Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

{"title":"Actions of the 2025 American Pharmacists Association House of Delegates, Nashville, TN, March 21-24, 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 102456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All In. Reflections and Thanks.","authors":"Alex C. Varkey PharmD, MS, FAPhA","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102457","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 4","pages":"Article 102457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and attitudes regarding substance use disorder treatment and harm reduction practices among US pharmacists: A scoping review","authors":"Elle Pope,&nbsp;Victoria Ameral,&nbsp;Amanda Falcón,&nbsp;Jason Smith,&nbsp;Sarah J. Shoemaker-Hunt,&nbsp;Mark Bounthavong,&nbsp;Megan McCullough,&nbsp;Bo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to address substance use disorders (SUDs) and expand harm reduction services due to their accessibility and expertise in medication management. However, attitudinal and structural barriers may limit their full potential in this role.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This scoping review examines pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and engagement in SUD treatment and harm reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A scoping review was conducted using Levac et al.’s enhancement of Arksey and O'Malley's framework. A systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycInfo, Embase, ProQuest Health &amp; Medical, and ProQuest Psychology was performed on August 3, 2024, yielding 87 articles addressing pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to SUD and harm reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pharmacists generally acknowledge the efficacy of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs) in reducing opioid-related mortality but often hold stigmatizing beliefs about individuals with SUDs. While supportive of harm reduction strategies, such as naloxone distribution and needle and syringe programs, engagement varies widely. Significant gaps in education and training persist, leaving pharmacists with limited confidence and practical experience in SUD care, despite their reported familiarity with MOUDs and naloxone pharmacology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review highlights a complex interplay of support, barriers, and knowledge gaps shaping pharmacists' roles in SUD treatment and harm reduction. Targeted education, supportive policies, and interprofessional collaboration are crucial to enabling pharmacists to provide stigma-free, comprehensive care for individuals with SUDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 102462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the uptake of pharmacist recommendations from medication therapy management consults","authors":"David R. Axon,&nbsp;Becka Eckert","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Published evidence has repeatedly demonstrated the value of pharmacist-delivered Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services. However, a key challenge in maximizing the benefits of these efforts is increasing the rate at which providers accept recommendations. Evidence from recent program evaluations show pharmacists often identify and make many recommendations to patients' providers, but acceptance of these recommendations within a 1-month or 3-month follow-up timeframe is typically low, rarely exceeding 50% of recommendations accepted. Dedicated research is necessary to establish the evidence as to why pharmacists' MTM recommendations are not always addressed and to identify strategies to improve this.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 102460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of pharmacist-furnished nicotine replacement therapy among participants who smoke in California","authors":"Sara Schneider Ph.D. Postdoctoral Scholar ,&nbsp;Arturo Durazo Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Sarina Rodriguez B.A. Doctoral Student ,&nbsp;Alec M. Chan-Golston Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Tanner Wakefield B.A. Associate Specialist ,&nbsp;Deanna M. Halliday Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Darrin Tracy Pharm.D. Lecturer; Pharmacist ,&nbsp;Anna V. Song Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Dorie E. Apollonio Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objective</h3><div>California’s Central Valley has high rates of tobacco product use and low rates of access to primary care providers. In 2016, California sought to increase access to cessation treatment by allowing pharmacists to prescribe nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). We sought to identify the extent to which this prescribing authority has been integrated into practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From December 2023 to May 2024, we surveyed adult California participants (<em>n</em> = 271) who smoke about their smoking patterns, perceptions towards NRT, experiences with receiving tobacco cessation resources in pharmacies. Participants were recruited via email and in person. We analyzed participants’ smoking and quitting history, perceptions of NRT, and experiences with tobacco cessation , comparing residents of California’s Central Valley (<em>n</em> = 52) to other regions of the state (<em>n</em> = 219).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Smoking rates were comparable for respondents in the Central Valley and those residing in other regions of California, although older respondents tended to smoke more heavily. Respondents had few positive perceptions regarding NRT and expressed concerns about perceived side effects and the risk of dependency; past use of NRT was also associated with lower odds of quitting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite the low risks and high efficacy of prescription NRT for tobacco cessation, participants in our sample expressed concerns about its perceived side effects, potential for dependency, and a belief that it was not useful. Our findings suggest that additional efforts are needed to improve education about NRT, such as via pharmacist-provided tobacco cessation services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 102450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic detailing of nurses to mitigate constipation in a community living center","authors":"David Brennan Portman,&nbsp;Erin M. Kohlmeyer,&nbsp;Jennifer Doty,&nbsp;Patrik Joseph Pellegrino,&nbsp;Sandra Bright","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Constipation, difficulty in moving one's bowels, is prevalent in the geriatric population. Despite the substantial cost and potentially severe consequences, constipation is often overlooked as a trivial problem. Thus, the opportunity exists for quality improvement within health care systems.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe an interdisciplinary Lean Six Sigma quality improvement project utilizing academic detailing to enhance constipation management within a Community Living Center (CLC).</div></div><div><h3>Practice description</h3><div>Academic detailing, a form of educational outreach, was utilized to rectify a nursing knowledge deficit identified as the root cause of constipation episodes. An academic detailer utilized developed resources to deliver key messages about specific behavior changes. At the same time, robust conversation allowed the detailer to identify and address any motivations and perceived barriers. A standardized bowel protocol was also developed to improve the efficiency of constipation management.</div></div><div><h3>Practice innovation</h3><div>Academic detailing of nurses to elicit behavior change.</div></div><div><h3>Evaluation methods</h3><div>A single-group generalized least-squares interrupted time series analysis was performed to estimate the impact of the intervention on the level and slope changes before and after implementation on the number of constipation episodes. Comparisons of as-needed constipation medication administration before and after the intervention were performed using a one-way analysis of variance model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence of constipation episodes decreased by 28.4 per 1000 Bed Days of Care [BDOC] (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) between the periods. Compared to the slope before implementation, which was increasing at a monthly rate of 3.3 per 1000 BDOC (<em>P</em> = 0.008), the slope after implementation was decreasing at a monthly rate of 2.5 per 1000 BDOC (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.011). As-needed constipation medication administration was more prevalent postimplementation (35.09 vs 62.24 per 1000 BDOC; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Academic detailing decreased constipation episodes within the VA Butler Healthcare System's CLC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 102449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A digital health kiosk is acceptable, usable, and improves decisions about high-risk over-the-counter medications when used by older adults: Results of formative user testing","authors":"Jordan R. Hill,&nbsp;Himalaya Patel,&nbsp;Bailey Gardner,&nbsp;Aaron Ganci,&nbsp;Noll L. Campbell,&nbsp;Michelle A. Chui,&nbsp;Ephrem Abebe,&nbsp;Richard J. Holden","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Older adults' use of anticholinergic medications is associated with increased risks. Despite widespread use of over-the-counter (OTC) anticholinergics, interventions to decrease older adults' anticholinergic use have focused mainly on deprescribing of prescription anticholinergics, with little attention to OTC anticholinergics. Consumer-facing health technology in community pharmacy settings may decrease older adults' OTC anticholinergic use.</div></div><div><h3>Objective(s)</h3><div>Evaluate older adults' attitudes and behaviors toward a digital health intervention for increasing OTC medication safety.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 3 groups, older adult participants (total <em>N</em> = 13) were individually shown and used an information kiosk prototype during controlled usability testing. Each participant completed 3 OTC medication decision scenarios in randomized order; their decisions were recorded and deemed unsafe if an anticholinergic product was selected. Scaled-response surveys assessed perceptions of kiosk usability and acceptability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among participants given subsequent prompting after the first group of testers (<em>n</em> = 9), 100% used the kiosk to aid their OTC medication decisions. Only 5 participants (38%) used the kiosk without prompting. Initial decisions had a 37% rate of unsafe medications, whereas 4% of final decisions were unsafe, a change attributable to kiosk use. Self-reported usability and acceptability scores were high, with 85% reporting they would, given the opportunity, use the kiosk at least “a moderate amount.”</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A kiosk designed to reduce use of OTC anticholinergic medications is usable and feasible for older adults but may not initially be used. When used, kiosks and related digital solutions can lead to safer OTC medication decisions. This study is limited by its small sample size and controlled, lab-based setting. Further work is needed to examine initial attraction and sustained user engagement in real-world OTC decision scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 102451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of community pharmacist-led interventions on vitamin D levels and patient quality of life","authors":"Fernando Lopez-Carmona,&nbsp;Antonio Toro-Ruiz,&nbsp;Celia Piquer-Martinez,&nbsp;Manuel Gomez-Guzman,&nbsp;Maria Isabel Valverde-Merino,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Ferreira-Alfaya,&nbsp;Maria José Zarzuelo","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The widespread deficiency of vitamin D is a recognized public health issue. Maintaining adequate levels of this vitamin is associated with a lower risk of bone fractures, and emerging evidence suggests its preventive role in various diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate whether pharmacist-led intervention and follow-up can enhance patient adherence, improve vitamin D levels, and subsequently lead to an increase in perceived quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multicenter quasi-experimental study with nonprobabilistic sampling conducted in 10 community pharmacies. Patients were recruited by pharmacists based on symptoms of vitamin D deficiency or current use of vitamin D supplements. Monthly follow-ups were conducted through electronic messaging. Eight months after enrollment, a follow-up survey was carried out via telephone. Outcome variables included socio-demographic data, vitamin D levels, self-perceived quality of life, and physical activity. Data analysis was conducted with a significance level set at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 210 patients, the proportion adhering to the correct vitamin D intake significantly increased from 24.1% to 90.6% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) after 8 months. Prior to the intervention, only 12.6% of patients had adequate vitamin D levels, which increased to 60.3% following pharmacist intervention (from 21.69 ± 9.32 to 33.13 ± 14.16 ng/mL, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, self-perceived quality of life scores improved from 68.73 ± 18.72 to 76.80 ± 18.85, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), with 58.5% of patients reporting an improvement in their quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pharmacist-led interventions significantly improved patient habits, resulting in increased vitamin D levels. These improvements were associated with a significant increase in patients' perceived quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 102447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritizing patient value regarding pharmacy culture in a LGBTQ+-focused pharmacy","authors":"Grace Havens,&nbsp;Rebecca Lahrman,&nbsp;Jacquelyn Kissel,&nbsp;Teagan Vaughn,&nbsp;Junan Li,&nbsp;Laura E. Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) people in the United States face discrimination in their daily lives including in the health care space, and lack places to go where they feel supported, accepted, and seen. Few resources exist for community pharmacies on how to best care for this population. There is an opportunity to gather quantitative and qualitative data on recommended practices and pharmacy culture as they relate to inclusivity for all patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The primary objective of this research is to identify and prioritize pharmacy culture patients’ value at a LGBTQ + -focused community pharmacy. The secondary objective is to determine if there are differences in patient priorities between transgender (TGD) and non-transgender (non-TGD) people.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This survey was conducted at LGBTQ + -focused pharmacies in Ohio over 30 days. Participants in the survey were asked to assess the importance of 17 services offered by the pharmacies through Likert items and ranking questions. Services were split into both general and inclusive pharmacy services. Patients were given an opportunity to provide feedback on pharmacy services provided via an open response question. The survey invitation occurred at point of sale through QR code.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two hundred and seventy-three surveys were completed and eligible for inclusion. For general pharmacy services, staff helping in lowering the cost of medications was ranked highest among all groups (4.65 ± 0.66). For inclusive pharmacy services, staff using your correct name was ranked highest among all participants (4.57 ± 0.79). TGD patients prioritized access to gender neutral bathrooms and access to injection supplies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research underscores the importance of both inclusive and general pharmacy services in community pharmacies to support the wellbeing of all patients. Survey results highlight simple inclusive practices pharmacies can incorporate to improve patient experience and create inclusive spaces for all patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 102448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions and attitudes of health-related social needs program facilitators within community pharmacies: A mixed methods study","authors":"Durdana N. Iqbal,&nbsp;Christopher J. Daly,&nbsp;Jessica Anderson,&nbsp;Quyen Nguyen,&nbsp;John Croce,&nbsp;Alec Gillies,&nbsp;Renee Cadzow,&nbsp;David M. Jacobs","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Community pharmacy health-related social needs (HRSN) programs leverage pharmacy accessibility and connect patients to local resources, but the contextual factors influencing implementation are not fully understood. This study explored program facilitators' perceptions and attitudes towards implementing a HRSN program within pharmacy settings using the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This concurrent mixed methods study used a survey and focus groups with program facilitators from the Community Pharmacy Enhanced Services Network of New York, a clinically integrated network of pharmacies. We identified 15 pharmacies participating in an ongoing HRSN screening and navigation program between January and May 2023. An online survey was sent to all program facilitators, and two focus groups were conducted. Both data collection instruments were developed using the CFIR. A rapid analysis of the focus group transcripts was conducted to evaluate the qualitative data and CFIR was utilized to deductively map themes to relevant domains and constructs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants included 12 program facilitators consisting of 3 pharmacists and 9 technicians (response rate 75%). Most participants (83%) agreed that the abbreviated Community Health Worker course, focused on cultural competency and effective communication, improved their ability to engage patients about social needs. Nine (75%) participants agreed that pharmacy leadership provided sufficient time, encouragement, and equipment to support program tasks. Focus groups identified 3 major themes (training, leadership engagement, and patient engagement challenges), which encompassed 8 subthemes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Implementation success was influenced by constructs across CFIR domains, including, Access to Knowledge, Leadership Engagement, Structural Characteristics, and Complexity. Training, implementation strategies, and multilevel leadership were identified as critical enablers. Addressing staffing, workflow, and referral system challenges may enhance integration and sustainability of HRSN programs in community pharmacies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"65 5","pages":"Article 102446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}