Journal of Vision最新文献

{"title":"Perceptual learning of prosthetic vision using video game training.","authors":"Rebecca B Esquenazi, Kimberly Meier, Michael Beyeler, Drake Wright, Geoffrey M Boynton, Ione Fine","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.12.12","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.12.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key limitation shared by both electronic and optogenetic sight recovery technologies is that they cause simultaneous rather than complementary firing within on- and off-center cells. Here, using \"virtual patients\"-sighted individuals viewing distorted input-we examine whether gamified training improves the ability to compensate for distortions in neuronal population coding. We measured perceptual learning using dichoptic input, filtered so that regions of the image that produced on-center responses in one eye produced off-center responses in the other eye. The Non-Gaming control group carried out an object discrimination task over five sessions using this filtered input. The Gaming group carried out an additional 25 hours of gamified training using a similarly filtered variant of the video game Fruit Ninja. Both groups showed improvements over time in the object discrimination task. However, there was no significant transfer of learning from the \"Fruit Ninja\" task to the object discrimination task. The lack of transfer of learning from video game training to object recognition suggests that gamification-based rehabilitation for sight recovery technologies may have limited utility and may be most effective when targeted on learning specific visual tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 12","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local variations in L/M ratio influence the detection and color naming of small spots.","authors":"Maxwell J Greene, Vimal P Pandiyan, Ramkumar Sabesan, William S Tuten","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.12.13","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.12.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The distribution of long (L)-, middle (M)-, and short (S)-wavelength sensitive cones in the retina determines how different frequencies of incident light are sampled across space and has been hypothesized to influence spatial and color vision. We examined how the detection and color naming of small, short-duration increment stimuli (λ = 543 or 680 nm) depend on the local spectral topography of the cone mosaic. Stimuli were corrected for optical aberrations by an adaptive optics system and targeted to locations in the parafovea where cone spectral types were known. We found that sensitivity to 680-nm light, normalized by sensitivity to 543-nm light, grew with the proportion of L cones at the stimulated locus, although intra- and intersubject variability was considerable. A similar trend was derived from a simple model of the achromatic (L+M) pathway, suggesting that small spot detection mainly relies on a non-opponent mechanism. Most stimuli were categorized as achromatic, with red and green responses becoming more common as stimulus intensity increased and as the local proportion of L and M cones became more balanced. The proximity of S cones to the stimulated region did not influence the likelihood of eliciting a chromatic percept. Our detection data confirm earlier reports that small spot psychophysics can reveal information about local cone topography, and our color naming findings suggest that chromatic sensitivity may improve when the L/M ratio approaches unity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 12","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking and restoring ocular balance: Temporal interactions in binocular rivalry and stereopsis.","authors":"Rong Jiang, Ming Meng","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.12.5","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.12.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Binocular integration and interocular suppression are fundamental processes underlying binocular vision, giving rise to stereopsis and binocular rivalry, respectively. To investigate how the visual system dynamically coordinates these processes to form a unified percept, we conducted four psychophysical experiments examining the temporal interactions between binocular rivalry and stereopsis. In Experiment 1a, binocular rivalry, especially with high-contrast stimuli, impaired subsequent stereopsis, significantly elevating average stereo detection thresholds from 60.5 to 111.8 arcsec. Experiment 1b revealed no effect on contrast detection, confirming that the suppression was specific to stereopsis rather than due to general attentional distraction. Experiment 2a revealed that preceding stereopsis rebalanced subsequent rivalry dynamics by reducing ocular dominance asymmetry and increasing mixed percepts, without affecting alternation rate. Experiment 2b further demonstrated that anti-correlated stereograms, which do not elicit stable stereopsis, exerted no effect on subsequent rivalry dynamics. These findings underscore a dynamic interplay between binocular integration and suppression in resolving perceptual ambiguity and achieving unified visual perception. Crucially, our results reinforce that stereopsis is not merely a passive consequence of binocular integration, but actively contributes to rebalancing ocular dominance, thus offering insights for interventions aimed at restoring binocular function.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 12","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual variability in steady-state VEP responses for hues sweeping around cardinal color axes: Clues to cortical color coding?","authors":"Sae Kaneko, Ichiro Kuriki, Søren K Andersen, David Henry Peterzell","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.12.2","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.12.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated how early human visual cortex processes color by analyzing individual variability in steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). Sixteen participants viewed a flickering checkerboard that swept around the isoluminant hue circle at three chromatic contrasts. The current study analyzed the individual variability in the SSVEP data from the study to elucidate the hue-selective mechanisms in the early visual areas using a factor-analytic approach. The initial analyses of the correlations revealed that the responses to the nearby hues correlated highly, which is consistent with multiple overlapping color channels. Also, the correlational pattern showed consistent peaks and troughs at specific hue angles: 0° (+L-M), 30°, 120°, 180° (-L+M), 240°, and 300°. We further performed nonmetric multidimensional scaling, identifying four significant hue dimensions. Peaks and troughs of the dimension components were consistent with the hue angles revealed in the correlational pattern. Additional four hues also appeared in the last dimension: 90° (+S), 150°, 270° (-S), and 330°. The 10 (six plus four) hues suggested in these analyses may subserve the basis of early cortical color processing, including classical cone opponency and the mechanisms tuned to the intermediate hues.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 12","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12510397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pupillary and eye movement investigation of functional deficits in multiple object tracking following mild traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Mohammed M Alnawmasi, Nawaf M Almutairi, Sieu K Khuu","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.12.7","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.12.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to maintain visual attention to track multiple moving objects has been reported to be impaired in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We investigated whether deficits in multiple object tracking (MOT) following mTBI is associated with behavioral markers of attention, particularly cognitively driven pupillary dilation responses and eye movement patterns. Thirty-five adults were recruited. Pupillary responses and eye movements were tracked while participants performed a MOT task in which the duration of tracking (five and ten seconds), number of target dots (three, four, and five), and number of distractor dots (three, six, and nine) were independent variables. Patients with mTBI had reduced pupil dilation when tracking a high number of target dots (four dots: Mean difference [MD] = 0.79, p < 0.001; five dots: MD = 0.67, p < 0.001) compared to controls. Similarly, patients with mTBI had reduced pupil dilation when the number of distractor dots increased (six distractors: MD = 0.43, p < 0.001; nine distractors: MD = 0.46, p < 0.001) compared to controls. A reduction in pupil dilation observed in patients with mTBI may reflect a limitation in the mental capacity to meet increasing cognitive demands. Eye movement analysis showed that patients with mTBI made significantly more fixations (and with reduced fixation durations), consistent with a local tracking strategy, than controls. In conclusion, tracking pupil response and eye movements while tracking multiple moving objects provided an indication of possible factors that contributed to the poor performance among patients with mTBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 12","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling temporal integration and segregation in multiple object individuation.","authors":"Yue Huang, Fengxiao Hao, Min Li, Hexing Zhong, Zhangjing Ma, Zhao Fan, Xianfeng Ding, Xiaorong Cheng","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.12.10","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.12.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Object individuation, the process of endowing visual elements with objecthood, is known to have a limited capacity, as demonstrated by the subitizing phenomenon-the rapid and precise enumeration of small quantities (up to three or four items). Previous research has primarily focused on multiple object individuation when components defining each object are presented simultaneously. However, the impact of temporal factors remains understudied. This study investigates the role of temporal processing modes in subitizing. Specifically, we investigated whether subitizing remains feasible and maintains a comparable capacity when object-defining components are presented at different times and need to be either combined into a single object (temporal integration) or separated into distinct objects (temporal segregation). Across two experiments using paradigms based on the missing/odd element task, the impact of different temporal operations (integration vs. segregation) on subitizing was examined after task difficulty was equalized by individually-adjusted inter-stimulus intervals. The results revealed that subitizing is a ubiquitous phenomenon even when target components are presented at different times. Critically, whether these components are temporally integrable or separable influences subitizing capacity. Temporal segregation exhibited a higher subitizing capacity and lower cognitive resource demands than temporal integration, likely because it prioritizes perceptual sensitivity to change over maintaining perceptual continuity and stability during the initial stage of object individuation. Additionally, temporal integration-based subitizing benefits more from an increased repetition of displays than temporal segregation-based subitizing. These findings demonstrate that task-dependent temporal processing modes modulate the efficiency and capacity of numerical individuation, underscoring the importance of temporal organization in multiple object individuation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 12","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational elements of natural vision.","authors":"Constantin A Rothkopf, Mary M Hayhoe","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.12.4","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.12.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultimately, human behavior needs to be understood in the context of natural everyday tasks. Over the last two decades, a number of observations of natural visually guided behavior have accumulated. These observations help define the functional demands placed on the visual system in a variety of tasks, but progress has been limited by the diversity of natural behavior and by the lack of unified theoretical structures to guide understanding of the underlying processes. In this article, we summarize some recent attempts that might provide a template for a more formal approach. This is possible because it has become clear that natural behavior has many regularities reflecting the underlying sensorimotor decisions. We first summarize these regularities and then show how simple visually guided behaviors can be well described by partially observable Markov decision processes. We give examples of how laboratory experiments can be designed to elicit the common elements of natural behavior and how such experiments afford control of the statistical structure of tasks, thereby allowing formal modeling. Finally, we suggest that a new exciting avenue using recently introduced inverse models may lead the way forward, as it recovers the intrinsic properties of human perception, cognition, and action, which are intertwined in natural behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 12","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-level features predict perceived similarity for naturalistic images.","authors":"Emily J A-Izzeddin, Thomas S A Wallis, Jason B Mattingley, William J Harrison","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.12.11","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.12.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms by which humans perceptually organize individual regions of a visual scene to generate a coherent scene representation remain largely unknown. Our perception of statistical regularities has been relatively well-studied in simple stimuli, and explicit computational mechanisms that use low-level image features (e.g., luminance, contrast energy) to explain these perceptions have been described. Here, we investigate to what extent observers can effectively use such low-level information present in isolated naturalistic scene regions to facilitate associations between said regions. Across two experiments, participants were shown an isolated reference patch, then required to select which of two subsequently presented patches came from the same scene as the reference (two-alternative forced choice method). In Experiment 1, participants made their judgments based on unaltered image patches, and were consistently above chance when performing such association judgments. Additionally, participants' responses were well-predicted by a generalized linear multilevel model using predictors based on low-level feature similarity metrics (specifically, pixel-wise luminance and phase-invariant structure correlations). In Experiment 2, participants were presented with unaltered image regions, thresholded image regions, or regions reduced to only their edge content. Performance for thresholded and edge regions was significantly poorer than for unaltered image regions. Nonetheless, the model still correlated well with participants' judgments. Our findings suggest that image region associations can be accounted for using low-level feature correlations, suggesting such basic features are strongly associated with those underlying judgments made for complex visual stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 12","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Target-flanker similarity alters the spatial profile of visual crowding.","authors":"Kristian P Skoczek, Jennifer H Acton, John A Greenwood, Tony Redmond","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.12.17","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.12.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual crowding is the disruptive effect of nearby details on the perception of a target. This influence is dependent on both spatial separation and perceived similarity between target and flanker elements. However, it is not clear how these simultaneous influences combine to produce the final \"crowded\" percept as flankers traverse the limits of the crowding zone. We investigated the reported appearance of a peripherally presented Landolt-C target flanked by a pair of simultaneously presented Landolt-Cs across different levels of target-flanker similarity (relative orientation), spatial separation, and target eccentricity. The distributions of errors in reported target orientation were fitted with a pooling model that simulated errors using a weighted combination of target and flanker orientation signals. The change in error distribution with target-flanker spacing (the \"spatial profile\") was fitted with a logistic function, estimating both the rate at which target- and flanker-signal weighting varies as target-flanker spatial separation decreases (slope) and the spatial separation at which signals were balanced (midpoint). We found that the slope of the spatial profile increases as target-flanker similarity decreases, with similar modulation patterns across target eccentricities. In contrast, spatial profile midpoints increased linearly with eccentricity, in line with Bouma's law, but were invariant of target-flanker similarity. This suggests similarity-related modulation may operate within a fixed spatial extent at each eccentricity. Investigating the spatial profile of crowding disentangles effects related to the appearance of targets and flankers (i.e., similarity) from appearance-independent influences, which can be confounded when using other common measures to define crowding zone extent.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 12","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing on the fly: No need for space-to-time encoding; saccade-generated transients enable fast, parallel representation of space.","authors":"Moshe Gur","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.11.4","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.11.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 11","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12416515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144994115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}