Remarkable things: Visual evidence and excess at Charcot's Salpêtrière.

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Natasha Ruiz-Gómez
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Abstract

Dr. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) pioneered the use of visual aids in his lectures at the Hôpital de la Salpêtrière. He deployed photographs, casts, diagrams, graphs, drawings, lantern slides, and even patients to help the audience understand his innovative diagnoses, but that same visual imagery also informed his own conceptualizations of pathology. Charcot, whom Sigmund Freud famously called a "visuel," made drawings of his patients and their autopsied organs while also encouraging the art-making of his many collaborators and protégés at the Salpêtrière in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Their "scientific artworks" epitomize the entanglement of art and medical science at the hospital. This article examines the role of visual media in diagnosing pathology under Charcot's aegis, bringing to light images and objects that catalogue the case of Ambroise Bourdy. Here was a perfect example of the male hysteric, according to Charcot: a "robust" blacksmith and father who developed a hysterical contracture after a workplace injury. In 1882, Charcot's Salpêtrière colleagues-including Dr. Henri Parinaud, Dr. Paul Richer, Louis Loreau, and Albert Londe-tested Bourdy's eyes, made drawings and a cast of his contracted left hand, and photographed him in various poses. The surfeit of visual imagery of Bourdy purports to illustrate traumatic hysteria-however, it more effectively, if unintentionally, reveals a delight in art-making at the Salpêtrière.

了不起的东西:沙尔科的 Salpêtrière 的视觉证据和过度。
让-马丁-沙尔科医生(Jean-Martin Charcot,1825-1893 年)在 Salpêtrière 医院的讲座中率先使用了视觉辅助工具。他利用照片、石膏、图表、图画、灯笼幻灯片甚至病人来帮助听众理解他的创新诊断,但同样的视觉图像也为他自己的病理学概念提供了依据。被西格蒙德-弗洛伊德(Sigmund Freud)称为 "视觉大师 "的沙尔科,在十九世纪最后四分之一的时间里,一方面为他的病人及其解剖器官作画,另一方面也鼓励他在萨尔佩特里耶尔的许多合作者和门徒进行艺术创作。他们的 "科学艺术作品 "是医院中艺术与医学纠缠的缩影。本文探讨了视觉媒体在沙尔科主持下的病理诊断中的作用,揭示了记录安布鲁瓦-布尔迪病例的图像和物品。沙尔科认为,这是男性癔病患者的完美典范:一位 "健壮 "的铁匠和父亲,在一次工伤后患上了癔病性挛缩。1882 年,沙尔科的 Salpêtrière 同行,包括亨利-帕里诺(Henri Parinaud)医生、保罗-里歇尔(Paul Richer)医生、路易-罗罗(Louis Loreau)医生和阿尔伯特-隆德(Albert Londe)医生,对布尔迪的眼睛进行了测试,为他挛缩的左手绘制了图画并制作了石膏模型,还为他拍摄了各种姿势的照片。关于布尔迪的大量视觉图像旨在说明创伤性癔病,但更有效的是,它无意中揭示了 Salpêtrière 艺术创作的乐趣。
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来源期刊
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 社会科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
20.00%
发文量
55
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of the History of the Neurosciences is the leading communication platform dealing with the historical roots of the basic and applied neurosciences. Its domains cover historical perspectives and developments, including biographical studies, disorders, institutions, documents, and instrumentation in neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychiatry, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropsychology, and the behavioral neurosciences. The history of ideas, changes in society and medicine, and the connections with other disciplines (e.g., the arts, philosophy, psychology) are welcome. In addition to original, full-length papers, the journal welcomes informative short communications, letters to the editors, book reviews, and contributions to its NeuroWords and Neurognostics columns. All manuscripts are subject to initial appraisal by an Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, full- and short-length papers are subject to peer review (double blind, if requested) by at least 2 anonymous referees.
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