Journal of Voice最新文献

{"title":"Association Between Anterior Laryngeal Microweb and Vocal Fold Nodules: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Claudia Esper Zamar, Sergio A Terrasa, Jorgelina Pachamé, Iris Rodríguez, Federico Sala","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether congenital anterior laryngeal microweb is associated with vocal fold nodules (VFN), and to assess its prevalence in patients diagnosed with VFN and the coexistence of multiple minor structural alterations of the vocal cords (MSAs) as described by Paulo Pontes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective case-control study was conducted in patients evaluated between 2012 and 2024. A total of 99 patients with VFN were included in the case group. A total of 649 were included in the control group, described as patients without VFN. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of microweb was 16% (16/99) in cases and 5% (36/649) in controls. After adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, smoking status, coexistence of other minor laryngeal alterations, asthma, rhinitis, gastroesophageal reflux, and professional voice use, an association was observed (OR 4.14; 95% CI 1.82-9.39) between a history of laryngeal microweb and the development of VFN. Among the 96 patients with MSAs, 11 (11%) presented more than one alteration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study to attempt to control for potential confounding through a case-control design, confirming the association between anterior laryngeal microweb and VFN.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 3: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect Of Hyoid Movement On Vocal Fold And False Vocal Fold Configurations In Excised Human Larynges.","authors":"Zhaoyan Zhang, Lilliana Wang, Sarah Lehoux","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>While it is generally understood that extrinsic muscle activation may change larynx position and orientation, its effect on vocal fold configuration, particularly the medial surface shape, remains largely unknown. In this study, the effects of hyoid bone movement on the true and false vocal fold configurations were investigated in excised human larynges.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>For each larynx, a window was opened on one thyroid lamina to provide a medial view of the true vocal fold and false vocal fold. The larynx was mounted vertically with the cricoid cartilage fixed. The hyoid bone position was systematically modified along both the superior and anterior-posterior directions. The three-dimensional shape of the vocal fold medial surface and false vocal fold was reconstructed at different hyoid positions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Upward hyoid movement lifted the false vocal fold, increasing both the vertical width and depth of the ventricle. Upward hyoid movement also decreased vocal fold length and tilted the vocal fold upward and backward (except for anterior-superior hyoid movement), and increased glottal width (except for posterior-superior hyoid movement). The effect of upward hyoid movement on vocal fold vertical thickness was insignificant and larynx-specific.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that extralaryngeal manipulations have more consistent effects on vocal fold length and tilting than the shape of the vocal fold medial surface, which appears to be largely controlled by intrinsic laryngeal muscles.</p>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13693426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Differences in Acoustic Voice Quality and Mandarin Lexical-Tone Production Among Mandarin-Speaking Women.","authors":"Hager Ahmed Abdelsattar, Sumbul A Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate whether there are age differences in acoustic voice quality, Mandarin lexical-tone production, and within-speaker tone stability in Mandarin-speaking healthy women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 220 women aged 18-84 years participated in a cross-sectional study and completed sustained vowel, maximum phonation time, connected speech, and Mandarin lexical-tone tasks. Smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS), F0, jitter, shimmer, harmonics-to-noise ratio, corrected spectral voice-source measures, speech timing, AVQIv3-M, and time-normalized F0 contours for Tones 1-4 were analyzed. The contour root-mean-square error was used to quantify the tone stability. Generalized additive models and mixed-effects models were used to explore the age effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As age increased, CPPS, F0, harmonics-to-noise ratio, F0 range, speech rate, and maximum phonation time decreased, while jitter, shimmer, AVQIv3-M, corrected spectral measures, and CAPE-V ratings increased. The overall contour patterns of the four tones remained the same, but there were some differences in duration, excursion, and timing of these tones. Tone 3 exhibited the greatest contour variations, such as a delayed turning point and fewer measurable final rises. After adjustment for covariates, contour RMSE was positively related to age and negatively related to passage CPPS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In healthy aging, Mandarin-speaking women show changes both in the overall phonological quality and lexical-tone precision. The fusion of voice and tone-contour measures could help better assess Mandarin speech at the age level.</p>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Pressure and Sustained Performance Across Etiologic Categories of Voice Disorders: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Narihiro Kodama, Hiroki Sato, Katsuya Nakamura, Kiyohito Hosokawa","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether a data-driven composite factor reflecting respiratory pressure-generating capacity and sustained pressure performance differs across etiologic categories of voice disorders and to examine its associations with maximum phonation time (MPT) and cepstral measures of phonatory stability.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-three patients with voice disorders underwent voice and respiratory function assessments. Respiratory variables, including percent vital capacity (%VC), forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV₁/FVC), maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax), and inspiratory and expiratory Mean Sustained Pressure Index (MSPI), were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) to derive a Respiratory Muscle Performance Factor (RMPF), a composite factor reflecting maximal pressure-generating capacity and sustained pressure performance. Differences in RMPF across etiologic categories (organic, neurological, and functional voice disorders) were examined using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for age and sex. Associations between RMPF and phonatory measures, including MPT and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) derived from sustained vowels and connected speech, were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients within each etiologic category.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RMPF differed significantly across diagnostic categories (P = 0.004), with the organic voice disorder group demonstrating significantly higher values than the functional voice disorder group. No significant effects of age or sex were observed. In the organic and neurological voice disorder groups, RMPF showed significant positive correlations with MPT. In contrast, in the functional voice disorder group, RMPF showed a significant positive correlation with CPP derived from the connected-speech sentence \"waɾanojanenoieda.\" No significant associations were observed between RMPF and the remaining cepstral measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Respiratory muscle performance differs across etiologic categories of voice disorders and demonstrates diagnosis-specific associations with phonatory measures. Functional voice disorders were characterized by an association between respiratory function and connected-speech phonatory stability, whereas organic and neurological voice disorders demonstrated associations with phonatory duration. These findings suggest that disease-specific respiratory-phonatory interactions may contribute to differences in voice production and phonatory performance across voice disorder populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Emotion Recognition Using Hybrid VMD and EWT Based Cepstral Feature Extraction.","authors":"Siba Prasad Mishra, Pankaj Warule, Sudhansu Sekhar Nayak, B Kameswara Rao, Suman Deb","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has gained significant research attention over the past three decades owing to its diverse real-world applications, including human-computer interaction, healthcare, call centers, automotive systems, education, and security. The primary goal of SER is to accurately identify human emotions from speech and enhance emotion classification performance.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Recent studies have shown that signal decomposition-based feature extraction methods are more effective at capturing emotional cues than direct speech-level feature extraction, as different decomposition techniques can uncover complementary emotional information across the various frequency components of speech.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Motivated by this, the present study integrates two signal decomposition approaches, such as variational mode decomposition (VMD) and empirical wavelet transform (EWT), to decompose the speech signal frame (SSF) into multiple sub-signals, referred to as modes or intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). From these decomposed signals, features such as mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and mel frequency magnitude coefficient (MFMC) are extracted. The VMD- and EWT-derived features are then combined to form the proposed variational mode empirical wavelet transform-based mel frequency cepstral and magnitude coefficient (PVEWMFCMC) features, which are utilized for emotion classification using a Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the proposed PVEWMFCMC features, combined with a DNN model, achieved speaker-dependent classification accuracies of 91.76%, 86.92%, and 81.53% on the EMO-DB, EMOVO, and RAVDESS datasets, respectively. To further evaluate the generalization capability of the proposed approach, speaker-independent evaluation using the Leave-One-Speaker-Out (LOSO) protocol was also performed, achieving accuracies of 74.59%, 58.43%, and 56.79% on the EMO-DB, EMOVO, and RAVDESS datasets, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Support in Singing: A Pilot Prospective Randomized Crossover Study of Osteopathy and Singing Technique in 15 Amateur Singers\".","authors":"Bageshree N Pande, Esha Singhal, Arun Kumar, Palavardhan Peddapalegani, Fayaz Ahamed","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.08.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.08.052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the Spotlight: The Influence of Microphone Visibility on Voice Production and Perception.","authors":"Charles J Nudelman, Ariana Y Seidman, Christine M Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examines whether the presence of a visible microphone during acoustic recordings of voice affects acoustic measures and self-reported vocal status in patients with voice disorders and controls.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventeen participants (7 with voice disorders; 10 controls) were enrolled. Voice recordings involved connected speech and a sustained vowel. These tasks occurred during a visible microphone condition and a non-visible microphone condition, presented in random order, before and after 45 minutes of voice use. Acoustic voice outcomes included measures of sound pressure level, cepstral peak prominence smoothed, and time dose. Self-reported vocal status ratings included vocal discomfort, vocal effort, and vocal congruence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microphone visibility was associated with lower sound pressure level values and higher time dose values. There was no significant effect of microphone visibility on self-reported vocal discomfort, vocal effort, or vocal congruence. Exploratory group comparisons indicated that patients reported greater vocal discomfort and effort and lower vocal congruence than controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this sample, microphone visibility was associated with changes in certain acoustic outcomes but not with significant changes in self-reported vocal status. These findings suggest that microphone visibility may influence how speakers produce voice during clinical-voice evaluations, even when speakers do not report a corresponding change in vocal status. The results reinforce the importance of considering the recording context during acoustic voice assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149065784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Voice Outcomes of Eclectic Voice Therapy for Vocal Nodules.","authors":"Ranjitha Kashyap Bannur Nanjundaswamy, Jayakumar Thirunavukkarasu, Prakash Tumkur Kumaraswamy","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The treatment of vocal nodules includes microsurgery, voice therapy, or a combination. Research studies have reported the benefits of voice therapy in vocal nodules; however, there is less evidence on systematic voice therapy approaches specific to vocal nodules. Hence, the current study aims to establish the short-term outcome of a systematic Eclectic Voice Therapy Program named Comprehensive Voice Habilitation Program (CVHP), modified in the treatment of vocal nodules.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifteen individuals with vocal nodules in the age range of 20-55 years received the modified CVHP for 15 sessions spread across 3 weeks. A stroboscopy examination was performed at the baseline and posttherapy to track the changes in laryngeal functions. Further, Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice in Kannada (CAPE-V Kannada), Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI), and Voice Fatigue Index in Kannada (VFI-K) were obtained at the baseline, posttherapy, and two follow-ups to report the voice therapy outcomes. Related- samples Friedman's Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks and pairwise comparisons were made to note the pre-post and follow-up changes in voice outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stroboscopy findings revealed a reduction in the size of the vocal nodules in 8 participants and complete recovery from vocal nodules in 7 participants, posttherapy. Also, there was a significant improvement in movement patterns and symmetry of the vocal folds in all the participants. Perceptual ratings and AVQI scores decreased in posttherapy and follow-up evaluations, indicating a decrease in dysphonia severity over time. In addition, a significant decrement in VFI-K scores indicated the alleviation of self-perceived vocal fatigue-related symptoms in the participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study reported the short-term outcome of Eclectic voice therapy in vocal nodules by documenting significant changes in the voice-related outcome measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149117683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Surgical Outcomes of 321 Pediatric Subglottic Stenoses: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Aliya Turayeva, Gulmira Mukhamadiyeva, Almat Bekpan, Tolga Kandogan, Nataliya Papulova, Kalamkas Sagandykova, Jerome R Lechien","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate epidemiological, etiological, and surgical outcomes of pediatric subglottic stenosis (PSS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of 321 children with PSS, identified through the national multicenter database of the Republic of Kazakhstan (data centralized at the Salidat Kairbekova National Scientific Center for Health Development, Astana) and treated at institutions across all regions of the country from 2019 to 2024, were retrieved for demographic, etiological, and surgical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 520 identified PLS patients, 321 had PSS (133 females). The female/male ratio progressively shifted to a predominance of males from 2019 to 2024. The mean age of diagnosed patients was 4.38 years. Most PSS cases were Myer-Cotton grades I and II. A total of 383 surgical procedures were carried out in the 321 patients (1.2 procedures per patient), primarily consisting of balloon dilatation with transoral CO2 laser tissue excision (n = 191), transoral cold instrument tissue resection (n = 89), and transoral CO2 laser tissue excision without balloon dilatation (n = 64). Of the 39 tracheostomized patients, 14 (35.9%) were adequately decannulated postoperatively, with 61 patients being decannulated immediately after the first procedure. The mean hospital stay was 9.0 ± 4.0 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Grade-tailored surgical approaches for PSS achieved favorable decannulation rates, with transoral procedures being effective for lower-grade stenoses in pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Acoustic Exploration of Female Voice Under Loading in Beijing's Winter Environment.","authors":"AnTong Liu, HaKyung Kim, XiaoMing Liu, ShuHuan An, XiaoShan Ying, MeiNi Zhou, MuFeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2026.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This exploratory study examined whether female university students with different residence durations in Beijing differed in subjective voice symptoms, baseline acoustic characteristics, and acoustic responses to a laryngeal diadochokinesis vocal loading task (LDDK-VLT) in winter.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-one nonsmoking female undergraduate students aged 18-21 years were recruited at Beijing Language and Culture University and divided into recent arrivals (n = 16), intermediate residents (n = 14), and local controls (n = 11). Acoustic recordings were obtained at baseline (t0), immediately after the LDDK-VLT (t1), and after a 15-minute quiet rest (t2). Measures included Maximum Phonation Time (MPT), Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI), Fundamental Frequency (F0), Intensity, Jitter, Shimmer, Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR), and Smoothed Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPPS). Participants completed the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) and Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) after all recordings. Group differences, acoustic change scores, questionnaire-acoustic associations, and longitudinal acoustic trajectories were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recent arrivals showed numerically higher VHI-10 and VFI Factor 1 scores than local controls, but no questionnaire or baseline acoustic measure differed significantly across groups after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Change-score analyses showed an uncorrected group difference for post-rest Jitter (free speech) change, but this did not survive FDR correction. Linear mixed-effects models showed significant corrected time effects for MPT, DSI, Intensity (reading), Intensity (free speech), Shimmer (reading), CPPS (reading), and CPPS (free speech). No group main effect or Group × Time interaction remained significant after correction. Questionnaire-acoustic associations were exploratory and did not survive correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The LDDK-VLT elicited measurable time-dependent acoustic changes, whereas residence duration in Beijing did not significantly moderate longitudinal acoustic trajectories after correction. Descriptive patterns in subjective scores and selected acoustic changes suggest that residence duration may be relevant to voice status and recovery, but larger studies with direct environmental exposure assessment are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49954,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Voice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}