Journal of Voice最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship Between Pitch Discrimination and Acoustic Voice Measures in a Cohort of Female Speakers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Evidence across a range of musically trained, hearing disordered and voice disordered populations present conflicting results regarding the relationship between pitch discrimination (PD) and voice quality. PD characteristics of female speakers with and without a musical training background and no self-reported voice disorder, and the relationship between PD and voice quality in this particular population, have not been investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><p>To evaluate PD characteristics in a cohort of female participants without a self-reported voice disorder and the relationship between PD and acoustic voice measures.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>One hundred fourteen female participants were studied, all of whom self-reported as being non-voice disordered. All completed the Newcastle Assessment of Pitch Discrimination which involved a two-tone PD task. Their voices were recorded producing standardized vocal tasks. Voice samples were acoustically analyzed for frequency-domain measures (fundamental frequency and its standard deviation, and harmonics-to-noise ratio) and spectral-domain measures (cepstral peak prominence and the Cepstral/Spectral Index of Dysphonia). Data were analyzed for the whole cohort and for musical and non-musical training backgrounds.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the whole cohort, there were no significant correlations between PD and acoustic voice measures. PD accuracy in musically trained speakers was better than in non-trained speakers and correlated with fundamental frequency standard deviation in prolonged vowel tasks. Vocalists demonstrated superior PD accuracy and fundamental frequency standard deviation in prolonged vowels compared to instrumentalists but did not show significant correlations between PD and acoustic measures. The Newcastle Assessment of Pitch Discrimination was a reliable tool, showing moderate-good prediction value in differentiating musical background.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There was little evidence of a relationship between PD and acoustic measures of voice quality, regardless of musical training background and superior PD accuracy among the musically trained. These data do not support ideas concerning the co-development of perception and action among individuals identified as having voice quality measures within normal ranges. Numerous measures of voice quality, including measures sensitive to pitch, did not distinguish across musically and non-musically trained individuals, despite individual differences in pitch discrimination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892199722000546/pdfft?md5=73d675e074c4fd97b263b0e6a0201489&pid=1-s2.0-S0892199722000546-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40313681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Effects of CO2, KTP, and Blue Lasers with a Flexible Fiber Delivery System on Vocal Folds","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To determine the differences in thermal effects on vocal folds between four fiber-routed lasers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this experimental laboratory study the thermal effects of an AcuPulse Duo CO₂ (CO₂ AP), UltraPulse Duo CO₂ (CO₂ UP), KTP, and Blue laser were analyzed using a Schlieren technique on a human tissue mimicking gel model. Power, laser duration, laser fiber distance to tissue and mode (continuous wave [CW] vs pulsed [P] modes) were evaluated in varying combinations in order to compare the effects of the tested lasers and to explore the individual effect on thermal expansion and incision depth of each setting. The model was validated by comparing the results from the Schlieren model with histology of <em>ex vivo</em> fresh human vocal folds after laser irradiation using a selection of the same laser settings, and calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One thousand ninety-eight Schlieren experiments and 56 vocal cord experiments were conducted. In comparison with CW mode, less thermal expansion occurred in P mode in all lasers, while incisions were deeper in the CO₂ and more superficial in the KTP and Blue lasers. The mean thermal expansion was found to be minimally smaller, whereas incision depth was pronouncedly smaller in the KTP and Blue compared to the CO₂ lasers. Duration of laser irradiation was the most important factor of influence on thermal expansion and incision depth for all lasers in both CW and P modes. The ICC for consistency between the results of the Schlieren model and the vocal cord histology was classified from fair to excellent, except for the thermal expansion of the Blue laser, which was classified as poor.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study demonstrates important differences in thermal effects between CO₂, KTP, and Blue lasers which can be explained by the different physical characteristics of the P modes and divergence of the fiber delivery system. The Schlieren imaging model is a good predictor of the relative thermal effects in vocal fold tissue. Our results can be used as a guidance for ENT surgeons using fiber-routed lasers, in order to achieve effective treatment of vocal fold lesions and prevention of functional impairment of vocal folds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892199722000741/pdfft?md5=c0ef3a48c42c6269e65b42ed95c05190&pid=1-s2.0-S0892199722000741-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80467991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phonosurgical Injection Approaches for Voice Restoration After Open Partial Horizontal Laryngectomies: A Pilot Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of phonosurgical corrective approaches based on injection laryngoplasties<span> and pharyngoplasties followed by speech therapy for voice restoration after unsatisfactory phonatory results of open partial horizontal </span></span>laryngectomies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Ten patients with not satisfying phonatory results despite speech therapy after type II or type III open partial horizontal laryngectomies (OPHLs) were included. Each patient underwent a voice restoration program based on phonosurgery (injection laryngoplasty and/or injection pharyngoplasty) with hyaluronic acid and/or </span>calcium hydroxyapatite, followed by post-surgical voice rehabilitation. Voices were recorded and analysed through spectrographic, aerodynamic, perceptual, laryngoscopic and self-assessment evaluations before the treatment (T0), after 1 month (T1) and after three months (T2).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Significant improvements in the patients voices were found between T0, T1 and T2 concerning acoustic, perceptual, aerodynamic, laryngoscopic and self assessment evaluations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results of the present study support phonosurgical injection procedures followed by speech therapy as an effective strategy for voice restoration after type II or type III OPHLs in selected patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85845888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voice Outcome After Carbon Dioxide Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Glottic Cancer According to the European Laryngological Society Classification of Cordectomy Types – A Systematic Review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Voice outcome after carbon dioxide transoral laser microsurgery (CO</span>₂<span>TOLMS) for glottic cancer<span><span> is of prime importance. However, a comprehensive overview according to the European Laryngological Society (ELS) classification of cordectomies is still lacking. The aim of this </span>systematic review is to summarize data on voice outcome associated with individual types of ELS glottic cordectomy after CO</span></span>₂TOLMS.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>A systematic review of the literature was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. The initial search identified 936 records of which 25 publications were then included. Voice outcome data (Voice Handicap Index [VHI] version 30, grade of dysphonia<span> [G] and maximum phonation time [MPT]) were extracted per resection type. Weighted averages were calculated.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Data show a gradual increase in the VHI scores although they were still similar for all cordectomy types (range 14.2 to 21.5). The grade of dysphonia showed a gradual increase with increasing resection depth (range 1.0 to 1.9). There was a gradual decrease in the MPT (range 15.2 to 7.2).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Voice outcome is related to cordectomy type with mild dysphonia characterizing ELS type I, II and III cordectomies, while more extended cordectomies (ELS type IV, V and VI) result in moderate dysphonia and shortness of breath during phonation. The voice handicap experienced by patients is limited even in the more extended cordectomies</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74756027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glottic Insufficiency in the Vertical Plane in Patients With Unknown-Source Unilateral Vocal Fold Hypomobility","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>To observe the laryngeal CT and strobe laryngoscopy signs of unilateral </span>vocal fold hypomobility (UVFHM) in patients with well-closed glottises in the horizontal plane.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective analysis was performed on 18 subjects with well-closed glottises in the horizontal plane using strobe laryngoscopy, 9 patients diagnosed with unilateral vocal fold hypomobility with an unknown etiology were enrolled in the UVFHM group, and 9 healthy matched subjects with symmetrical bilateral vocal fold movement were enrolled in the control group. Vertical plane distances of bilateral vocal folds and three-dimensional structural parameters of vocal folds were measured through laryngeal CT. Glottic insufficiency in the vertical plane and reflux findings scores (RFS) were assessed under laryngeal CT and strobe laryngoscopy. Reflux symptom index (RSI) were collected. SPSS25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The height differences in vertical plane and thicknesses of bilateral vocal folds in the UVFHM group were larger than those in the control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while the length, width and subglottic convergence angle of the vocal folds were not statistically significant between the two groups (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). In the UVFHM group, laryngeal CT showed that 77.78% of patients (7/9) had glottic insufficiency in the vertical plane, with height differences ranging from 0.3 to 1.9 mm and a mean of 0.76mm. However, strobe laryngoscopy showed that 33.33% (3/9) had glottic insufficiency in the vertical plane. The proportion of patients with glottic insufficiency in vertical plane in the UVFHM group was significantly higher than that in the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). RSI and RFS scores of the UVFHM group were higher than those of the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><span>Glottic insufficiency in the vertical plane often occurred in patients with UVFHM with an unknown cause of hoarseness, so the presence of glottic insufficiency in the vertical plane should be considered when hoarseness is detected by clinicians. Laryngeal dynamic CT can enhance the diagnostic rate compared to strobe laryngoscopy. Unexplained UVFHM patients have higher RSI and RFS compared to control subjects, warranting further research about the relationship between UVFHM and </span>laryngopharyngeal reflux.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80661163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-assessment of teachers with normal larynges and vocal and osteomuscular complaints","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Teachers face vocal problems related to long periods of speech and increased sound pressure, as well as environmental noise, inadequate posture and tension of the cervical muscles.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To verify the results of self-assessment of teachers with normal larynges<span> and vocal and musculoskeletal complaints, and compare them with the reference values.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifty-seven teachers, aged between 21 and 60 years (average 40.14 years) participated in the study. Anamnesis<span>, otorhinolaryngological examination, hearing screening and self-assessment protocols were performed.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results.</h3><p><span><span>In the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, the majority of teachers had discomfort in most parts of the body and in the situations evaluated; on the voice-related quality of life, the total and physical subscores were lower than the normative values while the emotional subscore was higher; regarding voice symptoms scale and </span>vocal tract discomfort scale, the scores were higher than the normative values; in the </span>hospital anxiety and depression scale, there was alteration in the total score; in the Vocal Activity and Participation Profile, the effects on work and emotion were above the normative values; on the University of Rhode Island change assessment—voice and on the voice handicap index there were no significant differences.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Most of the teachers presented vocal, musculoskeletal, and emotional complaints on the self-assessment results, what suggests excessive voice use as well as overload on the body muscles, including the larynx and vocal tract, and that they presented emotional changes. These aspects had an impact on their quality of life, but they showed no action in coping with the condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78184200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duration of Effect and Associated Factors of Injection Laryngoplasty","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Injection laryngoplasty (IL) has become a mainstay in the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis due to technical ease and avoidance of open surgery. The duration of IL effect depends on the injected material and has not been defined clearly. We aimed to define the effective duration of IL and to investigate the associated factors.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifty-nine patients who underwent IL for unilateral vocal fold paralysis were included. IL was performed using a cricothyroid membrane approach under local anesthesia. During follow-up, in cases that developed subjective hoarseness with objective glottic insufficiency, a second IL was performed, and loss of IL effect was recorded. The duration of IL was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and the associations between duration of effect and various factors such as postinjection voice therapy, injected material, and cause of paralysis were investigated using log-rank test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 59 patients, 20 (33.9 %) received a second IL. The median time interval between the first and second IL was 3.3 months (95% CI, 0.4∼27.8 months). The mean duration of effect after IL was 42.5 months (95% CI, 32.1∼52.9 months), and the rate of persisting effect was 63.4% at 1-year after IL (1-year effect rate) and 59.4% at 2 years after IL. The 1-year effect rate was 80.8% in cases with postinjection voice therapy and 57.8% in those without postinjection voice therapy (<em>P</em> = 0.084). Injected material, DM, HTN, patient age and sex, and cause of paralysis had no effect on the 1-year effect rate.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The mean duration of IL effect was 42.5 months, and the rate of persisting effect was 63.4% at 1-year after IL. There were no significant factors affecting the duration of effect, although the duration tended to be slightly longer in cases with postinjection voice therapy. Further study with a prospective, randomized design is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892199722000832/pdfft?md5=c498e4d5efc846346cc571d4078412fc&pid=1-s2.0-S0892199722000832-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75896974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H2O2 Concentration in Exhaled Breath Condensate Increases After Phonotrauma: A Promise of Noninvasive Monitoring?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.02.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The present study was designed to observe the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂<span>) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) after induced phonotrauma.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-five participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (1) Vocal demand and (2) Control. Participants in the experimental group (vocal demand) were asked to read aloud some texts during 1 hour, at 85-90 dB. Inflammation (H₂O₂ from exhaled breath condensate), acoustic, aerodynamic, and subjective measures were obtained at four time points: before vocal demand (baseline), immediately after baseline, 4-hour after baseline, and 24 hours after baseline. The same acquisition process was implemented for subjects in control group, except that they were not asked to engage in any vocal demand tasks at all.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>As for biological samples, a significant effect for group was observed. Higher values were found for participants in experimental condition. Significant differences were observed for within contrasts in the experimental group, namely 4 hours against baseline, 4 hours against immediately post, and 24 hours against 4 hours. Instrumental outcomes did not show significant differences across the different conditions at any time points. Self-reported measures (vocal fatigue and sensation of muscle tension) showed a significant main effect for group and main effect for condition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Intense vocal demand causes an increase in the concentration of H₂O₂<span> obtained from EBC at four hours after baseline, which is compatible with the generation of an inflammatory process in the vocal folds (phonotrauma). Moreover, the increase in the sensation of vocal fatigue and muscle tension after demand tasks seems to be an immediate reaction that did not match in time with the increment of H</span>₂O₂ concentration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74930327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memoriam: Professor Edwin Man-Lai Yiu","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892199724002698/pdfft?md5=24b85a5a463504199a927739db2c89cc&pid=1-s2.0-S0892199724002698-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of the Singer's Formant Cluster Optimization by Epilaryngeal Narrowing With and Without Velopharyngeal Opening.","authors":"Tomáš Vampola, Jaromír Horáček, Anne-Maria Laukkanen","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.07.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.07.035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to find the optimal geometrical configuration of the vocal tract (VT) to increase the total acoustic energy output of human voice in the frequency interval 2-3.5 kHz \"singer's formant cluster,\" (SFC) for vowels [a:] and [i:] considering epilaryngeal changes and the velopharyngeal opening (VPO). The study applied 3D volume models of the vocal and nasal tract based on computer tomography images of a female speaker. The epilaryngeal narrowing (EN) increased the total sound pressure level (SPL) and SPL of the SFC by diminishing the frequency difference between acoustic resonances F₃ and F₄ for [a:] and between F₂ and F₃ for [i:]. The effect reached its maximum at the low pharynx/epilarynx cross-sectional area ratio 11.4:1 for [a:] and 25:1 for [i:]. The acoustic results obtained with the model optimization are in good agreement with the results of an internationally recognized operatic alto singer. With the EN and the VPO, the VT input reactance was positive over the entire f_o singing range (ca 75-1500 Hz). The VPO increased the strength of the SFC and diminished the SPL of F₁ for both vowels, but with EN, the SPL decrease was compensated. The effect of EN is not linear and depends on the vowel. Both the EN and the VPO alone and together can support (singing) voice production.</p>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}