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Relationship between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein in postmortem urine 死后尿液中 N 端前脑钠肽浓度与心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白之间的关系

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102479

Shojiro Takasu, Sari Matsumoto, Yuko Kanto, Kyoko Iwadate, Kimiharu Iwadate

{"title":"Relationship between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein in postmortem urine","authors":"Shojiro Takasu, Sari Matsumoto, Yuko Kanto, Kyoko Iwadate, Kimiharu Iwadate","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The clinical use of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and blood concentrations of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP) is well-established in diagnosing heart conditions. However, their applicability in forensics is controversial due to postmortem changes. NT-proBNP and HFABP are excreted in the urine due to their small molecular weights and may be found in postmortem urine samples; however, their correlation has not been evaluated. In this study, we compared the concentrations of urinary NT-proBNP and HFABP in 386 forensic autopsy cases. The urinary NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF), sepsis, and hyperthermia cases, with the highest levels in CHF cases. Similarly, HFABP concentration was significantly higher in CHF, sepsis, and hyperthermia cases, with the highest level observed in hyperthermia cases. However, the difference in urinary HFABP levels between the AMI and control cases was not significant. Our analysis revealed a correlation between postmortem urine NT-proBNP and HFABP levels, and the NT-proBNP/HFABP ratio was high in patients with CHF and sepsis cases and low in those with hyperthermia. The difference between the ratios was possibly due to the combined release of ventricular myocardial cells in response to ventricular wall stress and myocardial injury for NT-proBNP, as well as myocardial and skeletal muscle injuries for HFABP. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the utility of postmortem measurements of urinary NT-proBNP and HFABP levels, offering valuable insights for improving the accuracy of postmortem diagnosis in forensic medicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of the lethal mechanism of insulin poisoning and the characteristic of forensic identification 回顾胰岛素中毒的致死机制和法医鉴定的特点

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102478

Zhonghao Yu , Yuhao Yuan , Jiaxin Zhang, Yiling Li, Zhaoxuan Wang, Yubei Wang, Yijie Duan, Yiwu Zhou

引用次数: 0

β stimulator induces upregulation of miR-27a in the rat heart one hour after the injection 注射一小时后，β刺激物诱导大鼠心脏中的 miR-27a 上调。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102475

Tadashi Hosoya , Kazuki Harada , Jun Kanetake

{"title":"β stimulator induces upregulation of miR-27a in the rat heart one hour after the injection","authors":"Tadashi Hosoya , Kazuki Harada , Jun Kanetake","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MicroRNAs (miRs) are non-coding small RNA containing 18 to 22 nucleotides, that post-transcriptionally regulates mRNA expression. Chronic injection of β stimulator is known to induce cardiac injury and change of miRs expression level in the heart with some pathological changes such as fibrosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction. We investigated the changes in the expression level of miRs in the rat heart one hour after isoproterenol (a β stimulator) injection.</p><p>Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three groups and received subcutaneous injection of normal sarin (NS) or 0.1 mg/kg isoproterenol (ISO-0.1) or 10 mg/kg isoproterenol (ISO-10). After one hour, we collected their heart and plasma. Total RNA was extracted from the left ventricle and used for deep miRNA sequencing. Based on the results of miRNA sequencing, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using 8 miR primers. Cardiac injury was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin, and phosphotungstic acid–hematoxylin staining and measuring troponin-I levels in plasma.</p><p>Troponin-I was significantly increased in ISO-0.1 and ISO-10 groups, but histological observation did not show any cardiac necrosis. miRNA sequencing identified 14 upregulated miRs and 12 downregulated miRs. Of the 26 miRs, RT-PCR confirmed miR-144-3p/5p and miR-451-5p were decreased, and that 5 miRs (miR-27a-5p, miR-30b-3p, miR-92a-1-5p, miR-132-5p, miR-582-3p) were upregulated.</p><p>This study showed that β stimulus causes downregulation of miR-144/451 cluster and increases expression of five 5 miRs in the heart, especially 6.5-fold upregulation of miR-27a-5p as early as one hour after isoproterenol injection. Therefore, these miRs might be good biomarkers for cardiac injury.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622324000853/pdfft?md5=1f107f72c036656bc2d13e227544c1fc&pid=1-s2.0-S1344622324000853-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Postmortem changes in the eye on computed tomography images 计算机断层扫描图像上的眼球死后变化。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102477

Motoo Yoshimiya, Shogo Shimbashi, Hideki Hyodoh

{"title":"Postmortem changes in the eye on computed tomography images","authors":"Motoo Yoshimiya, Shogo Shimbashi, Hideki Hyodoh","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ocular tension decreases with increasing postmortem interval (PMI) and eyes collapse with extreme progression of postmortem change; however, time-related changes in postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) findings have not been clarified. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the vitreous volume and CT values of the vitreous body to clarify time-related changes in PMCT.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively reviewed PMCT images of the eyes of subjects who underwent autopsy at our institution between July 2023 and February 2024. They were classified into four PMI groups: PMI-1: < 1 day, PMI-2: 1–2 days, PMI-3: 3–6 days, PMI-4: ≥ 7 days. The vitreous volumes and mean CT values of the vitreous chambers were measured. Additionally, the presence of intraocular gas and crystalline lens dislocation was observed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The PMCT images of 131 eyes of 66 patients (41 males, 25 females) were analyzed. The mean age was 63.7 (22–99) years. The volume of the vitreous cavity was significantly decreased at PMI-3 and PMI-4, which indicated scleral depression. Intraocular gas appeared in PMI-4. Lens dislocation began at PMI-3 and was more frequently observed at PMI-4 and in the higher-temperature environment group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Ocular findings on PMCT are useful for estimating the time of death.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622324000877/pdfft?md5=67e57d6feb704e3728c3d297cc02b367&pid=1-s2.0-S1344622324000877-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep learning in sex estimation from photographed human mandible using the Human Osteological Research Collection 利用人类骨质研究收藏库，从拍摄的人类下颌骨中进行性别估计的深度学习。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102476

Anniina Kuha , Jan Ackermann , Juho-Antti Junno , Anna Oettlé , Petteri Oura

{"title":"Deep learning in sex estimation from photographed human mandible using the Human Osteological Research Collection","authors":"Anniina Kuha , Jan Ackermann , Juho-Antti Junno , Anna Oettlé , Petteri Oura","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sex estimation is a necessary part of forensic and osteological analyses of skeletal human remains in the construction of a biological profile. Several skeletal traits are sexually dimorphic and used for skeletal sex estimation. The human mandible and morphological traits therein have been long used for sex estimation, but the validity of using the mandible in this purpose has become a concern. In this study, we examined the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and especially deep learning (DL) to provide accurate sex estimations from the mandible. We used 193 modern South African mandibles from the Human Osteological Research Collection (HORC) in the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences university with known sex to conduct our study. All mandibles were photographed from the same angle and the photographs were analyzed with an open-source DL software. The best-performing DL algorithm estimated the sex of males with 100% accuracy and females with 76.9% accuracy. However, further studies with a higher number of specimens could provide more reliable validity for using AI when building the biological profile from skeletal remains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622324000865/pdfft?md5=2f68d7eb682ea73f572186da8b4465af&pid=1-s2.0-S1344622324000865-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iron contact burns and the path to the diagnosis of child abuse 铁接触灼伤和诊断虐待儿童的途径

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102474

Alberto Amadasi , Saskia Etzold

引用次数: 0

Population genetics for 18 short tandem repeat loci (Canine GenotypesTM Panel 2.1 Kit) of 150 unrelated dogs from three pure-bred groups in Japan 日本三个纯种犬群体中 150 只无血缘关系犬的 18 个短串联重复位点的群体遗传学（犬基因型面板 2.1 套件

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102472

Fubuki Kunita , Chihiro Udagawa , Takeshi Inagaki , Hideto Suzuki , Makoto Bonkobara , Toshinori Omi

{"title":"Population genetics for 18 short tandem repeat loci (Canine GenotypesTM Panel 2.1 Kit) of 150 unrelated dogs from three pure-bred groups in Japan","authors":"Fubuki Kunita , Chihiro Udagawa , Takeshi Inagaki , Hideto Suzuki , Makoto Bonkobara , Toshinori Omi","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Similar to that in Europe and the United States, the need for forensic DNA identification in dogs is increasing in Japan. As few studies have used commercial genotyping kits, the effectiveness of the Canine Genotypes<sup>TM</sup> Panel 2.1 Kit for individual DNA identification in dogs bred in Japan was examined. We genotyped 150 unrelated dogs (50 Golden Retrievers, 50 Miniature Dachshunds, and 50 Shiba Inu) at 18 canine short tandem repeat loci by the Kit. The allele frequency, expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, p-value, power of the discriminant, and of exclusion, polymorphic information content, and random matching probability were calculated for each marker. The random matching probability was subsequently estimated to be 4.394×10<sup>-22</sup> in the 150 dogs of the three pure-bred groups based on 18 STR loci; 3.257 × 10<sup>−16</sup> in the Golden Retriever, 3.933 × 10<sup>−18</sup> in the Miniature Dachshund, and 2.107 × 10<sup>−18</sup> in the Shiba Inu breeds. In addition, principal component analysis based on genotype data revealed the Golden Retrievers, Miniature Dachshunds, and Shiba Inus separated into three clusters. The results of the genotype analysis showed that the Canine Genotypes<sup>TM</sup> Panel 2.1 Kit could be useful for identity testing and tool of population study of canines in Japan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622324000828/pdfft?md5=20281072b6decfb63db8fe97a7d6569b&pid=1-s2.0-S1344622324000828-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An autopsy case of a young man with a single overdose of dextromethorphan 一例单次过量服用右美沙芬的年轻男子尸检病例

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102470

Kyoko Hasuwa, Noboru Inoue, Shuhei Tamura, Ikuko Terazawa, Katsuya Yuui, Risa Kudo, Shogo Kasuda

引用次数: 0

Pediatric skeletal injuries in emergency department; an alarm of child maltreatment in Egypt: A cross-sectional study 急诊科小儿骨骼损伤；埃及儿童虐待的警报：一项横断面研究。

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102471

Asmaa Mohammad Moawad , Eman Mohamed Ibraheim Moawad , Mohamed Ali Mohamed Mahrous , Marwa M. Zein , Amal Salama Mahmoud Mahmoud

{"title":"Pediatric skeletal injuries in emergency department; an alarm of child maltreatment in Egypt: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Asmaa Mohammad Moawad , Eman Mohamed Ibraheim Moawad , Mohamed Ali Mohamed Mahrous , Marwa M. Zein , Amal Salama Mahmoud Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Child physical abuse, a type of child maltreatment (CM), poses a significant global public health concern. Nonaccidental fractures and soft tissue injuries, which encompass any action that directly or indirectly harms a child, are the primary indicators of physical abuse in children.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of accidental and nonaccidental skeletal fractures in a sample of Egyptian children.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between March 2022 and August 2022. A total of 156 children who presented with skeletal injuries and attended Mobarak Central Hospital were enrolled. Patients were subjected to full history taking, complete examination, and investigations. A structured questionnaire was administered to all the legal guardians.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Physical abuse was reported in 22.4 % of cases, while medical neglect was reported in 19.9 % of cases. The incidence of physical abuse was notably higher among children whose fathers were smokers and/or drug addicts (p ≤ 0.05). The most common form of physical abuse was hitting (94.3 %). Among skeletal injuries, fractures were predominant (94.3 %), primarily closed fractures associated with contusions. Fractures of the upper limb accounted for the highest incidence (94.3 %) of skeletal injuries, and 60 % of physically abused children experienced moderate-severity injuries.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The most common fracture observed in abused children is the upper limb fracture, typically involving a single bone. Clinicians should be more vigilant in suspecting abuse, even in cases where there is an isolated fracture, and advocate for the development of parental training programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between serum catecholamine levels and VNTR polymorphism in the promoter region of the monoamine oxidase A gene in forensic autopsy cases 法医尸检病例中血清儿茶酚胺水平与单胺氧化酶 A 基因启动子区 VNTR 多态性的关系

IF 1.5 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102469

Aya Matsusue , Mio Takayama , Naoto Tani , Brian Waters , Masayuki Kashiwagi , Shin-ichi Kubo , Takaki Ishikawa

{"title":"Association between serum catecholamine levels and VNTR polymorphism in the promoter region of the monoamine oxidase A gene in forensic autopsy cases","authors":"Aya Matsusue , Mio Takayama , Naoto Tani , Brian Waters , Masayuki Kashiwagi , Shin-ichi Kubo , Takaki Ishikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) catalyzes oxidative deamination of catecholamines. A functional variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the promoter region of the <em>MAOA</em> gene has been previously reported. In the present study, we measured serum adrenaline (Adr), noradrenaline (Nad), and dopamine (DA) levels in 90 male and 34 female Japanese autopsy cases in which amphetamines or psychotropic drugs were not detected.We examined the frequencies of <em>MAOA</em>-uVNTR alleles in these cases and investigated the effects of the <em>MAOA</em>-uVNTR polymorphism on serum Adr, Nad, and DA levels. Evaluation indicated no significant association between <em>MAOA</em>-uVNTR polymorphism and serum Adr, Nad, or DA levels in males, although a significant association between <em>MAOA</em>-uVNTR polymorphism and serum Adr and DA levels were observed in females. Females with the 3/3 genotype had higher serum Adr and DA levels than those with a 4-repeat allele (3/4 and 4/4 genotypes) (<em>p</em> = 0.048 and 0.020, respectively). There was no significant association between <em>MAOA</em>-uVNTR polymorphism and serum Nad levels in females. The present study indicates that <em>MAOA</em>-uVNTR polymorphism influences serum Adr and DA levels only in females.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0