Journal of the History of the Neurosciences最新文献_第6页

Charcot's contribution to the problem of language in mental medicine. 沙尔科对精神医学语言问题的贡献。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2365573

Camille Jaccard

{"title":"Charcot's contribution to the problem of language in mental medicine.","authors":"Camille Jaccard","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2365573","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2365573","url":null,"abstract":"Jean-Martin Charcot's 1883 lectures on aphasia at the Salpêtrière Hospital were seen as the starting point for the development of a psychology in the work of the famous neurologist. In his lectures, Charcot set out a theory of language function at the cerebral level, distinguishing between the different centers involved in speech production and those necessary for reading. His lectures, which also postulated the independence of ideas from words, were to resonate beyond aphasia specialists, and particularly with alienists. To document this dimension of the reception of neurology in the field of psychiatry, this article refers to Jules Séglas's synthesis on Les troubles du langage chez les aliénés, published in 1892, which summarized the knowledge acquired during the nineteenth century about modifications of expression in madness and whose original ideas were to mark the psychiatric semiology of the early-twentieth century. The analysis details how Séglas cited and adapted Charcot's conceptions to explain the production of incomprehensible speech in idiocy and the formation of hallucinations, thus contributing to the spread of the neurologist's model among his fellow alienists.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141601996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charcot and the psychology of hysteria, with special reference to a never published final case history. 沙尔科与癔病心理学，特别是从未发表过的最终病例。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2353000

Toby Gelfand

{"title":"Charcot and the psychology of hysteria, with special reference to a never published final case history.","authors":"Toby Gelfand","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2353000","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2353000","url":null,"abstract":"Jean-Martin Charcot is perhaps best remembered for his contributions to organic neurology. However, his pursuit of hysteria, the most prevalent diagnosis in his hospital clinic, yielded no anatomical lesion to account for hysteria's plethora of somatic disorders assumed due to a purely functional or dynamic lesion in the cerebral cortex. This led Charcot to turn his attention to the psychology of hysteria. Taking advantage of institutional reforms at the Salpêtrière-notably, the establishment of his professorship in nervous diseases-Charcot from the early 1880s focused his teaching increasingly on case histories of hysteria in male as well as female patients. Already renown for his earlier dramatic public lessons on female hysteria, his lessons of the 1880s, of which two volumes were published at the end of the decade, elaborated the issue of psychology in terms of altered states of patient's suggestibility. By the decade's end, Charcot's worldwide reputation rested on the prospects of this work as acknowledged by numerous students, notably medical psychologists Pierre Janet and Sigmund Freud. Yet Charcot's views remained sketchy. They were discussed at length in his unpublished notes for a lesson intended for May 1893, just a few months before his sudden death. His unpublished notes reveal a detailed case for dreams as illustrating a psychological mechanism underlying hysteria in a 17-year-old Paris artisan. I conclude by considering why this significant climactic case of Charcot's might have been overlooked by his entourage.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"263-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malcolm Bruce Macmillan (1929-2024). 马尔科姆·布鲁斯·麦克米伦（1929-2024）

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2025.2452242

Nicholas J Wade

引用次数: 0

Edvard Munch's crisis in 1908 and French medicine: His doctors, treatments, and sources of information. 爱德华-蒙克 1908 年的危机与法国医学：他的医生、治疗方法和信息来源。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2357059

Stanley Finger, Elisabetta Sirgiovanni

{"title":"Edvard Munch's crisis in 1908 and French medicine: His doctors, treatments, and sources of information.","authors":"Stanley Finger, Elisabetta Sirgiovanni","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2357059","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2357059","url":null,"abstract":"In 1908, Norwegian artist Edvard Munch-already famous for The Scream and other paintings showing sickness, despair, and suffering-put himself under the care of Dr. Daniel Jacobson, a nerve doctor in Copenhagen. Jacobson had previously attended some of Jean-Martin Charcot's lectures in Paris, as had Knud Pontoppidan, his mentor. Munch, in turn, had long been showing signs and symptoms of an anxiety disorder and what might have been viewed as neurasthenia or hysteria. Now, he also seemed to be suffering from acute alcoholic toxicity. In this article, we explore Scandinavian psychiatry at the turn of the century; Jacobson and Pontoppidan's connections to Paris; and how some of Munch's treatments, most notably his electrotherapy sessions, related to therapeutics at La Salpêtrière. Additionally, various ways in which Munch learned about French medicine are examined. This material reveals how well-known and influential Charcot and his ideas about disorders of the brain and mind had become at the turn of the century, affecting not just the French physicians but also a world-famous artist and his nerve doctor in Scandinavia.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"331-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charcot's international visitors and pupils from Europe, the United States, and Russia. 夏尔科的国际访客和来自欧洲、美国和俄罗斯的学生。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2350921

Emmanuel Broussolle, Edward H Reynolds, Peter J Koehler, Julien Bogousslavsky, Olivier Walusinski, Francesco Brigo, Lorenzo Lorusso, François Boller

{"title":"Charcot's international visitors and pupils from Europe, the United States, and Russia.","authors":"Emmanuel Broussolle, Edward H Reynolds, Peter J Koehler, Julien Bogousslavsky, Olivier Walusinski, Francesco Brigo, Lorenzo Lorusso, François Boller","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2350921","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2350921","url":null,"abstract":"The foundation by Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) of the Salpêtrière School in Paris had an influential role in the development of neurology during the late-nineteenth century. The international aura of Charcot attracted neurologists from all parts of the world. We here present the most representative European, American, and Russian young physicians who learned from Charcot during their tutoring or visit in Paris or Charcot's travels outside France. These include neurologists from Great Britain and Ireland, the United States, Germany and Austria, Switzerland, Russia, Italy, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands, Scandinavia and Finland, Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, and Romania. Particularly emblematic among the renowned foreign scientists who met and/or learned from Charcot were Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard, who had interactions with Paris University and contributed to the early development of British and American neurological schools; John Hughlings Jackson, who was admired by Charcot and influenced French neurology similarly as Charcot did on British neurology; Silas Weir Mitchell, the pioneer in American neurology; Sigmund Freud, who was trained by Charcot to study patients with hysteria and then, back in Vienna, founded a new discipline called psychoanalysis; Aleksej Yakovlevich Kozhevnikov and almost all the founders of the Russian institutes of neurology who were instructed in Paris; and Georges Marinesco, who established the Romanian school of neurology and did major contributions thanks to his valuable relation with Charcot and French neurology.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"206-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scientific plurality and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A philosophical and historical perspective on Charcot's texts. 科学多元化与肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症（ALS）：从哲学和历史角度看沙尔科的著作。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2380635

Anne Fenoy

{"title":"Scientific plurality and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A philosophical and historical perspective on Charcot's texts.","authors":"Anne Fenoy","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2380635","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2380635","url":null,"abstract":"The history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-also known as Charcot's disease, Lou Gehrig's disease, and motor neuron disease (MND)-freezes the texts of the scientist and physician Jean-Martin Charcot in a hagiographic narrative describing a brilliant discovery, based on the anatomo-clinical method. This narrative is often used by biologists and physicians as a reference point. This article shows that the use of the hagiographic register faces limitations. In particular, it obscures points of interest from Charcot's texts on ALS, such as the epistemological and ontological implications of scientific plurality in medicine. Although Charcot recognized the importance of scientific plurality in medicine, he prioritized the approaches and conferred the most important epistemic authority on clinical and pathological observations. In his view, animal modeling remains secondary to the understanding of disease. The concept of ALS and its diagnostic operability are the result of symptoms and lesions. By studying the past, we can highlight the specific features of the present. Today, although the ALS concept retains its diagnostic and clinical relevance, it is increasingly called into question in etiological and mechanistic research. Despite these differences, Charcot's reflections are a reminder of the importance of theoretical thinking on scientific plurality, all the more so today in the context of ALS research, in which combining different approaches is increasingly valued to understand the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of ALS.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction. 介绍。

IF 0.3 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2025.2475935

Christopher G Goetz, Emmanuel Broussolle, Mark S Micale, Bruno Dubois

引用次数: 0

Charcot's interest in faith healing. 沙尔科对信仰疗法的兴趣。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2408918

A J Lees

引用次数: 0

Remarkable things: Visual evidence and excess at Charcot's Salpêtrière. 了不起的东西：沙尔科的 Salpêtrière 的视觉证据和过度。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2370745

Natasha Ruiz-Gómez

{"title":"Remarkable things: Visual evidence and excess at Charcot's Salpêtrière.","authors":"Natasha Ruiz-Gómez","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2370745","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2370745","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) pioneered the use of visual aids in his lectures at the Hôpital de la Salpêtrière. He deployed photographs, casts, diagrams, graphs, drawings, lantern slides, and even patients to help the audience understand his innovative diagnoses, but that same visual imagery also informed his own conceptualizations of pathology. Charcot, whom Sigmund Freud famously called a \"visuel,\" made drawings of his patients and their autopsied organs while also encouraging the art-making of his many collaborators and protégés at the Salpêtrière in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Their \"scientific artworks\" epitomize the entanglement of art and medical science at the hospital. This article examines the role of visual media in diagnosing pathology under Charcot's aegis, bringing to light images and objects that catalogue the case of Ambroise Bourdy. Here was a perfect example of the male hysteric, according to Charcot: a \"robust\" blacksmith and father who developed a hysterical contracture after a workplace injury. In 1882, Charcot's Salpêtrière colleagues-including Dr. Henri Parinaud, Dr. Paul Richer, Louis Loreau, and Albert Londe-tested Bourdy's eyes, made drawings and a cast of his contracted left hand, and photographed him in various poses. The surfeit of visual imagery of Bourdy purports to illustrate traumatic hysteria-however, it more effectively, if unintentionally, reveals a delight in art-making at the Salpêtrière.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"378-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The peripheral nerve: A neglected topic in Charcot's neurological work. 周围神经：沙尔科神经学著作中一个被忽视的主题。

IF 0.5 3区哲学

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1080/0964704X.2024.2388515

Laurent Tatu, Julien Bogousslavsky

{"title":"The peripheral nerve: A neglected topic in Charcot's neurological work.","authors":"Laurent Tatu, Julien Bogousslavsky","doi":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2388515","DOIUrl":"10.1080/0964704X.2024.2388515","url":null,"abstract":"Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) did not show much interest in the peripheral nervous system and its associated pathologies. He found it difficult to place the peripheral nerve within his classification of disorders; it appeared to be an exception to his theories. Even the pathology that he described in 1886 with Pierre Marie (1853-1940), at the same time as Henry Tooth (1856-1925), and which is now known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, was considered by Charcot to be a potential myelopathy. Charcot, like other physicians, paid little heed to the observations made by Louis Duménil (1823-1890) to support the existence of primitive damage to the peripheral nerve. Charcot approached peripheral nerve pathologies through two indirect routes: amyotrophies not explained by spinal or muscular damage, and the trophic cutaneous consequences of what he called névrites (neuritis), the lesional site of which remains debated. It is noteworthy that Charcot's approach to peripheral nervous system disorders differed from that of other neurologists of the same time. Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke (1859-1927) in France was more precise than Charcot in her anatomical and clinical descriptions, and Hugo von Ziemssen (1829-1902) in Germany made effective use of electrodiagnostics. Charcot supported the electrical work of Guillaume Duchenne de Boulogne (1806-1875), whom he sometimes presented as one of his mentors. The German physician Wilhelm Erb (1840-1921) developed electrodiagnosis by galvanic and faradic currents. Charcot never made use of Erb's electrological advancements. With his electrophysiologist Romain Vigouroux (1831-1911), Charcot used medical electricity only for electrotherapy in hysteria.","PeriodicalId":49997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the History of the Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"177-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0