Journal of Vision最新文献

{"title":"The effect of illumination cues on color constancy in simultaneous identification of illumination and reflectance changes.","authors":"Lari S Virtanen, Maria Olkkonen, Toni P Saarela","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.6.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To provide a stable percept of the surface color of objects, the visual system needs to account for variation in illumination chromaticity. This ability is called color constancy. The details of how the visual system disambiguates effects of illumination and reflectance on the light reaching the eye are still unclear. Here we asked how independent illumination and reflectance judgments are of each other, whether color constancy depends on explicitly identifying the illumination chromaticity, and what kinds of contextual cues support this identification. We studied the simultaneous identification of illumination and reflectance changes with realistically rendered, abstract three-dimensional scenes. Observers were tasked to identify both of these changes between sequentially presented stimuli. The stimuli included a central object whose reflectance could vary and a background that only varied due to changes in illumination chromaticity. We manipulated the visual cues available in the background: local contrast and specular highlights. We found that identification of illumination and reflectance changes was not independent: While reflectance changes were rarely misidentified as illumination changes, illumination changes clearly biased reflectance judgments. However, correct identification of reflectance changes was also not fully dependent on correctly identifying the illumination change: Only when there was no illumination change in the stimulus did it lead to better color constancy, that is, correctly identifying the reflectance change. Discriminability of illumination changes did not vary based on available visual cues of local contrast or specular highlights. Yet discriminability of reflectance changes was improved with local contrast and, to a lesser extent, with specular highlights, in the stimulus. We conclude that a failure of color constancy does not depend on a failure to identify illumination changes, but additional visual cues still improve color constancy through better disambiguation of illumination and reflectance changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 6","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to understanding natural behavior.","authors":"Alexander Goettker, Nathaniel Powell, Mary Hayhoe","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.6.12","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.6.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many important questions cannot be addressed without considering vision in its natural context. How can we do this in a controlled and systematic way, given the intrinsic diversity and complexities of natural behavior? We argue that an important step is to start with better measurements of natural visually guided behavior to describe the visual input and behavior shown in these contexts more precisely. We suggest that, to go from pure description to understanding, diverse behaviors can be treated as a sequence of decisions, where humans need to make good action choices in the context of an uncertain world state, varying behavior goals, and noisy actions. Because natural behavior evolves in time over sequences of actions, these decisions involve both short- and long-term memory and planning. This strategy allows us to design experiments to capture these critical aspects while preserving experimental control. Other strategies involve progressive simplification of the experimental conditions, and leveraging individual differences, and we provide some examples of successful approaches. Thus, this article charts a path forward for developing paradigms for the systematic investigation of natural behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 6","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring for gloss: Active exploration in visual material perception.","authors":"Lisa P Y Lin, Knut Drewing, Katja Doerschner","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.6.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Image motion contributes to the perception of visual material properties, and motion signals are generated during active exploration. However, little is known about how specific perceptual tasks influence the actions that generate these cues. In an experiment using virtual reality and real-time hand tracking, we investigated how the demands of perceptual tasks (e.g., judging gloss or lightness) shape exploratory behaviors. Participants either observed or actively explored objects varying in gloss and lightness while performing a matching task. We analyzed how their exploration patterns varied based on the tasks. Using the same stimuli in both tasks, we found that participants explored objects more extensively when judging gloss than when judging lightness. These findings suggest a strategic prioritization of relevant cues for gloss judgments, with participants using larger movements and object rotation to enhance viewing perspectives and highlight detection. Our findings show that exploration behaviors are task dependent, with actions adapted to the demands of the perceptual task at hand.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 6","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poster Session: Characterising Visual Evoked Potential contrast response functions using achromatic and chromatic Gabor patches.","authors":"Joel Martin, Zoe Darrasse, Jasna Martinovic","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human visual system processes chromatic and achromatic information by adding or contrasting signals from short (S), medium (M) and long-wavelength (L) cones, through cone-additive (L+M) or cone-opponent (L-M, S-(L+M)) mechanisms. Multiple studies have shown that Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) to chromatic and achromatic sinusoidal gratings differ with respect to morphology. Here we characterise VEP contrast response functions to chromatic and achromatic 0.8 cycles per degree Gabors in a relatively large sample of participants (n=27). Participants view chromatic (set at individual isoluminance) and achromatic Gabors at four different contrast levels while electroencephalograms are recorded. Detection thresholds and salience matching data are also collected to establish the range of individual differences. We replicate the findings of previous normative studies: achromatic-driven pattern-onset VEPs are characterised by a robust P1 component that saturates at higher levels of contrast, while chromatic Gabors elicit a single negative deflection whose amplitude and latency depend on stimulus contrast more linearly. The data we present demonstrate the suitability of Gabors for establishing VEP-derived contrast gain functions and represent the beginnings of a comprehensive normative data set that will eventually be used for control comparisons in a large-scale study on visual function in individuals with bipolar disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited Session I: Focusing on the Human Fovea: Perception in the foveal rod scotoma.","authors":"Alexander C Schütz","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resources for visual processing, such as the density of cone photoreceptors and the number of neurons in visual cortex, prioritize the fovea to maximize contrast sensitivity and visual acuity under photopic conditions at daylight. Consequently, the fovea does not contain any rod photoreceptors, which are saturated under photopic conditions, but allow for vision under scotopic conditions at dim lighting. Perception in this foveal rod scotoma is particularly interesting given the important role of foveal vision under photopic conditions. Our results show that there is perceptual completion of the foveal rod scotoma under scotopic conditions. Interestingly, humans trust that filled-in information more than veridical information from the peripheral visual field in a metacognitive confidence task. When flickering the background, a blurry counter-phase afterimage becomes visible in the fovea. This afterimage is most apparent at a flicker frequency of about 3 Hz and appears considerably larger than the rod-free zone. These results show that perceptual completion can occur even in the fovea and might not be limited to the absolute rod scotoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributed Talks III: Infants' eye movements to scene statistics in natural behavior.","authors":"T Rowan Candy, Zachary Petroff, Stephanie Biehn, Sarah Freeman, Kathryn Bonnen, Linda Smith","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infants start to interact with their visual environment during the first postnatal months. Immaturities in gross motor responses and spatial vision constrain their visual behavior during this rapid development. Analyses of first-person video and eye-tracking data from infants were performed to understand key components of visual experience during this period of visual learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Infants wore head-mounted scene and binocular eye-tracking cameras (modified Pupil Labs Core) while engaging in naturalistic behavior in an 8ftx8ft home-like environment. Calibrated eye movements were identified using standard approaches (e.g. Engbert & Mergenthaler, 2006) and image statistics were extracted at fixation locations (>200ms).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recordings (10.5 hours) at ages 2-3 (n=24) 5-6 (35) 8-9 (27) & 11-12 (11) months were analyzed. Eye position and saccade amplitude distributions relative to the head were tighter for younger infants. The distribution of RMS contrast around fixation was also highest at younger ages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The youngest infants with limited head and trunk control exhibited the most restricted range of eye movements, suggesting no gaze shift compensation for limited mobility. This likely leads to less active sampling of the scene, slower rates of change in input, and a tight link between head- and eye-centered frames of reference. Early experience also provides a concentration of contrast serving the development of foveal and parafoveal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poster Session: Abnormal GSK3β activity affects Drosophila vision.","authors":"Oscar Solis, Alex Wade, Ines Hahn","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.28","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The enzyme, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), plays a key role in the development and maintenance of axons in neurons. Recent work has revealed microtubule (MT) unbundling in the axons of neurons with overactive or inactive GSK3β and it is hypothesised that this phenotype is tightly related to impaired axonal transport and synaptic defects. To test whether abnormal GSK3β activity affects neuronal function, the Drosophila visual system was probed using the steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) technique. This involved recording electrophysiological responses from the fly eye presented with stimuli consisting of flickering light. Analyses revealed abnormal visual responses in flies expressing overactive or inactive GSK3β compared to control flies. To test whether this was due to MT unbundling, flies were fed with the MT-stabilising drug, Epothilone B (EpoB). The drug did not rescue the visual defects but instead led to adverse effects. Taken together, these results suggest that GSK3β dysregulation leads to neuronal dysfunction in the fly visual system, but MT unbundling may not be the sole mechanism underlying these visual defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poster Session: Chromatic and luminance contrast adaptation measured using pupillometry and SSVEP.","authors":"Alex A Carter, Abbie J Lawton, Daniel H Baker, Antony B Morland, Lauren E Welbourne, Alex R Wade","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous evidence suggests both chromatic and luminance contrast adaptation reduces contrast sensitivity in the post-adaptation period. This effect is chromatically-tuned: adaptation is greatest when the adaptor and probe lie on the same chromatic axis. Previous fMRI data from our lab also suggests S-cone adaptation results in a paradoxical increase in post-stimulus BOLD signal. Here, we use SSVEP and pupillometry to ask whether we can measure physiological correlates of this adaptation. SSVEPs were recorded from V1 using a canonical EEG template (Poncet & Ales, 2023) and pupil diameter was measured using an EyeLink1000 for 21 participants. Stimuli were contrast-reversing chromatic or luminance disks (5Hz, 20° visual angle) presented during a 7s preprobe, 30s adaptation, and 7s probe period. The preprobe and probe were always the same chromaticity at 50% of the adapting contrast. Stimuli were L+M or S-cone isolating with four conditions overall (S/L+M) * (adapt/probe). Both pupils and V1 show an increase in size and response respectively after adaptation, contradicting the idea that adaptation reduces contrast sensitivity. Pupil data showed L+M adaptation increases pupil diameter more for L+M than S probe, with S adaptation having little effect. V1 showed an overall effect of adaptation, but no differences across conditions suggesting that the pupils are more sensitive to chromaticity in adaptation, while cortex shows adaptation independent of chromaticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientation-tuned surround-suppression is strongest within perceived 3D surfaces.","authors":"Jessy K Possel, Pieter R Roelfsema, Matthew W Self","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.4.17","DOIUrl":"10.1167/jov.25.4.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our perception of contrast is strongly affected by contextual factors. A well-known example is that of orientation-tuned surround suppression (OTSS). Surrounds have more suppressive effects on the perceived contrast of the center when they have the same orientation. This phenomenon has been linked to horizontal interactions within the early visual cortex. Here we show that the strength of suppression is modulated strongly by the perceived three-dimensional structure of the scene. Placing the surround at a different retinal disparity, and therefore perceived depth, decreased OTSS, regardless of whether the surround was placed behind or in front of the center. The difference in disparity was, however, not the key determinant of the strength of OTSS. Suppressive interactions were strongest when the surround formed a three-dimensional surface that was continuous with the center and weaker when the surround seemed to be part of a separate surface, even when the surround seemed to be closer to the center in perceived depth. The results suggest that visual features that are perceived to form part of the same surface can engage in stronger suppressive interactions than those perceived to lie on different surfaces. This raises questions about how the underlying neural interactions become restricted to surfaces and support the view that top-down information about perceptual organization can gate interactions occurring at lower levels in the visual system.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 4","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12045118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invited Session III: Machine Learning and AI Approaches to Retinal Diagnostics: Optimizing clinician-AI teaming to enhance glaucoma care.","authors":"Jithin Yohannan","doi":"10.1167/jov.25.5.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.25.5.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated how AI explanations help primary eye care providers differentiate between immediate and non-urgent referrals for glaucoma surgical care. We developed explainable AI algorithms to predict glaucoma surgery needs from routine eye care data to identify high-risk patients. We included intrinsic and post-hoc explainability and conducted an online study with optometrists to assess human-AI team performance, measuring referral accuracy, interaction with AI, agreement rates, task time, and user experience perceptions. AI support improved referral accuracy among 87 participants (59.9% with AI vs. 50.8% without), though Human-AI teams underperformed compared to AI alone - on a separate test set, our black-box and intrinsic models achieved 77% and 71% accuracy, respectively, in predicting surgical outcomes. Participants felt they used AI advice more with the intrinsic model, finding it more useful and promising. Without explanations, deviations from AI recommendations increased. AI support did not increase workload, confidence, and trust but reduced challenges.We identify opportunities for human-AI teaming in glaucoma management, noting that AI enhances referral accuracy but shows a performance gap compared to AI alone, even with explanations. Becasue, human involvement remains crucial in medical decision-making, highlighting the need for future research to optimize collaboration, ensuring positive experiences and safe AI use.</p>","PeriodicalId":49955,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vision","volume":"25 5","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}