Light & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"About Efficiency of the Ultraviolet Diodes Applied for Disinfection of Water","authors":"Sergey S. Kapitonov, Sergey A. Vishnevsky","doi":"10.33383/2022-065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-065","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the question of reasonable application of UV LEDs for disinfection of the fluid mediums. There are the main advantages and failures of modern UV LEDs as well as the perspectives for their development and application presented. The low energy efficiency is noted among the main failures that significantly limit the possibility to use the semiconductor devices. In order to evaluate the efficiency of energy, the thermal model of the radiation system based on UV LEDs has been created. This system provides the energy flow of radiation similar to the flow of the gas discharge lamp of DB75 type. The simulation of this system operation is performed with the passive and active cooling applied to UV emitting diodes. The active cooling system is implemented by the thermoelectric modules used. There is calculation of the thermal processes at various parameters of the active cooling system carried out. Optimal parameters of the cooling system have been determined, at which the most favourable thermal mode of operation of UV LEDs is provided. Due to the active cooling applied it was possible to reduce the weight and size indicators of the system by 12 %. And at the same time its energy consumption increased significantly, that allowed additionally to decrease the energy efficiency. Basing on the developed models of the irradiation system with passive and active cooling there was the calculation of its daily energy consumption performed in accordance with a generic schedule of the water consumption per hour for the household and drinking needs of citizens. The results of calculation showed that if to use even the passive cooling, the system consumes the several times more electricity per day compared to the DB75 gas discharge lamp. It confirms that there are currently significant restrictions on the use of UV LEDs for disinfection of liquid media due to their low energy efficiency. But it should be noted that the technology of UV LEDs production is progressing dynamically. This fact allows us to say with optimism about the possibility to apply the semiconductor devices in systems of disinfection in the future.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of the Solar-Light Climate of Mountain Terrain is a Prerequisite for Assessing the Insolation and Illumination of Premises","authors":"Adham I. Giyasov","doi":"10.33383/2022-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-115","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the current documents regulating the requirements of the insolation of premises and urban areas, as well as the solar-light regime of territories depending on the boundaries of zones along geographical latitudes for the conditions of complex mountainous terrain in order to identify their degree of study. In this regard, it is determined that in the above maps, the zoning of territories, countries on mountainous terrain are highlighted as an unexplored or poorly studied zone in terms of climatic and solar-light factors. The indicators of the solar-light climate of mountain territories characterized by a special insolation-light-climatic condition are highlighted. The algorithm for solving the problem is defined, which includes the assessment and analysis of the solar-light climate of a characteristic mountainous complex relief, revealing the influence of complex relief on light-climatic characteristics. A methodology for assessing qualitative and quantitative indicators of solar radiation, the state of the atmosphere, the probability and duration of sunshine, the magnitude and nature of changes in time of direct, scattered, reflected, and total radiation coming to horizontal and variously oriented inclined, vertical surfaces, the ratio of the latter on complex mountainous terrain potentially construction, causing the solar-light environment of buildings are considered. It is established that the information material obtained on the basis of research on the amount of radiation coming from the solar dome on inclined surfaces of various orientations allows us to more accurately take into account its effect on the indoor light-climatic regime and, along with it, determines the direction of further research when assessing also the factors of indoor microclimate and thermo-physical characteristics of enclosing structures. A method for modelling characteristic landforms with determining their typology has been developed and a regularity has been established for the flow of direct, scattered, reflected and total solar radiation to differently oriented slopes, which determine the light climate of building premises, which can serve to assess its insolation-light-climatic regime, as well as to correct the calculation method of illuminance levels.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interrelation between Temperature and Power Supply Modes of Low Power High Efficiency Light Emitting Diodes","authors":"Dmitry O. Varlamov, Feodor I. Manyakhin, Arkady A. Skvortsov","doi":"10.33383/2022-048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-048","url":null,"abstract":"The studies of interrelation between temperature and power supply modes of low power high efficiency light emitting diodes and the effect of temperature on their direct voltage were analysed. It is discovered that there are significant differences in the experimental data on temperature modes obtained by many authors. A new dynamic method of measurement of overheating temperature in the active region of p-n structures at pre-set direct current is applied. This method is based on registration of the transient processes of direct voltage changes during heating by pre-set current and cooling-down after switching-off of the heating current at constant low direct current. The formula is obtained for calculation of the proportion factor of direct-voltage temperature dependence for diodes with different techno structures accounting for the measurement current, the non-ideality factor of the voltage-current curve, and temperature. The experimental curves of the LED active region temperature dependence on heating current at its density of (10–110) A/cm2 and dissipated power of (0.025–0.45) W are obtained. The direct-voltage temperature dependence proportion factor was modelled at different values of measurement current for specific LEDs. It is demonstrated that the active region of LEDs based on wide-band-gap semiconductors overheats due to formation of hot charge carriers interacting with optic phonons in it at current densities, when the exponential nature of the voltage-current curve is disturbed.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of Research into Energy Parameters and Characteristics of LED Lamps","authors":"Valery F. Beley, Maxim S. Kharitonov, German V. Kotsar","doi":"10.33383/2022-087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-087","url":null,"abstract":"Light emitting diode (LED) based solutions for lighting systems, particularly LED lamps, are becoming increasingly more popular due to their high reliability, energy efficiency, long lifetime, and decreasing cost. At the same time, modern semiconductor lighting equipment can be both a source of electromagnetic interference and sensitive to it. Manufacturers of LED lamps provide a few energy parameters and characteristics that make it possible to assess the interaction between the lamp and the electrical network at the design stage, but in some cases, the range of indicators provided does not fully justify the selection of LED-based solutions. The issues of electromagnetic compatibility of LED lamps are considered in the paper. LED lamps, as non-linear elements, are shown to create electromagnetic interference for the electrical network. First, emitting current harmonics, they are consumers of reactive power. The paper considers Russian and foreign documents that regulate energy parameters and characteristics of LED lamps. It is shown that datasheets of LED lamps do not fully represent their energy parameters and characteristics. The paper presents the approaches and methods based on experimental and analytical research for evaluating a wide range of energy parameters and characteristics of LED lamps. Particular attention is paid to the issue of light flicker: the range of luminous flux frequencies that negatively affect human health is shown, approaches to flicker assessment are given. Based on the study of a few LED lamps, a wide spread of their energy parameters and characteristics, the power factor and the flicker in particular, has been registered. The paper gives recommendations on the choice of products in the design of lighting systems based on LED lamps.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choosing a Method for Approximating the Spectral Distribution of Colour LEDs and Comparing their Parameters and Characteristics in Nominal Mode","authors":"Ruzana А. Delyan, Mikhail M. Erokhin, Svetlana N. Markova, Artemiy S. Potapov, Anna Savitskaya, Gennady P. Terekhov, Andrey N. Turkin","doi":"10.33383/2022-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-009","url":null,"abstract":"New technologies and new light sources make it possible to create fundamentally new approaches in the design and construction of lighting devices. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are a relatively new, promising and energy-efficient light source with a few unique properties: long lifetime, high luminous efficiency, aesthetics, environmental friendliness, reliability, high durability, and possibility to create a variety of spectra easily. During the lighting devices development, it is convenient to use mathematical approximations of the spectral distributions of the used LEDs in the composition of the product to calculate the final spectrum of the device in the visible range. These calculation methods are particularly interesting in architectural lighting. They are also applicable to the development of modern LED greenhouse irradiators. The article considers two main methods for approximating the emission spectra of colour LEDs: via symmetric and asymmetric distribution. The spectral distributions of four main types of LEDs that are used in the lighting devices design based on colour LEDs were measured in a wide range of currents from 100 mA to 1000 mA: red, amber, green, and blue. The results were also compared with a model that considers the two-dimensional density of states and potential fluctuations in the active region of the heterostructure of LED. Based on the carried-out measurements and calculations, the optimal approximation method via the asymmetric spectral distribution of LED radiation was determined.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method of Calculation of a Road Tunnel Illumination","authors":"Alexei A. Korobko","doi":"10.33383/2022-075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-075","url":null,"abstract":"The study proposes a method of electrical lighting calculation for a road tunnel, which allows estimating locations of selected luminaires providing the required road surface luminance distribution in the areas of vehicle driver adaptation while driving through a tunnel during daytime. The method is based on the adopted concepts of saturation curve and luminance saturation zone which are used for building of a step curve approximating the set zonal distribution of luminance. The basic terms of the method and the calculation algorithm as well as an example of calculation of luminaire locations in the tunnel luminance zones illustrated by comparison of estimated and pre-set luminance distributions are presented.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Study of Forced Power Supply Modes of a Xenon Flash Tube with Reinforced Electrode Assemblies","authors":"Alexander G. Bedrin, Alexander P. Guriev, Valentin M. Gromovenko","doi":"10.33383/2022-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-043","url":null,"abstract":"An INP‑16/350 xenon flash tube based on reinforced electrode assemblies was developed. As compared to the similar serially produced lamp INP‑16/580, the new lamp has the same dimensions but reduced discharge gap and reduced filling gas pressure. A stable quasi-arc operating mode of the lamp was reached with duration of radiation pulses of up to ten seconds when forcing power supply. The amplitude on time dependences of the lamp’s radiant exitance are formed by means of computer control of the temporal shape of the thyristor rectifier current pulses. For studying of the thermal overloads of the lamps, the methodology and IR-range optical pyrometry means were designed both, for the quartz bulb and for the electrode. The dependence of the latter’s temperature on energy deposition was studied using two custom-made radiometers. The load and radiation characteristics of the new lamp and the said analogue were compared. The new lamp is capable to operate rather reliably with high-power supply and energy deposition overload of up to 100 times in the single second-long flash mode with natural air cooling.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodeless Source of UV Radiation Based on Low-Pressure Microwave Mercury Discharge","authors":"Igor I. Zheleznov, Oleg A. Popov","doi":"10.33383/2022-064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-064","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study of the radiation, temperature, and electrical parameters of an electrodeless UV source with two mercury-argon (рAr ≈ 7.5∙10–1 Torr, рHg ≈ 0.01–0.06 Torr) quartz lamps based on a coaxial microwave discharge has been carried out. The design of a germicidal (185–280) nm spectral range UV irradiator with its disinfection of the air-aqueous environment and its main parameters are proposed. A magnetron for household microwave ovens (2.45 GHz, 1 kW) was used as a source of microwave radiation. The maximum UV radiation flux (87.2 W) was achieved at the power consumed by the magnetron from the mains Pel = 687 W. It has been established that with water cooled burners (twater = 15 °C), the power range of Pel, at which the maximum energy efficiency of the lamp and irradiator is achieved, in the indicated wavelength range is wider (up to 13 %) in range (490–720) W, than with air (tair = 23 °C) cooling with power range (490–550) W.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of New Standards in the Field of UV - C Disinfection","authors":"Nikolay A. Malyshev","doi":"10.33383/2022-068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-068","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus pandemic continues to plunge the world into waves of a potentially deadly disease caused by multiple strains of the SARS-CoV‑2 virus. A well-known effective method of non-specific prevention of the spread of respiratory viral infections in the Russian Federation is air disinfection using ultraviolet (UV) germicidal irradiation. Today, in medical institutions the application of this technology bases on domestic guidelines developed without taking into account the characteristics of new viruses, new knowledges and technologies in the field of UV radiation generation. A number of new standards have been issued abroad, significantly deepening the knowledge and capabilities in the development and application of UV disinfection devices. This article provides an overview of new standards, highlights the provisions that are appropriate for harmonization with Russian rules and recommendations for the use of UV radiation. The article shows: the necessity of updating the Russian regulatory framework in the field of application of UV disinfection technology, the development of new or revision of existing documents by the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation in cooperation with competent technical organizations and specialists.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Increasing Efficiency of UV Germicidal Recirculation for Air Sanitation","authors":"Victor V. Barmin","doi":"10.33383/2022-066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33383/2022-066","url":null,"abstract":"Enclosed germicidal irradiators, known as recirculators, have become widely used for air sanitation over the last years. The article presents the studies of the most common design of the device in terms of implementation of its target functionality. In the course of practical work, the role of shape and UV - C optical properties of material of the irradiation chamber walls for formation of efficient germicidal radiant flux inside it was studied. The significant effect of multiple reflections on the target functionality of the device was substantiated by calculations and confirmed by the test results. The article proposes the design of the irradiator and the analytical expressions for calculation of the irradiating chamber reflecting surface profile shape providing beneficial conditions for formation of an increased efficient germicidal flux inside it by means of multiple reflections.","PeriodicalId":49907,"journal":{"name":"Light & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135195783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}