Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

{"title":"Impact of classifying reproductive medications as controlled substances: A deep dive into the Louisiana law.","authors":"Karen Berger, Andrew S Kaplan, Cheri R Briggs, Jeffery D Evans, Malcolm J Broussard","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v Jackson's Women's Health Organization overruled Roe v Wade and eliminated the federal right to an abortion. This left the regulation of abortion to the states and opened new avenues for state legislatures to modify abortion access. In one such example, the Louisiana legislature passed a law which designated misoprostol and mifepristone, two reproductive medications that are used for abortion, as controlled substances. This article describes the implications of classifying reproductive medications as controlled substances. The impacts of such a designation may impede patient access, delay care, affect privacy, and impose logistical burdens on healthcare systems. Education and advocacy to prevent undue burden is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Work Activities for Pharmacists in Community Pharmacy Settings.","authors":"Courtney V Schenkelberg, Brianne K Bakken, Vibhuti Arya, Caroline A Gaither, David H Kreling, David A Mott, Jon C Schommer, Matthew J Witry, William R Doucette","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To meet the demands of patients and communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, community pharmacists expanded their time spent in various work activities. It is unknown how community pharmacists are spending their workday in practice activities after the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The specific objectives of this project were to describe the time community pharmacists are spending in work activities and their perceptions of this time decreasing, increasing or not changing. Also, the proportion of services delivered with an appointment was described, along with pharmacists' satisfaction with their time spent in these work activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 2022 National Pharmacy Workforce Study (NPWS) was conducted via an online survey sent to a random sample of 93,990 licensed U.S. pharmacists. The survey allowed customization of questions based on pharmacy practice setting. Community pharmacists were asked to report the percent of time spent, the number of hours in a week spent, the change in time spent since March 2020, the use of appointments, and satisfaction with time spent in work activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Usable responses were gathered from 1,971 community pharmacists. Over 75% of respondents reported an increase in time spent administering vaccines and about 90% of respondents reported the use of appointments when administering vaccines. Respondents also reported spending a significant amount of time providing advisory services (e.g., assisting with insurance) with at least 35% of respondents reporting time spent in these services increased. Lower satisfaction with time spent in work activities was found among respondents who reported working in large chains, mass merchandisers or grocery chains compared to those working in independents/small chains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Community pharmacists are increasing time spent in some work activities, such as vaccinations and advisory services, added to their normal workflow. Low satisfaction with time spent in work activities is a concern in some community pharmacy settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"After the Storm: Reflections on Interprofessional Collaboration after Hurricane Helene in Western North Carolina.","authors":"Mollie Ashe Scott, Olivia Caron","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102420","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional look at rural pharmacists' perceptions on implementing a depression screening service in their pharmacies: A brief report.","authors":"Brandy Davis, Salisa C Westrick, Cherry Jackson, Chiahung Chou, Lindsey Hohmann, Kimberly Garza","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rural areas are in desperate need of access to mental healthcare. Rural pharmacists can begin to fill these gaps by offering depression screening services. However, despite evidence suggesting improved patient outcomes and positive reception to pharmacist led depression screening services, implementation has remained low. Research on barriers towards implementing depression screening services and preferred implementation strategies is necessary to increase implementation of this service.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigate barriers/facilitators and preferred implementation strategies to implementing a depression screening service in rural pharmacies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory cross-sectional survey was conducted electronically amongst rural pharmacists in Alabama and Mississippi. The survey was developed and pre-tested with a stakeholder panel to identify rural pharmacist confidence, barriers/facilitators, stigma towards patients with mental health conditions, and preferred implementation strategies towards implementing a depression screening service. Likert-type questions from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), a rank-choice question, and open-ended questions were used. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed descriptively, with qualitative data also analyzed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 84 rural pharmacists participated in the study. Confidence towards performing depression screenings and using a depression screening tool (the PHQ-9) was low with a mean of 2.5 [SD=1.1] and 2.0 [SD=0.9] out of 5, respectively. The most strongly endorsed and highest ranked barrier was lack of time. Every implementation strategy was scored primarily as \"helpful\" or \"very helpful.\" The most cited qualitative theme was financial concerns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacists have low confidence in performing a depression screening service and several structural barriers such as time and financial concerns. Future research should perform cost benefit analyses of implemented depression screening services and assess whether training programs improve confidence towards offering these advanced care services.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial threats and opportunities experienced by rural community pharmacies.","authors":"Meagen Rosenthal, Delesha Carpenter, Tyler C Melton, Megan Smith, Jordan Ballou, Stephanie Kiser, Abby Gamble","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cost of prescription medications is a significant health expenditure in the United States. Recent efforts to curtail these costs may have unintended consequences for patients in rural communities and the rural community pharmacies that serve them.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this project was to understand the financial threats and opportunities facing practicing rural community pharmacists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional online survey comprising two key measures, financial threats and practice opportunity. Each of these measures were captured using both quantitative and qualitative data. The sampling frame included current members of a rural community pharmacy practice-based research network. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Sub-group analyses examined differences by pharmacy rurality (highly rural and less rural) and pharmacy type (independent vs other). Qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four rural community pharmacies responded. The most concerning financial threats included: predatory health insurance, lower point of sale reimbursements for Medicare PartD medications, prescription discount cards, inadequate reimbursement for prescription fills, and Direct and Indirect Remuneration (DIR) fees. More highly rural pharmacies were also less likely to provide asthma and heart failure management, annual wellness visits, and travel medicine services. Independent pharmacies were less likely to provide travel medicine services than other pharmacy types. The top practice opportunities for expansion included point of care testing and diabetes self-management education and support programing. Qualitative data analyses yielded two themes: financial threats and the impact of efforts to reduce effects on patients and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prescription drugs are a costly but necessary feature of healthcare. While efforts to minimize these costs are needed, it is important that these efforts do not negatively impact patient outcomes. Rural community pharmacists identified several key financial threats and connected those threats to negative impacts on patients' ability to access quality care.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the educational needs of pharmacists engaging in professional development: A global systematic review.","authors":"Yalin Ozucelik, Jack C Collins, Jessica Pace","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pharmacy profession has encountered significant change to its scope of practice over the last two decades. Globally, this has precipitated a need for pharmacy governing bodies to update professional development frameworks and support structures to meet the challenge of future-proofing the pharmacy workforce. It is essential to determine the educational needs of pharmacists to ensure this challenge is met.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To review the literature identifying the educational needs of pharmacists engaging in professional development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was undertaken in MEDLINE, Embase, IPA and ERIC using a search strategy constructed from the concepts \"pharmacists\", \"continuing education/continuing professional development\" and \"priorities, interests and preferences\" to identify relevant literature published between January 2004 and March 2025. Results were screened against eligibility criteria and data from the retrieved records were extracted into a table, appraised for quality, and synthesized narratively. This review is reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four studies were identified for inclusion that utilized either quantitative (n=18), qualitative (n=9) or mixed method (n=7) study designs. The majority of all the studies (n=21) included pharmacists from more than one practice setting. Three key domains of need were identified: priority topics for education, which included disease management, pharmacotherapy and clinical/interpersonal skills; the need for reinforcement of learning, such as through assessments, feedback, and peer-sharing; and the need for support across all levels of governance to achieve successful engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The needs-based education necessary to accommodate rapidly changing practice is lacking. The identification of needs is, therefore, essential. This review identified commonalities of need across jurisdictions, and essential areas of focus for regulators included the promotion of skill learning over simple knowledge acquisition, strategies to reinforce this learning, and the implementation of adequate and targeted support.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative literature review: Community pharmacy technician well-being and its implications.","authors":"Grace Fick, Johnson Osei, Sodam Kim, Tara Hensle, Taylor L Watterson","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmacy technicians are integral to the day-to-day operations of community pharmacies, and their well-being directly influences workplace efficiency, safety, and overall patient outcomes. However, the expanding scope of their roles, without adequate support and increasing workplace pressures, impose significant psychological and physical demands.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This literature review aims to investigate the well-being of community pharmacy technicians and identify organizational strategies that foster supportive work environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Surgeon General's Framework for Workplace Mental Health and Well-Being was used as the conceptual and organizational framework supporting this review. Article inclusion criteria focused on community pharmacy technician well-being, job satisfaction, and work environment; as well as implemented or hypothetical interventions for improving job satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings were structured around the framework's five interconnected themes: Protection from Harm, Connection & Community, Opportunity for Growth, Mattering at Work, and Work-Life Harmony. Highlighted solutions include enhancing leadership support, fostering more collaborative work environments, clear role definitions, expanded career advancement opportunities, and increased professional recognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is imperative that community pharmacy organizations and leadership move beyond recognition of well-being issues and take proactive steps to create supportive, inclusive, and resilient work environments. Future research must address the significant gap between the theoretical models of well-being interventions and their practical application in community pharmacies, especially for technicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State Policies on Pharmacist-Initiated PREP and PREP USAGE.","authors":"Taylor Le, Thomas Kelly","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To increase access and use of PrEP, medications which serve as an effective prophylaxis for HIV, several US states have permitted pharmacists to provide PrEP to patients independent from other providers. States have implemented this policy either by allowing pharmacists to serve as stop-gap providers by prescribing PrEP to patients for a limited duration, or by allowing pharmacists to fully provide these medications to patients without a time limitation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study tested whether the introduction of these policies is associated with increased PrEP usage and whether any such effects on PrEP usage differed by whether pharmacists were authorized to prescribe PrEP for a limited or unlimited duration. This study tested whether both policy types were effective, neither, or a single policy type was effective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The introduction of these policies is analyzed using a time-series cross-sectional regression model across all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. The dependent variable was PrEP use per 100,000 state residents and the independent variables were the presence of specific pharmacist PrEP policies. State-level fixed effects were controlled for as were state-specific and national time trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Allowing pharmacists to provide PrEP without time limitation is associated with an increase of PrEP of 25 users per 100,000 population, equivalent to 14% of the mean PrEP usage rate in 2023. Allowing pharmacists to serve as temporary providers of PREP is not associated with any increase in PrEP usage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Allowing pharmacists to initiate the use of PrEP may be an effective way to promote the use of PrEP and achieve public health goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Perceptions of Pharmacist-Provided Tobacco Treatment at a Federally Qualified Health Center.","authors":"Jacob Zanolla, Nervana Elkhadragy, Katy Ellis Hilts, Robin L Corelli, Karen Suchanek Hudmon","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable death and disease in the US. Pharmacists, due to their accessibility and expertise, are well-positioned to provide tobacco treatment, particularly in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to characterize patient perceptions of pharmacist-delivered tobacco treatment services, with medication prescribing, within an FQHC setting in Indiana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Applying a qualitative approach, guided by the SERVQUAL and 5 Rights of Clinical Decision Support models, semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients who had recently completed follow-up appointments after receiving pharmacist-provided tobacco treatment services. The interviews assessed service quality, appropriateness, and patient satisfaction. Participants were connected to the pharmacist-delivered tobacco treatment services either through self-identification of interest at intake or through a referral from their primary care provider. Pharmacists utilized the 5 A's approach (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) to guide the intervention, which included the provision of behavioral counseling and prescribing tobacco treatment medications, when appropriate. Follow-up appointments were scheduled within 14 days of the initial counseling to assess progress and adjust treatment plans. Qualitative data were analyzed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interviews were conducted with 15 patients. Identified themes included satisfaction with the service, the inclusion of patients in treatment decisions, pharmacists' commitment to patient success, and the appropriateness of medication counseling and follow-up care. Results indicated high levels of patient satisfaction and perceived value in the pharmacist-provided services. Participants appreciated the personalized care and accessibility of pharmacists.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights patient perceptions of the effectiveness of pharmacist-led tobacco treatment services and provides insights for refinement of services to better meet patient needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitation influence on community pharmacy practice transformation in the Flip the Pharmacy program.","authors":"Arwa A Al-Khatib, William R Doucette","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2025.102416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Flip the Pharmacy (FtP) program utilized hands-on facilitation to help CPESN®-participating community pharmacies transform their practices. There are limited data on the characteristics of successful facilitation as well as the factors that influence transformation. The objectives of this research were to: (1) evaluate practice transformation in a sample of FtP program participating pharmacies, (2) analyze the association between facilitation activities and practice transformation components, and (3) identify factors for successful facilitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional mixed-mode survey was administered to FtP program Cohorts 1 and 2 participating pharmacies (n=809). The survey consisted of five main sections: (1) practice transformation using five work components of the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model; (2) questions on the facilitator's strategy, activities, and tools (3) overall practice transformation (4) demographics (5) pharmacy characteristics. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and linear regressions on: (1) perceived overall practice transformation regressed on facilitation strategy, tools, and activities, and (2) within SEIPS components, practice transformation regressed on its correspondent facilitation activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceived overall practice transformation was positively associated with coaching facilitation strategy (β =0.365, p<0.01), facilitation tools (β =0.37, p<0.01), and staffing (β =0.193, p<0.01). Cohort 1 had a higher perceived overall practice transformation vs. cohort 2. The facilitator's activities and facilitation tools were significant predictors for practice transformation in different work system components: Building capacity activity, Human Resources facilitation activity, Workflow design facilitation activity, Workspace facilitation activity, and IT use facilitation activity, with a standardized betas of (β =0.33, 0.25, 0.32, 0.31 ,0.22, P<0.01 ) respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The facilitator's coaching strategy and activities positively impacted practice transformation. It was also found that facilitation tools are key components to better engage pharmacists in practice transformation. Finally, the utilization of SEIPS work system components presented a holistic evaluation tool of practice transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":" ","pages":"102416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}