren, Dakota McMurray, Alexander Eastman","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) threats and emerging infectious diseases are significant threats to public health and national security. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) plays a vital role in safeguarding the nation's borders and protecting against all threats. Pharmacists, with their expertise in medication and public health, can play a crucial role in MCM programs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aims to identify pharmacist led quality improvements and explain expanded pharmacist roles through advancing a federal MCM program.</p><p><strong>Practice description: </strong>CBP is the nation's largest law enforcement agency charged with protecting the American people and safeguarding the nation's borders.</p><p><strong>Practice innovation: </strong>Program management for MCM transitioned to the Office of the Chief Medical Officer under pharmacist leadership, better aligning the program with the agency's health security mission.</p><p><strong>Evaluation methods: </strong>Pharmacists conducted a baseline program analysis then spearheaded 5 improvements over 1 year to fill identified gaps. Pharmacist led improvements include development of a Standard Operating Procedure for accountability, SharePoint site development for inventory tracking/reporting, inventory analysis through SharePoint utilization, creation of a MCM channel in Microsoft Teams for information sharing, and establishment of a Point of Dispensing exercise schedule for readiness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pharmacist led improvements resulted in Standard Operating Procedure recognition as best practice guidance by the Department of Homeland Security, improved inventory completion rates from 0% to 99%, initiation of 29 new MCM sites protecting 3,000 additional CBP workforce and persons in custody, inventory distribution to 55 sites protecting 35,000 additional personnel and persons in custody, enrollment of 247 members to the MCM channel in Microsoft Teams, improved Point of Dispensing exercise completion from 5% to 66%, and scheduled 90 Point of Dispensing exercises.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacists play a vital role in MCM program advancement and contribute to national security efforts against CBRN threats and emerging infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialty Pharmacy Services Compared to Community-Based Pharmacy Services on HIV Viral Load.","authors":"Laura L Pedersen, Patricia Fulco, Rachel Pryor, Gonzalo Bearman","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with viral load (VL) suppression eliminate the risk of sexual transmission. Many factors including decreased ART adherence and/or medication access barriers decrease the success of treatment as an HIV prevention strategy. ART access may be enhanced with specialty pharmacy services, but the impact compared to community-based practices is variably reported.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Compare the impact of specialty vs community pharmacies on medication adherence via VL assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort medical record study investigated whether the use of specialty pharmacies compared to community-based practices significantly improves VL suppression. Patients included were enrolled in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (May 31, 2022-May 30, 2023) at an HIV/Infectious Diseases academic medical center clinic. An undetectable VL was defined as the most recent HIV VL being <50 copies/mL or suppressed as <200 copies/mL. Demographic data collected included age range, race, ethnicity and patient reported gender identity. Pharmacy type was determined via review of prescription refill history linked to the medical record.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1631 PWH were eligible,179 were excluded and 1452 were included in the analysis. 91.3% were virologically suppressed (N=1326) with an undetectable VL in 83.3% (N=1210). When adjusting for age, self-reported gender identity, race, and ethnicity, PWH using specialty pharmacy services were more likely to have a suppressed (AOR 1.469 95% CI 1.007-2.142) and undetectable VL (AOR 1.396, 95% CI 1.051-1.854), respectively, compared to the use of community-based practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of specialty compared to community-based pharmacies had a significant, yet modest association with VL suppression in PWH enrolled in Ryan White HIV/AIDS services in this single-academic medical center retrospective analysis. Further studies are needed to determine if mail order services, specifically, without specialty service support, are sufficient for high rates of virologic control.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to and Facilitators of Buprenorphine Dispensing for Opioid Use Disorder: Evidence from Focus Groups in Appalachian Kentucky.","authors":"Douglas R Oyler, Dustin K Miracle, Hannah Hesener, Laura Stinson, Monica Roberts, Adrienne Matson, Patricia R Freeman","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As efforts to increase buprenorphine prescribing continue to intensify, pharmacy dispensing plays an important role in access to essential medications for opioid use disorder. Existing survey research suggests stigma and regulatory concerns are barriers to pharmacists dispensing buprenorphine, but facilitators are less clear, as are in-depth perceptions of pharmacists regarding buprenorphine.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess barriers and facilitators to buprenorphine dispensing in Appalachian Kentucky using a series of focus groups with pharmacy employees.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between September and October 2023, five structured focus groups were conducted with a total of 19 pharmacists and pharmacy technicians across a mixture of high- and low-buprenorphine-dispensing counties. Investigators independently coded focus group transcriptions using a grounded theory approach to describe current dispensing practices as well as barriers to and facilitators of buprenorphine dispensing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants described dispensing buprenorphine, but there was substantial variation in dispensing practices. Participants identified patient-, provider-, pharmacy-, regulatory-and medication-related barriers to and patient-, provider-, pharmacy-, and regulatory-related facilitators of pharmacy dispensing. Patient- and provider-related barriers accounted for over half of barriers identified. The most common facilitators were also patient- and provider-related.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a series of 5 focus groups with pharmacy staff in Appalachian Kentucky, the most common barriers to buprenorphine dispensing were patient and provider behaviors. Patient stories were the most common facilitators. Interventions to increase pharmacy buprenorphine dispensing should focus on addressing misperceptions regarding behavior, preferably driven by positive patient testimony.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Out-of-Pocket Costs on Medications for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Ronald Watema-Lord, Feng Xie, Chiranjeev Sanyal","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The opioid epidemic is a major public health crisis in Canada and elsewhere. The increase in opioid prescriptions is a major contributor to this crisis. Medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) and overdose are effective and life saving treatments. Often, patients do not have adequate insurance coverage (or uninsured) for medications for OUD and have to pay out of pocket (OOP). OOP costs (OOPCs) result in financial burdens among patients, limiting their access to medications for OUD and overdose.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify the evidence on (i) the OOPCs of medications for OUD and overdose, and (ii) the effect of insurance coverage (or being uninsured) and corresponding OOPCs on medications for OUD initiation, retention, and discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review was conducted in accordance with methodological guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute. The literature search aimed to identify peer-reviewed publications in English in MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL, which were searched from inception to March 22, 2024. Two reviewers independently completed title, abstract, and full-text screening against inclusion criteria. Data extracted were used to describe the body of literature using descriptive and qualitative approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 2003 search results, a total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Uninsured patients have paid higher OOPCs compared to private or publicly insured patients. Among privately insured patients with OUD, greater OOPC may result in poor retention of buprenorphine. The risk of discontinuation was higher with the buprenorphine/naloxone tablet compared with the sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone film. Generic substitution or providing coverage for these medications being dispensed from community pharmacies can potentially minimize the burden of OOPCs and improve access.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The literature highlights beneficiaries of private/commercial health plans experience a substantial burden of OOPCs, creating barriers to treatment initiation, retention, and adherence to medications for OUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community pharmacists' experiences regarding the treatment management of people with diabetes during Ramadan: A phenomenological study.","authors":"Elif Ulutas Deniz, Ceren Ceylan, Hatice Seda Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community pharmacists are often the first point of contact for patients seeking assistance in managing chronic diseases, including diabetes, owing to their accessibility. They are readily available to patients, especially in outpatient settings, and can play a vital role in ensuring safe medication use in patients with diabetes. However, published research on the role of community pharmacists in managing diabetes in patients fasting during Ramadan in Türkiye and worldwide is limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the perspectives and experiences of Turkish community pharmacists in providing treatment management for people with diabetes during Ramadan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To obtain in-depth information about community pharmacists' experiences and perspectives regarding the treatment management of patients with diabetes during Ramadan, a qualitative methodology was chosen for data collection, which could not be obtained using quantitative methods. To gather the views of community pharmacists, a carefully designed semi-structured interview guide was developed to conduct the qualitative interviews. Following the transcription and translation processes, interpretive phenomenological analysis was conducted as an integral part of the data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21 pharmacists participated in this study. Three main themes, along with their corresponding subthemes, emerged from the dataset: Advice from pharmacists to patients, challenges, and recommendations. The study revealed the professional services pharmacists provided and the barriers they encountered, and documented the recommendations they put forward regarding diabetes treatment management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacists reported providing diabetes-related services during Ramadan, such as dietary advice, medication adjustments, and dietitian referrals. However, they identified several significant challenges, including increased workload, patients' religious beliefs, and limited public awareness of their expertise. To address these, expanding pharmacists' roles, improving communication with patients and physicians, and incorporating Ramadan-specific diabetes management into pharmacy education are seen as key strategies for enhancing care.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists' Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence: A National Survey.","authors":"Kyle A Gustafson, Casey Rowe, Paul Gavaza, Allison Bernknopf, Anna Nogid, Alexander Hoffman, Ellen Jones, Leanne Showman, Victoria Miller, May H Abdel Aziz, Damianne Brand-Eubanks, Duc P Do, Sarah Berman, Angela Chu, Vivek Dave, Radhika Devraj, Trager D Hintze, Faria Munir, Islam Mohamed, Motolani E Ogunsanya, Jarred Prudencio, Divita Singh, Robin Southwood","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing and evolving field impacting pharmacy research, education, and professional practice. The development and adaptation of AI technologies have the potential to radically shape the future of the pharmacy profession. However, it remains unclear how aware pharmacists are of these technologies or their perceptions regarding current and future utilization.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to describe the perceptions and awareness of artificial intelligence technologies in a population of practicing pharmacists across the US.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 19-question electronic survey was administered via Qualtrics™ to assess various AI perceptions among U.S. pharmacists. The survey ran from September 5th to November 22nd, 2023 and targeted practicing pharmacists through professional organizations and publicly available email lists. Responses were analyzed for descriptive trends and demographic analysis focusing on factors predicting AI use and were categorized into sub-focuses for detailed analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1363 practicing pharmacists completed the survey. 82.5% of respondents expressed some degree of familiarity with AI software, but only 38.7% reported having used AI. Of those using AI software, the most common applications were Large Language Models (33.7%) and Image Generation (10%). 56.1% of pharmacists feel that AI will decrease the number of pharmacy jobs, and 34.9% of pharmacists express some degree of distrust of AI. Despite this, 64.1% of pharmacists feel that AI could enhance their professional effectiveness and productivity. Males appear much more likely than females to use AI (50.1% vs 31%, p<.001). Younger responders also reported higher AI utilization with the highest utilization aged 23-29 (47.5%) and lowest in 60+ (25.6%, p<.001) CONCLUSION: Understanding pharmacists' current awareness, concerns, and perspectives on AI is crucial for navigating its potential impact on the profession including potential professional utilization, addressing concerns regarding job security, ethical considerations, and regulatory uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists' Answer to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Contribution of the Federal Retail Pharmacy Program to COVID-19 Vaccination Across Sociodemographic Characteristics- United States.","authors":"Roua R El Kalach, Nkenge H Jones-Jack, John D Grabenstein, Mattie Elam, Abdulhakeem Olorukooba, Amee K deMartino, Marley Vazquez, Shannon Stokley, Sarah A Meyer, Teresa W Wang, Andrew Himsel, Connor Medernach, Kendra Jenkins, Stacey Marovich, Meranda D Bradley, Brian J Manns, Doug Romerhausen, Lori B Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2024.102305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Federal Retail Pharmacy Program (FRPP) integrated pharmacies as partners in the national effort to maximize vaccination during the COVID-19 public health emergency.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to quantify the contribution of pharmacies participating in FRPP to COVID-19 vaccination efforts during December 2020-September 2023 across sociodemographic groups in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on COVID-19 vaccine doses administered reported to CDC by FRPP and jurisdictional immunization information systems (IIS) of all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories were analyzed to estimate FRPP contributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 314.9 million COVID-19 vaccine doses were administered by FRPP throughout this period, constituting 48.9% of all COVID-19 vaccine doses administered. FRPP contributions to COVID-19 vaccination ranged from 12.9% to 56.8% for persons aged 6 months-4 years and 12-17 years, respectively. FRPP made the highest contribution to administering COVID-19 doses to Non-Hispanic Asian (48.7%) and Hispanic/Latino (49.8%) persons. The proportion of COVID-19 doses given by FRPP pharmacies was found to be higher in urban areas (57%) compared with rural areas (45%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FRPP administered a substantial proportion of COVID-19 vaccine doses in the United States and provided vaccine access for persons across a wide range of groups. Pharmacies can complement vaccination efforts during public health emergency situations and in routine vaccination programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}