Journal of the American Pharmacists Association最新文献

{"title":"A unifying vision for pharmacy: Defining professional identity through stakeholder perspectives","authors":"Denise H. Rhoney,&nbsp;Kimberly K. Daugherty,&nbsp;Aleda M.H. Chen,&nbsp;Mariann Churchwell,&nbsp;Stephanie Sibicky,&nbsp;Krisy-Ann Thornby,&nbsp;Nicholas R. Nelson,&nbsp;Erika L. Kleppinger,&nbsp;Dennis Parker,&nbsp;Kelly R. Ragucci,&nbsp;Cindy D. Stowe PharmD,&nbsp;Tina P. Brock","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Amid evolving health care demands, pharmacy faces a critical identity inflection point that requires a cohesive vision.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to define a cohesive, stakeholder-informed vision for the U.S. pharmacist's societal role by analyzing perceptions from across education, practice, and policy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study applied a multimethod qualitative design guided by constructivist epistemology incorporating thematic analysis, metaphor discourse analysis, force field mapping, and analysis of alignment with national forecast reports. Data were collected from 27 focus groups and 8 individual interviews with 148 participants representing 8 stakeholder categories.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From these themes, five metaphorical roles emerged, medication safety and optimization; access and equity in health care; chronic disease management; health promotion and preventative services; and patient education, counseling, and advocacy, highlighting broad agreement on pharmacists' contributions. Five metaphorical roles, safety net, steward, coach, navigator, and advocate, reflected a multidimensional professional identity. Force field analysis demonstrated a balance between driving forces, such as accessibility, medication safety, and public health leadership, and restraining forces, including lack of provider status, regulatory variation, and workforce instability. Comparative analysis showed strong alignment with national pharmacy forecasts, though gaps emerged in areas such as digital readiness, economic literacy, and global practice models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides an empirically grounded framework to inform a unifying vision for pharmacy's future. Stakeholder insights reinforce the need for education reform, policy realignment, and narrative clarity to reposition pharmacists as essential contributors to health-system transformation. By embracing a hybrid identity and dismantling structural barriers, the profession can fulfill its societal mandate in safety, accessibility, and care innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists' propensity to trust automated technologies: A demographic analysis","authors":"Megan Whitaker,&nbsp;Brigid Rowell,&nbsp;Jin Yong Kim,&nbsp;Raed Al Kontar,&nbsp;X. Jessie Yang,&nbsp;Corey A. Lester","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI), in conjunction with automated technologies, is being deployed in pharmacies. Little research has been published regarding pharmacists' general willingness to trust AI. Understanding pharmacists' propensity to trust (PTT) AI may help guide the successful implementation and adoption of AI tools.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective is to assess pharmacists' PTT AI with automated technology and identify factors that may influence this tendency.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>As part of a larger study, licensed pharmacists completed a demographics survey and the PTT survey before testing AI advice on medication fills. The PTT survey consisted of 6 statements about AI and pharmacists indicated their level of agreement using a 5-point Likert scale, with higher numbers indicating more agreement. Summary statistics, Kruskal-Wallis tests, linear regressions, and confidence intervals were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-nine pharmacists completed the surveys. The mean pharmacist age was 38.1 years and the median PTT score was 3.83 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Age was a statistically significant predictor of PTT (β = 0.02, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, and R² = 0.11). Linear regressions yielded statistically significant results for age and the work experience category of 21 or more years. No significant differences were found between the PTT scores and gender, ethnicity, race, or pharmacy setting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Older and more experienced pharmacists had higher PTT scores. Exposure to AI tools during pharmacy education may help younger pharmacists optimize their PTT AI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the APhA Foundation Incentive Grants Program: Perceptions from residency program","authors":"Emily Albers,&nbsp;Shanna K. O'Connor,&nbsp;Cristian Rodriquez","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The American Pharmacists Association (APhA) Foundation Incentive Grants Program provides financial support for practice-based research projects designed to enhance the health outcomes of patients. Incentive grants have been a staiting point for many pharmacists, residents, and students to develop a passion for innovative patient care.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate residency program directors' (RPDs) perception of the Incentive Grants Program, the perceived value of program facilitation, and impact of the program on practice sites.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>RPDs from Incentive Grant-funded programs participated in a 16-item survey and follow-up focus groups where they responded to questions related to their programs, their residents, program-related publications, impact of the program, and perceptions of the program and experience.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-five RPDs completed the survey and 9 participated in focus groups. Findings included that 95.7% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the Incentive Grants program is valuable to community-based practice, and agreement that residents benefit from Incentive Grants. Some areas of improvement for the Incentive Grants program were identified, including a need to refine the scoring rubric for applications to more heavily weigh feasibility, communication from APhA foundation coordinators to RPDs and residents, and expectations related to publications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Incentive Grants program is positively perceived by RPDs and can be improved by streamlining communication and administration of the program. The program-funded projects are valuable to community-based practice and the grants themselves may benefit trainees more than broadly impacting practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145992997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1544-3191(26)00043-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1544-3191(26)00043-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147702465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association reviewers—2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147702466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosing impact of cefepime and meropenem on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic cellulitis: A case report","authors":"Xiaofeng Botner","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To describe a case of treatment failure and emergent resistance due to suboptimal antibiotic dosing and demonstrate a practical strategy for optimizing dosing to achieve treatment efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Case summary</h3><div>We report a woman in her 90s with no history of renal disease but with low weight and height. She was treated with a renally adjusted dose of cefepime for cellulitis caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</em> with a minimum inhibitory concentration at the susceptibility borderline. One month later, she was re-admitted for cefepime-resistant <em>P. aeruginosa</em> cellulitis and therapy was switched to meropenem. The meropenem dose was optimized by evaluating both the creatinine clearance (CrCl) calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation and the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). This approach led to a successful treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Practice implications</h3><div>This case highlights the challenge of dosing antibiotics in the elderly population for MDR bacteria, where high doses are often required. To prevent treatment failure and the emergence of resistance from suboptimal dosing, we recommend evaluating renal function using MDRD eGFR in addition to CrCl, when a significant discrepancy exists between the 2 values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of community pharmacist-administered injectable naltrexone for drug treatment court participants: Results from a pilot study","authors":"Jason S. Chladek,&nbsp;Aaron M. Gilson,&nbsp;Michele Gassman,&nbsp;James H. Ford II","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2026.103029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Drug treatment courts (DTCs) are designed to reduce relapse and recidivism among individuals with substance use issues, including opioid use disorder (OUD). Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are part of the gold standard for OUD treatment. Most drug courts, including adult courts, authorize the use of MOUD for program participants. However, the overall percentage of individuals receiving MOUD remains low.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Explore if Wisconsin DTCs collaborate with community pharmacists to administer injectable naltrexone, as well as perceptions, barriers, and advantages of these collaborations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 21-item survey was administered to Wisconsin Treatment Court coordinators to understand the use of injectable naltrexone for OUD among program participants. Respondents were invited to participate in an unstructured focus group following survey completion. Subsequently, community pharmacists were recruited for an interview panel. The focus group and interview panel purpose was to understand perspectives related to a bi-directional collaboration to provide injectable naltrexone for program participants. Descriptive statistics and an inductive thematic analysis summarized study findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 20 respondents completed the survey. Three of the 4 DTCs providing MOUD report administering injectable naltrexone to participants and awareness that pharmacists can administer injectable naltrexone. However, only one had directly worked with a pharmacist. Two treatment court coordinators participated in the focus group, and 4 community pharmacists participated in the interview panel. Emergent themes included lack of awareness and concerns regarding community pharmacy services and potential advantages of and barriers to community pharmacist-administered injectable naltrexone.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Community pharmacist-administered injectable naltrexone is not widely used within Wisconsin DTCs. However, treatment court coordinators and community pharmacists acknowledged the potential benefits of community pharmacy involvement to administer injectable naltrexone. Future research should expand on these findings and explore ways to increase knowledge and awareness of injectable naltrexone and community pharmacist-provided services and address barriers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146032579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacist's role in addressing barriers to continuous glucose monitoring within underserved communities","authors":"Christ Ange K. Cellino ,&nbsp;En-Ling Chen ,&nbsp;Julia Pawelek,&nbsp;Chris J. Daly,&nbsp;David M. Jacobs,&nbsp;Gina M. Prescott","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has transformed diabetes care by enabling real-time tracking of glucose levels, improving glycemic control, reducing hypoglycemia, and enhancing quality of life. Despite their clinical benefits, CGM adoption remains inequitable, with underserved populations facing barriers such as low digital and health literacy, financial hardship, limited provider engagement, and fragmented healthcare system infrastructure. Pharmacists, trusted and accessible providers embedded within communities, have emerged as key collaborators for CGM use through patient education, data interpretation, and treatment optimization. Evidence from community-based settings demonstrates that pharmacist-led CGM interventions are associated with significant reductions in HbA1c, improvements in time-in-range, and enhanced patient engagement, although studies focusing specifically on underserved populations remain limited. Persistent barriers at patient, provider, and system levels must be addressed to achieve equitable CGM system access, including challenges related to cost, digital access or literacy, language barriers, health care professional training and patient education. By advancing pharmacist-led CGM initiatives tailored to the social and cultural needs of underserved populations, there is an opportunity to reduce disparities in CGM utilization and improve diabetes outcomes. This commentary highlights current evidence, identifies gaps, and issues a call to action for expanding pharmacist-led CGM programs in high need populations as a critical step toward promoting health equity in diabetes management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating trauma-informed care into ambulatory settings: A practical approach","authors":"Casey Gallimore,&nbsp;K. Ashley Garling","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.102946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Outpatient pharmacy settings, such as ambulatory care clinics, serve patients by addressing their medical needs and providing longitudinal pharmacy health care services within their communities. In the United States, approximately 83% of people have experienced a traumatic event in their lifetime, and these exposures can significantly impact their long-term health outcomes. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is an approach to health care that recognizes and responds to the impact of trauma on individuals in ways that promote healing and recovery and avoid re-traumatization.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This article aims to guide ambulatory care pharmacists on implementing trauma-informed care (TIC) to improve patient outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This guidance includes how to recognize signs and symptoms of trauma, navigate trauma disclosures, build trust with survivors through trauma-informed communication, and report abuse in a pharmacy ambulatory care setting, highlighting the crucial role of pharmacists in this process.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Trauma-informed practices and care in ambulatory settings are not just important but essential due to the ongoing nature of care and the management of chronic health conditions in patients who have experienced trauma, underscoring the significance of pharmacists' roles in patient care. Although the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has outlined TIC approaches, there is a gap in training within the Doctor of Pharmacy program and a lack of published literature on using TIC in specific settings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The effective use of TIC in ambulatory care settings can significantly improve patient care and, ultimately, patient health outcomes, making pharmacists an integral part of the health care process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 102946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methemoglobinemia induced by dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, and rifampin combination for post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome: A case report","authors":"Jarett Worden,&nbsp;Tyler Baumeister,&nbsp;Sarah Stogner,&nbsp;Nancy Henin,&nbsp;Rebecca A. Stern","doi":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japh.2025.103009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A patient presented to the emergency department with drug-induced methemoglobinemia due to a combination of medications prescribed for post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). This case highlights the potential risks of dapsone, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and rifampin for the management of PTLDS.</div></div><div><h3>Case summary</h3><div>A 62-year-old female presented to the hospital with shortness of breath and low oxygen saturation. Past medical history included a diagnosis of PTLDS, for which she was prescribed a combination of dapsone, HCQ, doxycycline, rifampin, and ivermectin at home. The patient had an oxygen saturation of 88% on room air but was otherwise clinically stable. Arterial blood gas was obtained and demonstrated an elevated methemoglobin level (11.2%). Analysis of peripheral blood smear revealed oxidative hemolysis, indicating medication-induced methemoglobinemia. Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) testing was ordered to assess for G6PD deficiency, as this is a known risk factor for methemoglobinemia and had not previously been evaluated for this patient. Testing did not demonstrate a G6PD deficiency for this patient. A negative Lyme total antibody test confirmed no active infection. Both dapsone and HCQ are known to induce methemoglobinemia and the addition of rifampin may enhance this effect. Patient improved on supplemental oxygen, ascorbic acid, and discontinuation of dapsone, HCQ, ivermectin, doxycycline, and rifampin therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Practice implications</h3><div>There is no strong evidence for any anti-infectives used for the treatment of PTLDS, with either short- or long-term use. Dapsone and HCQ can each cause methemoglobinemia. That effect may be increased when used together, especially in combination with rifampin. Appropriate risk assessment and monitoring should be considered when utilizing this combination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50015,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","volume":"66 2","pages":"Article 103009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}