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Investigating sexual dimorphism of the mastoid, bimastoid, occipital, and facial triangles in different craniofacial skeletal patterns using three dimensional models generated from CT scans 利用CT扫描生成的三维模型研究不同颅面骨骼模式下乳突、乳突、枕和面部三角形的两性二态性

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102648

Gülay Açar , Demet Aydoğdu

{"title":"Investigating sexual dimorphism of the mastoid, bimastoid, occipital, and facial triangles in different craniofacial skeletal patterns using three dimensional models generated from CT scans","authors":"Gülay Açar , Demet Aydoğdu","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We aimed to introduce a new approach to sex determination using 3D models of skull triangles including mastoid (MT), bimastoid (BMT), occipital (OCT) and facial (FT) triangles to explore how to achieve better accuracy, and also to assess the influence of skeletal malocclusion parameters (ANB, SNA), cephalic index (CI), and Welcher basal angle (WBA). The study was conducted on152 3D computed tomography scans, in which the dimensions of skull triangles, ANB, SNA, WBA, cranial length (CL) and breadth (CB) were measured. All parameters except the angular measurements were higher in males than in females. Univariate discriminant function analysis (DFA) yielded an average accuracies ranging from 54.6% to 79.6%. Multivariate DFA increased the percentage of correct predictions of gender to vary from 79.6 to 89.5%. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the area under ROC curve value to vary from 0.458 to 0.870. There was a general tendency for a decrease in all triangle dimensions except FT with increasing CI. In some cases, skeletal malocclusion, CI, and WBA influenced the area of triangles. In general, dolichocephalic individuals with larger WBA had lower RMT and LMT areas, whereas dolichocephalic and mesocephalic individuals with Class III had higher BMT and OCT areas. In FT, brachycephalic subjects with Class III had the lowest and Class I had the highest area value. Our results suggest that the MT, BMT, FT, and CL can be used effectively for sex determination and skeletal malocclusion, CI, and WBA had some influence in dimensions of skull triangles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suicidal hanging with complete decapitation: A forensic case report with review of biomechanics 自杀上吊完全斩首：法医案例报告与生物力学回顾

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102649

Athul Vivek, Aparna Jayakala, Inesh Vij, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Anitta Joseph

{"title":"Suicidal hanging with complete decapitation: A forensic case report with review of biomechanics","authors":"Athul Vivek, Aparna Jayakala, Inesh Vij, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Anitta Joseph","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decapitation resulting from hanging is an infrequent phenomenon, often influenced by multiple biomechanical factors. We report a case of a 72-year-old male who committed suicide by hanging, leading to complete decapitation. The drop height was approximately 10.668 m, with a static nylon rope of 9 mm thickness used as ligature material. Autopsy findings showed complete severance at the cervical spine level, primarily at the junction of C4/C5 with an additional anterior hemi-transection at the C6/C7 junction. Calculations revealed axial and radial forces acting at the neck to be 534.1 N and 3354.15 N, respectively, which were found within the range of required forces described in the literature. Biomechanical analysis indicated the significant roles played by body weight, drop height, ligature material, and anatomical vulnerability due to advanced age. This report emphasizes the necessity for further research into biomechanics of different ligature materials and how aging affects the mechanical strength of cervical soft tissues, influencing susceptibility to cervical injuries and decapitation in hanging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age estimation using CT images of the pubic symphysis of Lebanese living individuals 利用CT图像估计黎巴嫩人耻骨联合的年龄

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102647

Cindy Mansour , Nicholas Márquez-Grant , Javier Lescure , Sarah Eid , María García Velasco , María Benito Sánchez

引用次数: 0

Histological insight into the fatal case of Guillain-Barre syndrome with atypical incidental presence of Marinesco bodies and corpora amylacea: an autopsy case report 组织学洞察格林-巴利综合征的不典型偶然存在的Marinesco体和淀粉体致命病例：尸检病例报告

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102646

Pulagura Siva Sai Kumar , Vikas Meshram , Divya Aggarwal , Aasma Nalwa , Kanishka Chaurasia

{"title":"Histological insight into the fatal case of Guillain-Barre syndrome with atypical incidental presence of Marinesco bodies and corpora amylacea: an autopsy case report","authors":"Pulagura Siva Sai Kumar , Vikas Meshram , Divya Aggarwal , Aasma Nalwa , Kanishka Chaurasia","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy clinically characterized by ascending motor paralysis, autonomic dysfunction, and respiratory failure etc. Though generally associated with a good prognosis, a few cases may turn fatal. On autopsy, gross findings are nonspecific. Hence, autopsy diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations and histopathological examination. We report an autopsy case of GBS, which showed remarkable diagnostic features of unusual incidental neurodegenerative findings atypical for that age. A 43-year-old male presented with fever, respiratory infection, paraesthesia, and motor weakness in both upper and lower limbs. The clinical features were suggestive of GBS with autonomic system involvement; subsequently, the patient developed paralytic ileus and died due to septicemia after two weeks of treatment. Postmortem examination revealed pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, and gangrenous ileal perforation. Histopathological analysis of the brain and cranial nerves, using different special stains and IHC, confirmed demyelination, evident by loss of myelin and myelin-engulfing macrophages. In addition to changes consistent with GB syndrome, the incidental discovery of Marinesco bodies, which are typically found in neurodegenerative diseases, is noted in this case. Corpora amylacea was also reported in multiple sections of the brain and cranial nerves, which are frequent in the old age group. GBS-associated dysautonomia, leading to rare complications such as paralytic ileus, proved fatal in this case. This case gives an account of various histopathological findings that assist in the diagnosis and confirmation of GBS. It also discusses incidental neurodegenerative changes that are atypical for age and unusual in neuroinflammatory cases like GBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A completed gastromalacia after brainstem hemorrhage within 24 h: A case report and literature review 脑干出血后24小时内完全性胃软化1例并文献复习

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102645

Jingzhou Yang , Longjin Zi , Fahui Duan , Ping Wang , Huan Liu

{"title":"A completed gastromalacia after brainstem hemorrhage within 24 h: A case report and literature review","authors":"Jingzhou Yang , Longjin Zi , Fahui Duan , Ping Wang , Huan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastromalacia is a postmortem feature characterized by rapid autolysis of the stomach, typically leading to a large rupture, predominantly in the gastric fundus. The pathophysiology of gastromalacia remains enigmatic. This study presents a novel case of a 32-year-old male who succumbed to respiratory failure after brainstem hemorrhage after sexual intercourse, which ultimately resulted in complete gastromalacia. Autopsy revealed hyperpyrexia (38.1 °C, 6 h post-mortem) and a substantial laceration (32 mm × 8 mm, irregular margins) in the inferior ventrolateral region of the pons on the right side. Additionally, the occurrence of complete gastromalacia within 24 h challenged our previous understanding that gastromalacia typically presents as a smaller lesion one day after death. Misdiagnosis of gastromalacia can arise from both forensic and clinical practices. This study raised the potential factors contributing to the rapid development of complete gastromalacia within 24 h. Through a literature review, we identified several key diagnostic indicators that may aid in distinguishing this condition, including a history of gastric ulceration, hyperthermia, and certain neurological disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NF-κB and SIRT1 evaluation to discriminate antemortem from postmortem wounds. Potential markers of skin wound vitality in forensic practice 评价NF-κB和SIRT1对死前和死后伤口的区别。法医实践中皮肤伤口生命力的潜在标志

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102635

Gabriella Teti , Filippo Pirani , Simone Gavelli , Alberto Gualandi , Maria Carla Mazzotti , Luca Berti , Mirella Falconi , Susi Pelotti , Paolo Fais

{"title":"NF-κB and SIRT1 evaluation to discriminate antemortem from postmortem wounds. Potential markers of skin wound vitality in forensic practice","authors":"Gabriella Teti , Filippo Pirani , Simone Gavelli , Alberto Gualandi , Maria Carla Mazzotti , Luca Berti , Mirella Falconi , Susi Pelotti , Paolo Fais","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background many studies have been conducted on wound age estimation, but to date no marker has been validated to use in routine forensic practice. To explore novel markers for vitality of wounds, we investigated the expression of the inflammatory-related marker nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and analyzed its correlation with the silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein in skin wounds. Methods: on 8 amputated human limbs we collected human skin tissue samples from the amputation site, as antemortem samples, and from wounds produced on the stored corresponding limbs, as postmortem samples. Samples were processed for western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis to evaluate the ex-pression of NF-κB and SIRT1 proteins. Results: cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of NF-κB in epidermal cells of antemortem wounds was higher than in postmortem wounds, where the NF-κB signal was mainly localized in the nuclei of keratinocytes. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a 2-fold increase in NF-κB protein in antemortem wounds. On the contrary, SIRT-1 levels were almost absent in antemortem wounds, while high nuclear staining was detected in keratinocytes in postmortem wounds. Quantitative analysis of the stained area demonstrated a 3-fold increase in SIRT1 protein in postmortem wounds. Conclusions: analysis of NF-κB and SIRT1 showed a different qualitative and quantitative pattern of expression in antemortem and postmortem wounds. They represent good candidates as biomarkers in wound vitality estimation in forensic pathology eventually to include them in a panel of biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 102635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fluorescence melting curve analysis for genotyping of c.1396G > A (rs473267) of phosphoglucomutase-3 gene 磷酸葡萄糖糖化酶-3基因c.1396G > A （rs473267）的荧光熔化曲线分析

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102634

Mikiko Soejima , Yoshiro Koda

引用次数: 0

Identification of an unidentified corpse with gingival overgrowth: A case report 一具牙龈过度生长的不明尸体的鉴定：一例报告

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102628

Hiroko Oka , Akira Namera , Narutaka Katsuya , Takahiro Harada , Ayumi Fujii , Wataru Fukumoto , Hiroshi Ito , Takafumi Nagao , Naoya Kakimoto , Masataka Nagao

{"title":"Identification of an unidentified corpse with gingival overgrowth: A case report","authors":"Hiroko Oka , Akira Namera , Narutaka Katsuya , Takahiro Harada , Ayumi Fujii , Wataru Fukumoto , Hiroshi Ito , Takafumi Nagao , Naoya Kakimoto , Masataka Nagao","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a common side effect of drugs, such as phenytoin, cyclosporine, and calcium channel blockers, which mainly affect the connective tissue of the gingiva. In some cases, severe gingival enlargement may obscure tooth crowns, which are easily recognizable by clinical internists and dentists. However, there are few reports on personal identification using DIGO and drug analysis. An unidentified Asian woman with a middle-to old-aged appearance was found dead in a river. DIGO was suspected based on the findings of severe gingival overgrowth and the results from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which detected several prescription drugs including a calcium channel blocker, amlodipine. This information led the police to identify potential candidates in nearby hospitals. Prescription and dental records from the investigation confirmed the identity of the deceased. The discovery of gingival overgrowth is an important indication for suspecting the use of calcium channel blockers, anticonvulsants, or immunosuppressants. This case reminds us that not only knowledge of the tooth findings but also of the gingival pathological findings are important for professionals in forensic fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 102628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A complex suicide with over 250 sharp force injuries and falling from height 这是一起复杂的自杀，有250多处锐器伤，并从高处坠落

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102631

Maya Neumann, Wolfgang Grellner

引用次数: 0

Diphenidol poisoning in forensic practice: Characteristic, Mechanism, Pathologic changes and organ distribution 法医实践中的苯二酚中毒：特征、机制、病理改变和器官分布

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2025.102632

Yangchang Ou , Ning Wang , Jiahui Li , Yihan Wang , Tingting Mai , Shu-Quan Zhao

引用次数: 0