Legal Medicine最新文献_第2页

Population genetic data for 23 STR loci (PowerPlex Fusion 6C™ kit) genetic markers in the Lenca ethnic group in Honduras 洪都拉斯伦卡族 23 个 STR 位点（PowerPlex Fusion 6C™ 套件）遗传标记的人口遗传数据

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102504

引用次数: 0

HIF-1α expression by immunohistochemistry and mRNA-210 levels by real time polymerase chain reaction in post-mortem cardiac tissues: A pilot study 死后心脏组织中 HIF-1α 的免疫组织化学表达和 mRNA-210 的实时聚合酶链反应水平：试点研究。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102508

{"title":"HIF-1α expression by immunohistochemistry and mRNA-210 levels by real time polymerase chain reaction in post-mortem cardiac tissues: A pilot study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The postmortem diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) represents a challenging issue in forensic practice. Immunohistochemical studies and gene expression studies are becoming a promising field of research in forensic pathology. The present study aims to evaluate HIF-1α expression through immunohistochemistry (IHC), and mRNA-210 level using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in order to define if HIF-1α and mRNA-210 in post-mortem myocardium could be adopted in the diagnosis of AMI.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Thirty-five deceased individuals, who underwent forensic autopsy at the Legal Medicine Service of the University of Parma, between 2010 and 2018, were investigated. The cohort was divided into two groups according to the cause of death (sudden deaths caused by AMI vs control cases). Cardiac specimens were collected during autopsy, then samples were processed for morphological evaluation using haematoxylin–eosin staining, for IHC, and for RT-PCR. HIF-1α expression and mRNA-210 levels were investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Statistical evaluation demonstrated statistically significant differences in terms of number of IHC positive vessels, leukocytes, and cardiomyocytes between the two groups. Moreover, in the majority of cases, immunostaining positivity was observed only in myocardial and subendocardial samples. With reference to mRNA-210, the difference between the two groups proved to be statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present study indicates that HIF-1α and mRNA-210 in post-mortem cardiac specimens could represent appropriate biomarkers in the diagnosis of AMI. The current study was primarily limited by the scarcity of the cohort, so further research is required to confirm these preliminary observations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Balancing acts: The dual faces of fentanyl in medicine and public health 平衡行为：芬太尼在医学和公共卫生中的双重面孔。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102507

{"title":"Balancing acts: The dual faces of fentanyl in medicine and public health","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid widely used in medicine for its effective analgesic properties, particularly in surgical procedures and in the treatment of severe, chronic pain. In recent decades, however, there has been a worrying increase in the illicit use of fentanyl, particularly in North America. This rise in illicit use is concerning because fentanyl is associated with polydrug abuse, which adds layers of complexity and dangerous. This review provides a comprehensive examination of fentanyl, focusing on its synthesis and medical use. It also discusses the significance of the piperidine ring in medicinal chemistry as well as the critical role of fentanyl in pain management and anesthesia. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges associated with the abuse potential of fentanyl and the resulting public health concerns. The study aims to strike a balance between the clinical benefits and risks of fentanyl by advocating for innovative uses while addressing public health issues. It examines the chemistry, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and highlights the importance of personalized medicine in the administration of opioids. The review underscores the necessity of continuous research and adaptation in both clinical use and public health strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Educating Japanese elementary students on proper smartphone use and social media risks: Reflecting on post-COVID-19 crime trends 教育日本小学生正确使用智能手机和社交媒体风险：反思 "COVID-19 "事件后的犯罪趋势。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102506

{"title":"Educating Japanese elementary students on proper smartphone use and social media risks: Reflecting on post-COVID-19 crime trends","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Smartphone ownership and social media use are increasing worldwide, and children are not exempt from these trends. Past studies on this issue have mainly focused on educational campaigns to prevent the prolonged use of smartphones, social media, and video games. Recently, harm to children from engagement with bad actors through social media has become a major problem in Japan, and preventive measures need to be based on close analysis of the facts. The present study was performed descriptive epidemiology and comparison between two groups.</p><p>This study investigated the number of children in Japan who fell victim to criminal offense through their use of social media, categorized by level of schooling, type of offense, and means of accessing social media over the 8-year period from 2016 to 2023. The 8-year period was divided into 2016–2019 (4 years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2020–2023 (4 years during the pandemic). Statistical analysis was conducted to compare these periods.</p><p>The number of elementary school students victimized by criminal offense through social media in Japan increased significantly in 4 years during the pandemic. Furthermore, in 4 years during the pandemic, there was also a notable rise in felony-related incidents, and an increase in the number of victims accessing social media via smartphones.</p><p>Schools, parents/guardians, and personnel and organizations in relevant fields need to collaborate in addressing and educating students about the proper use of smartphones and the risks of social media starting at the elementary school age.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of differences in mechanical properties and thickness of temporal and occipital bones and correlation with age in Japanese forensic samples 评估日本法医样本中颞骨和枕骨机械性能和厚度的差异以及与年龄的相关性。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102503

{"title":"Assessment of differences in mechanical properties and thickness of temporal and occipital bones and correlation with age in Japanese forensic samples","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanical properties and thickness of adult temporal and occipital bones were examined in modern Japanese forensic samples. Cranial bones were obtained from 293 Japanese corpses (179 men and 114 women). During autopsy, left temporal (LT), right temporal (RT), and occipital (O) bone samples were extracted from each skull. Sample thickness (ST) was measured using multidetector computed tomographic imaging. The fracture load (FL) of each sample was measured by a bending test, in which the flexural strength (FS) was calculated. The FL and ST values for O were significantly greater compared with those of the LT and RT bones. The temporal bones were thinner compared with other parts of the skull and at greater risk for fracture. There is a need to take precautions to prevent temporal bone fractures. There were no significant differences in any of the values between LT and RT, indicating bilateral symmetry of the temporal bones. There were significant negative correlations between age and the FL and FS values for all sites in both sexes, except for O in the male samples, suggesting that older individuals are at increased risk for fractures. No significant correlations were observed between age and ST values in any of the samples. There were significantly positive correlations between FL and ST values at all sites regardless of sex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence of secondary brain injuries and association with trauma circumstances in neuropathologically examined medico-legal autopsy cases with primary head trauma 经神经病理学检查发现的原发性头部外伤法医尸检病例中继发性脑损伤的发生率及其与外伤情况的关系。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102502

{"title":"Prevalence of secondary brain injuries and association with trauma circumstances in neuropathologically examined medico-legal autopsy cases with primary head trauma","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Primary head injury is often followed by secondary brain damage. However, the association between injury circumstances and the prevalence of secondary injuries remains unclear. We report the prevalence and association of secondary brain injuries with the circumstances in which a head injury was sustained. The sample comprised 76 neuropathologically examined medico-legal autopsy cases with an acute primary head injury. Neuropathology reports were analysed to determine the prevalence of various secondary injuries, i.e., hypoxic-ischaemic neuronal injury, brain oedema, and vascular axonal injury (VAI). The prevalences were compared between cases from three distinct injury circumstances, i.e., fall, assault, and strangulation. The sample had a median age of 49 years (interquartile range 27–73) and 71.1% were identified as male. As for distinct injury circumstances, the sample comprised 14 fall cases, 21 assault victims, and 6 strangulation victims. The prevalence of hypoxic-ischaemic neuronal injury was highest in strangulations (100.0%), followed by assaults (81.0%) and falls (64.3%); of specific brain regions, statistically significant differences between the three case groups were found in frontal and parietal cortex (p ≤ 0.018) and the hippocampus (p = 0.005). Brain oedema was present in approximately half of assault (47.6%) and strangulation cases (50.0%), contrastingly to the lower prevalence in falls (7.1%; p = 0.024). The prevalence of VAI appeared higher among assault (23.8%) and strangulation cases (16.7%) compared to falls (7.1%), but the differences were not statistically significant. We conclude that hypoxic-ischaemic neuronal injury and brain oedema were more prevalent among assault and strangulation cases compared to falls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622324001123/pdfft?md5=0a6b891356b0db64977e4a6124d3202c&pid=1-s2.0-S1344622324001123-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Salivary markers of aggression − The possible alterations in salivary hormones levels to identify perpetrators of aggression-related violence 攻击行为的唾液标志物--唾液激素水平的可能变化可用于识别与攻击行为有关的暴力行为的实施者

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102501

{"title":"Salivary markers of aggression − The possible alterations in salivary hormones levels to identify perpetrators of aggression-related violence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aggression, understood as intentional actions aimed at causing harm, remains in a direct relation with the phenomenon of interpersonal violence, especially its physical form. Creating an objective marker of aggression would be an important tool for preventing, protecting the victims and maintaining control over suspects. There have been attempts to link aggression with shifts in hormone levels, including those that can be measured in saliva, especially testosterone and cortisol. The systematic review aimed to assess changes in salivary hormone levels among perpetrators of violence, with particular emphasis on physical violence, as parameters pointing to perpetrators of violence. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 studies were included. Most of the papers included in the analysis came from the USA and Europe. Studies typically included adults as well as children, while focusing mainly on men. Among the hormones, salivary testosterone levels were the ones analyzed most frequently. On the basis of the included studies, a meta-analysis was conducted on the relationship between aggressive behavior and the levels of concentration of testosterone and cortisol measured in saliva. Regardless of gender, individuals exhibiting aggressive behavior were proved to have significantly higher testosterone levels and lower cortisol concentrations in saliva measurements. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of using the examined parameters for initial detection of perpetrators of aggression-related violence. However, further research is necessary to more precisely determine the relationship between aggressive behavior and hormonal changes in order to determine the feasibility of using these parameters as an objective marker for early identification of perpetrators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622324001111/pdfft?md5=0aaa8f115820010171ec89ef7a5b99e6&pid=1-s2.0-S1344622324001111-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex estimation using post-mortem computed tomographic images of the clavicle in a Malaysian population 利用马来西亚人口死后锁骨计算机断层扫描图像估测性别

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102500

{"title":"Sex estimation using post-mortem computed tomographic images of the clavicle in a Malaysian population","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forensic practitioners need contemporary anthropological data for the identification of human remains. The clavicle possesses a high degree of variability in its anatomical, biomechanical, and morphological features that are sex-dependent albeit population specific. The aim of this study was to develop sex estimation models for Malaysian individuals using post-mortem computed tomographic images of the clavicle. Sample comprised scans of 2.0 mm resolution of 405 individuals (209 male; 196 female) aged between 19 to 88 years. These scans were reconstructed and visualized using <em>Infinitt</em>. Six clavicular measurements (i.e. maximum length, C1; midshaft circumference, C2; midshaft maximum diameter, C3; midshaft minimum diameter, C4; maximum breadth of the sternal end, C5; and maximum breadth of the acromial articular surface, C6) were obtained from these images. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and discriminant function analysis. Measurements taken from the images were highly precise (ICC = 0.770–0.999). There is a significant difference between all parameters and sex (p < 0.001), however none for age and ethnic group. A multivariate sex estimation model was developed: Sex = (C1*0.86) + (C2*0.236) + (C3*-0.145) + (C5*- 0.074) − 17.618; with an accuracy rate of 89.1 % and sex bias of −3.2 %. Lower accuracy rates were obtained for single variable models (61.5–83.2 %). The resultant sex discriminant models can be used for estimating sex based on the clavicle in our local forensic practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autopsy doesn’t always tell all: The importance of exhuming skeletal remains of cemetery unidentified decedents 尸检并不总能说明一切：挖掘墓地无名死者遗骸的重要性。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102498

{"title":"Autopsy doesn’t always tell all: The importance of exhuming skeletal remains of cemetery unidentified decedents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The process of personal identification differs according to the state of preservation of the corpse, becoming more complicated when dealing with remains altered by taphonomic variables. Since 2015, the staff of the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology and Odontology (LABANOF) of the University of Milan has been engaged in recovering the skeletons of 36 unknown people from the cemeteries of the city of Milan, to redraw their biological profiles and give them back the possibility of being identified. Of the 36 starting skeletons, 7 have been identified and therefore are not the object of this study, 25 individuals were previously subjected to an autopsy examination and 4 skeletons were studied for the first time in the present work. The post-mortem data of all the individuals who had previously undergone autopsy and had not yet been identified (n = 25) have been retrieved from the archives of the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Milan and allowed for a comparison with those obtained from the new anthropological study of each exhumed skeleton. The authors aim to present the three most interesting cases to better highlight the results that emerged from the comparison. The autopsy information alone lacked important details. In all cases, the anthropological examination proved to be capable of detailing the biological profile of the unknowns even after a long period of inhumation (even more than 20 years). The limitations of instrumental investigations in achieving the goal single-handedly and the importance of recovering the unknown skeletons from cemeteries for identification purposes are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622324001081/pdfft?md5=d0bbc48f47b5b34cf21de8b79106a0f4&pid=1-s2.0-S1344622324001081-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141767866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards an integrative approach to the biological profile 采用综合方法研究生物特征。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102499

{"title":"Towards an integrative approach to the biological profile","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the most important tasks in forensic anthropology is the construction of the biological profile, classically defined as a set of four basic biological descriptors: biological sex, age-at-death, ancestry, and stature. Yet, our empirical and technological abilities in reconstructing the life experiences and health from skeletal remains far exceed these four parameters and forensic anthropology could benefit from further descriptors in the search for an identity. In this paper, we propose the inclusion of two other investigations to forensic anthropology practice to implement the already known biological profile: the interpretation of bone disease and lesions, and forensic toxicology on unconventional biological matrices. These analyses can provide information regarding health, habits, and disease burden, and by implementing them in our practice of forensic anthropology, they have the potential to improve the biological profile. We also propose a new term that can include not only the classical biological profile but also further descriptors, namely, the “biocultural profile”.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49913,"journal":{"name":"Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622324001093/pdfft?md5=7b87a5ef65267bb0c7ef8158c54e8a2e&pid=1-s2.0-S1344622324001093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0