Light & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Architectural Lighting Design Concept for the Interior Yard of a Prospective Orbital Station","authors":"N. Pavlov, G. Shcheglov","doi":"10.33383/2021-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2021-031","url":null,"abstract":"A design aspect of a three-dimensional workspace for an upcoming deployment stage of a new-generation manned space station with crews of several dozen people is considered. It is assumed that in the new closed layout of the station, the spatial core is its courtyard, which ensures productive and safe human activity not only in pressurized living and working modules, but also in an airless space.\u0000The aim of the work is to develop the concept for architectural illumination of the surface and the entire working space in the courtyard of the new-generation orbital station. The original layout diagram of the orbital station is presented. Its illumination is investigated by the method of computer geometric modelling.\u0000The most common orthogonal structures implemented in the MIR and ISS projects were chosen as the starting point for constructing the spatial structure of the orbital station.\u0000The illumination system is proposed that implements the operational and control functions of the crew members, as well as their orientation and positioning both in the spatial structure of the station itself and in the surrounding space. To implement these functions, two basic techniques for setting up remotely controlled stationary and mobile luminaires are proposed.\u0000The importance of highlighting the central axial structure of the station as a coordinate system for constant orientation is shown when people are located both in the inner space of the station and in the space of its yard. It is concluded that the illumination of the three-axis coordinate structure projected onto the outer space in relation to the station space, will give its perception a feeling of familiar stability.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77350020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Windows with Variable Thermal Protection for Buildings in the Far North","authors":"Jurii A. Tabunshchikov, M. Brodach, N. Shilkin","doi":"10.33383/2021-041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2021-041","url":null,"abstract":"A window is, first, an element of daylighting and visual comfort, but, in addition, the window can be an element of an air-conditioning system. In a building with natural ventilation, the outside air inflow is conducted, as a rule, through leaks in the fillings of window openings or through window elements – vents, transoms. The window is also an element of the building’s thermal protection. It gets special significance in buildings built in the climatic conditions of the Russian Far North. This region is characterized by a very short duration or even complete absence of solar time in winter (in the polar night conditions). In these conditions, the role of the window as an element of daylighting and visual comfort is turned off. The task of increasing the heat-shielding characteristics of windows becomes essential. In the Far North, a window can have the same thermal protection as a wall with proper design solutions. In temperate climate conditions, it is possible to increase the thermal protection of windows in public buildings during the period when the building is not in use: at night, on weekends and holidays.\u0000The paper provides an overview of new technologies for changing the optical properties and heat-shielding characteristics of windows, depending on changes in climatic conditions, time of day and people’s preferences, and discusses the possibilities of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings in the Far North conditions using windows with variable heat protection, as well as new designs of “smart windows”.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87952045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of the Soviet “Kinetic” Art of the 1960s‑1970s to the Development of the Theory and Practice of Architectural Lighting Technology","authors":"I. Bondarenko, Y. Bocharov, Dmitry I. Mikheikin","doi":"10.33383/2021-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2021-040","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses the original works in the field of architectural light and engineering belonging to the most prominent representatives of the domestic kinetic art of the 1960s (F. Infante, V.F. Koleichuk, L.N. Nusberg, as well as A. Lanin and B.M. Galeev). The conceptual basis of these works is revealed including a special attitude to light as a unique physical phenomenon and, at the same time, the most important component of a new architectural and artistic language. The practical value of the projects of special dynamic lighting of art objects, interiors of exhibition spaces, individual architectural objects and the urban environment as a whole, proposed by these authors and partly implemented by them, is revealed. It is shown in what way and for what purpose this type of synthetic art was formed at the intersection of architecture, design and engineering, which made a significant contribution to the development of both the theory and practice of architectural light engineering. In conclusion, the idea is expressed about the importance of using the considered historical experience at the present time, when every year new technical possibilities appear for creating an expressive light-colour environment, but deep content, philosophical and theoretical foundations for its design, which inspired the masters who stood at the origins of this the most important architectural and artistic direction, are lost.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74868110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Illumination of Memorial Complexes Reconstruction and Creation of a New One","authors":"Tatyana N. Zavgorodskaya, Sergey A. Matovnikov, Y. M. Moiseev","doi":"10.33383/2021-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2021-044","url":null,"abstract":"Memorial architecture is one of the most important resources for self-identification of society and the state. Recently, there has been a renewed interest of the population and tourists in memorial and museum complexes, and their attendance has increased. Old objects are being actively reconstructed, new ones are being built. The paper provides positive and negative examples of architectural illumination of memorial complexes. The techniques and means of lighting design are considered by the example of a number of reconstructed and newly created lighting installations.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74975746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Lighting of Micro-Spaces in Urban Centers","authors":"A. V. Krasheninnikov, Alexander A. Lebedev","doi":"10.33383/2021-048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2021-048","url":null,"abstract":"Night lighting must be taken into account when designing urban public spaces. In urban studies, the urban environment is the support of social processes, and social processes form the requirements for lighting and spatial parameters of the scene. The behaviour of people, their cognitive state and the intensity of communication are the important factors to consider for light design. The key signs of a cognitive state of a person are the number of people around and personal activity mobility. The most characteristic micro-spaces can be selected for various types of environmental behaviour. The paper proposes to use the concept of environmental complexes of micro-, meso-, and macro-spaces for the artificial lighting of a flexible, diverse, but at the same time integral urban environment. Micro-space is perceived as a sphere of personal communication, the so-called “bubble” of social space, and at the same time, micro-space has physical characteristics, including lighting. The basic principles of the light design of the micro-space include such spatial parameters as the size of the “light spot”, the height of the “light ceiling”. Artificial lighting of public spaces reveals the social scenario of using a common space, emphasizes places of communication, meetings, paths of movement, allows you to create a cosy, humane environment.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81204889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light Forms in Urban Environment","authors":"V. E. Karpenko, Nikolay I. Shchepetkov","doi":"10.33383/2021-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2021-033","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a method for generalizing and understanding the achievements of modern lighting design by means of classifying light forms and their main features are specified. The variety of types and complexity of light forms are due to avant-garde experiments in the art of the early and mid 20th century and is consistent with the successive change in artistic styles. Advances in computer technology and programming have made it possible to combine lighting elements, visual, colour and optical effects in one form. The new lighting techniques were developed for illuminating the architectural environment, various buildings, structures and forms in the spaces of world exhibitions. In this paper, the following light forms of the urban environment are investigated: projection mapping, light-graphic, light-painting and installation, sculptural, media surfaces and media facades, structural and vertical, energy-saving and virtual. The classification of light forms makes it possible to identify their structure and image, their correspondence to different eras in art, to predict the possibility of their transformation in the perspective of modern visual creativity.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79286507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daylighting of the Newest Christian Churches","authors":"Elena V. Ermolenko","doi":"10.33383/2021-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2021-037","url":null,"abstract":"Semantic and spatial changes in the options for using daylight compared to tradition are presented, based on the analysis of the architectural solutions applied in a number of modern Christian churches. According to popular belief, sunlight is used in most modern temples only as an architectural technique proving the skill of an architect, and as a means of interior decoration. The study showed that behind the abstract modern methods of illumination a temple, there is a deep connection with the earlier cultural tradition.\u0000Sunlight was one of the key means used for decorating interiors of Christian churches. The light pouring from windows of the dome drum or cutting through the twilight of the extended naves, highlighting an apse with the altar, or emphasizing the beauty of the sculpture, was the conductor of the Divine on earth. The quintessence of the presentation of “divine light” in architecture, which clearly shows the connection between God and man, are the Gothic monuments.\u0000From the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century, temple architecture was rapidly changing. Renowned innovator architects of the 20th century offered their own vision of a modern temple. The extreme degree of individualization of the new objects of cult was based on a common principle: the rejection of the symbolic language traditional for Christianity. The architects were not tied to metaphors and images of biblical subjects. They boldly changed both the external appearance of a temple and the construction of its internal space, hence, its system of daylighting.\u0000Traditionally, sunlight was the semantic filling of the temple space. As a result of the present study, it has been shown that in the newest Christian churches, daylighting techniques, in their essence, replace the pictorial filling of the temple space with religious content. At the same time, the same techniques function as a modern interpretation for a number of traditional architectural methods used for lighting design of the temple space.\u0000By the examples of the works by Studio Zermani e Associati, Mark Cavagnero Associates, Vicens + Ramos, Königs architekten, modern interpretation versions for the themes of retablo, glowing cross, highlighting the altar space, and illumination of gilded surfaces are shown, and the upper and side illumination features of the newest temples are revealed.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85967403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue 04-2021","authors":"","doi":"10.33383/2021-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2021-04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82630267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of Design and Plastic Light Environment Modelling. Part 1 Space and Light, Urban Environment","authors":"Marina A. Sokolova, Natalya V. Bystryantseva, Marina A. Silkina","doi":"10.33383/2021-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2021-047","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to the history of cooperation between the Department of Architectural Environment Design of the Moscow Architectural Institute and the ITMO University international educational program “Lighting Design”. It reveals the experience of inclusion into the educational process of the ITMO University international educational program “Lighting Design” of a lecture-practical unit dedicated to the modern principles concerning the lighting instruments operation in urban spaces of various sizes and purposes, as well as familiarizing with the basics of urban planning and urban development, types of open public spaces cities and components of urban fabric.\u0000The paper discusses a technique for modelling the compositional interaction between light and an urban tissue fragment, taking into account the peculiarities on the light instruments work in urban space characterized by various scales and typology, urban environment of various nature and compositional arrangement. In the process of work, students gained experience in identifying the structure and geometry of public spaces in the urban tissue, creating light routes and scenarios, and forming a system of light dominants.\u0000Conclusions are made about the significance of the design-plastic light modelling results and their influence on the design concept formation; the need to correlate the light-composition design search and the urban lighting components of various levels, as well as the meaning of lighting parameters such as the distribution of brightness and direction of luminance flux, the features of diffused and directional light and other components that affect human perception in order to create a multimodal design solution.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78233790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Controversial History of Pedestrian Space Lighting in Moscow","authors":"Alexander G. Khadzhin, Grigory S. Matovnikov","doi":"10.33383/2021-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2021-034","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores history of pedestrian area and pedestrian street lighting development in Moscow. It also explores comprehensively typical problems of lighting design for such spaces on a wide variety of instances. The paper concludes list of systematic insufficiencies in urban ameliorating design and urban lighting.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87071605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}